{"id":35423,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/professii-budushhego-kem-vy-budete-rabotat-na-marse\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:17","slug":"professii-budushhego-kem-vy-budete-rabotat-na-marse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/professii-budushhego-kem-vy-budete-rabotat-na-marse","title":{"rendered":"Povol\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti: \u201eK\u00fdm budete pracovat na Marsu?\u201c","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Povol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u201ePilota raketov\u00e9ho batohu\u201c \u2013 to je \u201epovol\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti\u201c, je mu 60 let. \u201eV\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 raketov\u00fdch batoh\u016f\u201c \u2013 100 let<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u201eInstruktor \u0161koln\u00edho kurzu o konstrukci raketov\u00fdch batoh\u016f\u201c \u2013 to je povol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, d\u011bl\u00e1me to nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A jak\u00e9 je povol\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti? Tamper? Archeoprogram\u00e1tor? Designer fale\u0161n\u00fdch vzpom\u00ednek? B\u011b\u017eec po ost\u0159\u00ed? <\/p>\n

M\u016fj d\u00e1vn\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd, kter\u00fd se pod\u00edlel na crowdfundingov\u00e9 akci na motor pro raketov\u00fd batoh, nyn\u00ed spustil sv\u016fj projekt o povol\u00e1n\u00edch budoucnosti.<\/a><\/noindex>. Doporu\u010dil jsem mu p\u0159elo\u017eit zaj\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek z Forbesu <\/a><\/noindex>speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro Habra.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Bude va\u0161e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu?<\/h3>\n

\nPod\u00edvejte se kolem sebe. Kolik p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a jev\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s obklopuj\u00ed, neexistovalo, kdy\u017e jste byli d\u011btmi? Mo\u017en\u00e1 se te\u010f v\u00e1\u0161 pohled zastav\u00ed na notebooku, chytr\u00e9m telefonu nebo Wi-Fi. Nyn\u00ed si p\u0159edstavte, \u017ee to v\u0161echno prost\u011b neexistuje. Jak by se tehdy zm\u011bnil \u017eivot? Mysln\u011b se vra\u0165te do d\u011btstv\u00ed a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte, mohli byste si tehdy p\u0159edstavit to, bez \u010deho je dnes nemo\u017en\u00e9 se obej\u00edt?<\/p>\n

Je dost pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee podobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ud\u00e1lost\u00ed n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 i v oblasti budouc\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu: mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u00e1m jednoho dne bude p\u0159ipadat podivn\u00e9, jak jsme se obe\u0161li pouze s prac\u00ed na Zemi.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nTechnologick\u00fd pokrok nad\u00e1le vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klady pro jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed typy zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti jsou st\u00e1le omezeny hranicemi na\u0161\u00ed planety. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 na zm\u011bny u\u017e nebude dlouho \u010dekat. <\/p>\n

Jak \u0159ekl zesnul\u00fd Stephen Hawking: \u201ePokud bude lidsk\u00fd rod existovat je\u0161t\u011b milion let, budeme muset bez obav vyrazit tam, kde je\u0161t\u011b nikdo nebyl.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jeliko\u017e Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, odborn\u00edci NASA a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdci zva\u017euj\u00ed mo\u017enost p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed na jin\u00e9 planety jako re\u00e1lnou budoucnost, meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika a trh pr\u00e1ce mohou b\u00fdt ji\u017e na dohled.<\/p>\n

Program Elona Muska SpaceX pl\u00e1nuje vyslat prvn\u00ed astronauty na Mars do 2024<\/a><\/noindex> roku. Rozpo\u010det na rok 2020 schv\u00e1len\u00fd prezidentem Trumpem zahrnuje pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 2026<\/a><\/noindex> Rok pilotovan\u00e9ho letu na Mars s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat vzorky z \u010cerven\u00e9 planety. Studium t\u011bchto vzork\u016f hornin, p\u016fdy a atmosf\u00e9ry umo\u017en\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017edit nov\u00e9 informace o geologick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e planety a o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti vody, a mo\u017en\u00e1 i d\u016fkazy existence \u017eivota na n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti, nebo v minulosti.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti mohou kolonie na jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch b\u00fdt rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lidstva. Zakladatel Amazonu Jeff Bezos je si jist\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161eho \u017eivotn\u00edho prostoru v slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b \"nen\u00ed ot\u00e1zka volby, ale nezbytnost.\"<\/p>\n

Ekologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, omezen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje, rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst populace a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba z\u00e1niku z asteroid\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof mohou znemo\u017enit na\u0161\u00ed matce Zemi z\u016fstat \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro rostouc\u00ed lidstvo.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv neexistuje shoda na tom, \u017ee Mars by m\u011bl b\u00fdt na\u0161\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edm domovem, Musk se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee jedinou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou na cest\u011b k p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed \u010cerven\u00e9 planety na pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto je, vlastn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \"z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fakol v\u00fdstavby z\u00e1kladny.\"<\/p>\n

Jakmile bude tato infrastrukturn\u00ed z\u00e1kladna, o kter\u00e9 Musk hovo\u0159\u00ed, vybudov\u00e1na, my, pozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, budeme moci uch\u00e1zet o pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta na Marsu \u2013 stejn\u011b jako tomu je te\u010f na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b. Ale ne\u017e za\u010dnete balit kufry, mo\u017en\u00e1 byste cht\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edc o n\u011b\u010dem. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b Mars?<\/h3>\n

\nI kdy\u017e jsou planety slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy obecn\u011b vystaveny extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplotn\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm kosmick\u00fdm vliv\u016fm, Mars m\u00e1 jistou podobnost se Zem\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v takzvan\u00e9 Oblasti vhodn\u00e9 pro bydlen\u00ed (Habitable Zone<\/a><\/noindex>), kde jsou podm\u00ednky potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vhodn\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv je marsovsk\u00fd vzduch p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0159\u00eddk\u00fd k d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a povrch planety je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chladn\u00fd pro \u017eivot venku, Mars \u2014 na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch planet slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy \u2014 m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: dny tam trvaj\u00ed 24 hodin, existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, ka\u0148ony, sopky, pol\u00e1rn\u00ed ledov\u00e9 \u010depice, koryta \u0159ek, vyschl\u00e9 jezera a dokonce i ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody v kapaln\u00e9m stavu.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161ich dne\u0161n\u00edch znalost\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed struktury Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy lze tvrdit, \u017ee Mars je nejlep\u0161\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem pro meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed migraci.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 druhy zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed budou na Marsu k dispozici?<\/h3>\n

\nPokud jde o po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed Rud\u00e9 planety, m\u00e1lo kter\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi stoj\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru, by mohly konkurovat t\u011bmto otev\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u017enostem pro seberealizaci a \u00farove\u0148 stanoven\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem, m\u00edra profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem jak pro osobn\u00ed osudy, tak pro budoucnost cel\u00e9ho lidstva.<\/p>\n

Paul Wooster, hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr v\u00fdvoje marsovsk\u00e9 mise SpaceX, vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee prvn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na Marsu budou zahrnovat \"mnoho aspekt\u016f podobn\u00fdch pozemn\u00edmu stavebnictv\u00ed, omezen\u00fd rozvoj t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b geologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu) a tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, vedle takov\u00fdch podp\u016frn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed jako va\u0159en\u00ed a \u00faklid.\"<\/p>\n

Wooster p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po pracovn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch pro Mars se v\u00edce dotkne pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst spojen\u00fdch s \u00fadr\u017ebou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ne\u017e s p\u0159\u00edmou fyzickou prac\u00ed: \"v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch budou \u010dinnosti, p\u0159i nich\u017e se nijak nezapras\u00edte \u0161pinavou fyzickou prac\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bny p\u0159\u00edmo ze Zem\u011b.\"<\/i><\/p>\n

Jak se vyv\u00edj\u00ed infrastrukturn\u00ed z\u00e1kladna, bude se roz\u0161i\u0159ovat i rozsah mo\u017en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v oblastech jako medic\u00edna, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a slu\u017eby. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku bude nejv\u00edce popt\u00e1v\u00e1n vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a matematice<\/a><\/noindex>. Spolu s t\u00edm, jak roste z\u00e1jem o Mars a snaha dozv\u011bd\u011bt se o n\u011bm v\u00edce, bude propagace odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch film\u016f, televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f a reality show slou\u017eit k tomu, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 planeta bude p\u0159itahovat st\u00e1le v\u00edce r\u016fznorod\u00fdch talent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem pr\u00e1ce a dodate\u010dn\u00fdm stimulem pro nadan\u00e9 lidi bude mo\u017enost realizovat ty nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inovace.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrvn\u00ed marsovsk\u00e1 kolonie by mohla generovat vysok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy jako inovativn\u00ed kolonie. Bez rozptylov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, ale \u010del\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na Marsu, by kolonie mohla b\u00fdt jakousi \u201etlakovou n\u00e1dobou\u201c pro inovace, proto\u017ee jej\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm by nezabra\u0148ovala pozemsk\u00e1 byrokracie,\u201c<\/i>
\n \u2013 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doktor Robert Zubrin<\/a><\/noindex>, zakladatel Mars Society (Mars Society<\/a><\/noindex>) a autor nov\u00e9 knihy The Case for Space<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pokud se v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017eete do\u010dkat, kdy kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010dne ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed kolonizace Marsu, m\u016f\u017eete se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit do Astronaut Programu NASA. Doporu\u010dujeme v\u0161ak m\u00edt i alternativu; v roce 2017 bylo pod\u00e1no rekordn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> po\u010det p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek \u2013 18 300, zat\u00edmco po\u010det voln\u00fdch m\u00edst je pouze od 8 do 14.<\/p>\n

Jak se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit na meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci?<\/h3>\n

\nV\u0161em, kdo maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, doporu\u010dujeme nav\u0161t\u00edvit webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky organizac\u00ed jako SpaceX<\/a><\/noindex>, Blue Origin<\/a><\/noindex> a NASA<\/a><\/noindex>. Mohou se tak\u00e9 hodit specializovan\u00e9 weby typu Space Individuals<\/a><\/noindex> a Space Careers<\/a><\/noindex>. NASA dokonce vydala propaga\u010dn\u00ed plak\u00e1ty pro zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu pro geodety, farm\u00e1\u0159e, u\u010ditele a mechaniky.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v\u011bt\u0161ina profes\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro pr\u00e1ci ve vesm\u00edru zalo\u017eena na Zemi, spole\u010dnosti pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v oblasti vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed odborn\u00edky v\u0161ech profes\u00ed. Uveden\u00e9 organizace a internetov\u00e9 zdroje ukazuj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, kter\u00e9 se otev\u00edraj\u00ed pro in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, design, v\u00fdvoj softwaru, v\u00fdrobu, lidsk\u00e9 zdroje, finansn\u00ed sektor, IT, pr\u00e1vo, marketing, obchod a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed \u010dinnosti existuj\u00edc\u00edch na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b. A\u0165 u\u017e jsou va\u0161e profesn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy jak\u00e9koli, pokud v\u00e1s tak\u00e9 bav\u00ed objevov\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru, najdete si uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak se dostanu na sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto?<\/h3>\n

\nAby se Mars stal obyvatelnou plo\u0161inkou pro novou ekonomiku, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve\u0159ejnosti k dispozici dostupn\u00e1, bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, spolehliv\u00e1 a pravideln\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed spojen\u00ed. Raketa s opakovan\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm (jako ta, kterou navrhl Musk) bude naprosto nezbytn\u00e1 pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed slu\u017eby na zp\u016fsob leteck\u00fdch linek. Prvn\u00ed pasa\u017eersk\u00e9 rakety<\/a><\/noindex> potenci\u00e1ln\u011b bychom mohli vz\u00edt na palubu a\u017e 100 lid\u00ed (a v\u00edce) a 450 tun n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echna \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hromadn\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 dopravy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u00fazkou spolupr\u00e1ci a partnerstv\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> priv\u00e1tn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a vl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, jako je NASA. Siln\u00fd pr\u016fmysl vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 dopravy tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bje k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, obdobn\u011b jako to prob\u00edh\u00e1 u leteck\u00e9 dopravy na Zemi. Spole\u010dnost vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho turismu Richarda Bransona Virgin Galactic ji\u017e p\u0159il\u00e1kala stovky klient\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, kte\u0159\u00ed investovali prost\u0159edky do budouc\u00edch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch let\u016f. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee v tomto nov\u00e9m vysoce technologick\u00e9m sektoru i roboti<\/a><\/noindex> by si s va\u0161\u00edm servisem a pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u010derstven\u00ed poradili bez probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n

Bude bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u017e\u00edt a pracovat na Marsu?<\/h3>\n

\nPokud budou u\u010din\u011bny pokusy p\u0159etvo\u0159it Mars na obyvateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a dojde k terraforming (nebo jin\u00fdm transformac\u00edm), neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty planety by mohlo o\u017eivit d\u0159\u00edve existuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo sou\u010dasn\u00e9 formy marsovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota<\/a><\/noindex>, \u2014 s nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledky. Slab\u0161\u00ed gravitace by mohla oslabit na\u0161e kosti a svaly a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 radiace by mohla zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Tak \u010di onak, bezpe\u010dnost<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 je extr\u00e9mn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, a smrt \u2014 je zcela mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledek pro prvn\u00ed os\u00eddlitele. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed izolovanost od \u0161irok\u00e9ho okruhu kontakt\u016f nebo dlouh\u00e1 a n\u00e1hl\u00e1 zm\u011bna soci\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek, \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu a diety (spole\u010dn\u011b s poruchami sp\u00e1nku kv\u016fli del\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed dob\u011b) p\u0159edstavovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro du\u0161evn\u00ed a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na opl\u00e1tku negativn\u00ed vliv na fyzick\u00fd stav a zkr\u00e1tit d\u00e9lku \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Jak budu komunikovat s t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstanou na Zemi?<\/h3>\n

\nD\u0159\u00edve nebo pozd\u011bji, holoportace (holoportation<\/a><\/noindex>) umo\u017en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u011b um\u00edstit lidi do stejn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, i kdy\u017e jsou na r\u016fzn\u00fdch planet\u00e1ch. To u\u010din\u00ed komunikaci s rodinou, p\u0159\u00e1teli a kolegy na Zemi bezprobl\u00e9movou a p\u0159irozenou. Jak technologie p\u0159enosu obraz\u016f a osobn\u00edch bot\u016f pokro\u010duj\u00ed, va\u0161e fyzick\u00e1 poloha ji\u017e nebude tolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Kdy\u017e boty, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed senzorov\u00e9 technologie<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u00e1m dok\u00e1\u017eou poskytnout dokonce i pocit fyzick\u00e9ho doteku jin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho na jin\u00e9 planet\u011b. Technologie pr\u00e1ce na d\u00e1lku v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed \u017e\u00edt na Marsu a pracovat na Zemi. Lid\u00e9 u\u017e pracovali na d\u00e1lku<\/a><\/noindex> na Marsu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se nach\u00e1zeli na Zemi.<\/p>\n

Budou dostupn\u00e9 pozemsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky?<\/h3>\n

\nZpo\u010d\u00e1tku bude n\u00e1vrat na Zemi k sv\u00e1tk\u016fm nemo\u017en\u00fd kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm a technick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm letu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k tomu, \u017ee tempo technologick\u00e9ho pokroku dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/a><\/noindex> ka\u017ed\u00fdch 12-18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, p\u0159ijdou i \u010dasy, kdy zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed letenka na Zemi bude zcela dostupn\u00e1. A do t\u00e9 doby, holografick\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti<\/a><\/noindex> a dal\u0161\u00ed technologie budou moci nab\u00edzet virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201en\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy\u201c, kter\u00e9 budou pocitov\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 s re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi n\u00e1vraty na Zem.<\/p>\n

Pokud se rozhodnete uskute\u010dnit sv\u016fj let ve dvou kroc\u00edch a nejprve str\u00e1vit n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das na M\u011bs\u00edci (jak doporu\u010duje ud\u011blat Bezos), va\u0161e \u0161ance tr\u00e1vit sv\u00e1tky na Zemi budou zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/a><\/noindex> Kde budu bydlet, j\u00edst a nakupovat?<\/p>\n

Sout\u011b\u017e<\/h3>\n

\norganizovan\u00e1 NASA o designu uk\u00e1zala vysoce technologick\u00e9 mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 domy vyroben\u00e9 z ledu, nafukovac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a recyklovan\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch lod\u00ed. B\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 100 let Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty (SAE) pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed p\u0159es\u00eddlit na Mars 600.000 lid\u00ed. Aby p\u0159ipravili tuto novou mar\u0165anskou kolonii, SAE pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed na Zemi vytvo\u0159it jej\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> imitaci s domy kupolov\u00e9ho typu. Jejich pl\u00e1n zahrnuje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbu muzea (vybaven\u00e9ho zdmi z m\u00edstn\u00edho p\u00edsku, ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi na 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b), kde by se v\u0161ichni, kdo doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee se v budoucnu usad\u00ed na Marsu, mohli dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o historii vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch cestov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex> s domy kopulov\u00e9ho typu. Jejich pl\u00e1n zahrnuje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbu muzea (vybaven\u00e9ho zdmi z m\u00edstn\u00edho p\u00edsku, vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi na 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b), kde by se ti, kte\u0159\u00ed doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee v budoucnu usednou na Marsu, mohli dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o historii vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch cest.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku budou v\u0161echna obytn\u00e1, stravovac\u00ed a n\u00e1kupn\u00ed m\u00edsta um\u00edst\u011bna uvnit\u0159 budov, aby chr\u00e1nila lidi p\u0159ed venkovn\u00edm vzduchem, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed k d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed n\u00edzk\u00fdmi teplotami. Pokud planeta laskav\u011b p\u0159ijme na\u0161e snahy u\u010dinit ji obyvatelnou, budouc\u00ed koloni\u010dt\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 budou moci napodobit pozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot a vytvo\u0159\u00ed si zvyk j\u00edst v McDonald's. Ale vezmeme-li v \u00favahu pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na chov hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at na Marsu nebo laboratorn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu masa, p\u0159ipravte se na to, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 Big Mac bude v\u00fdrazn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prvn\u00ed, co se na Marsu za\u010dne p\u011bstovat, budou zelenina<\/a><\/noindex>, tak\u017ee sal\u00e1t by pro v\u00e1s mohl b\u00fdt docela p\u0159ijateln\u00fd. Co se t\u00fd\u010de nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed, Amazon vypad\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1m bude k dispozici i tam: Bezos u\u017e pl\u00e1nuje sv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky<\/a><\/noindex> na M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Mohou m\u011b na Marsu vyhodit z pr\u00e1ce?<\/h3>\n

\nSamotn\u00fd fakt vyhazovu na \u010cerven\u00e9 planet\u011b bude n\u011b\u010d\u00edm naprosto neobvykl\u00fdm, dokud nebudou mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 lety, nebo dokud nebudou vytvo\u0159ena alternativn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta. Rozhodnut\u00ed o zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed budou muset b\u00fdt p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na velmi uv\u00e1\u017eliv\u011b a od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u011b; m\u011bla by b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bna rezervn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta pro produktivn\u00ed a maxim\u00e1ln\u011b rozumn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed vykon\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 profesn\u00ed povinnosti, nebo pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy ji\u017e nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba dan\u00fd typ pr\u00e1ce. Je tedy t\u0159eba zohlednit i p\u0159\u00edpady pracovn\u00ed neschopnosti nebo odchodu do d\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n

Aby byl zaru\u010den vysok\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed standard v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm Marsu, mus\u00ed fungovat programy pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e to nejsou schopni zajistit sami; jednotn\u00fd standard zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a jednotn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem budou moci zaru\u010dit zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby<\/a><\/noindex> a bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem<\/a><\/noindex> pro v\u0161echny, bez ohledu na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobn\u00ed okolnosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, dynamika socioekonomick\u00e9 situace na \u010cerven\u00e9 planet\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit s rozvojem pr\u016fmyslu kosmick\u00e9 dopravy.<\/p>\n

Stanu se na Marsu \"sv\u00fdm\"?<\/h3>\n

\nStrategie zohledn\u011bn\u00ed rozmanitosti a pe\u010dliv\u00e1 pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 genderov\u00fdm, etnick\u00fdm, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm a sv\u011bton\u00e1zorov\u00fdm zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostem t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se chystaj\u00ed na Mars, nab\u00fdv\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Kolonizace jin\u00fdch planet poskytne lidem jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost napravit chyby pozemsk\u00e9 historie a p\u0159iv\u00e9st lidstvo k \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ze. Pokud bude diverzita zohledn\u011bna promy\u0161len\u011b, v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 komunity se od za\u010d\u00e1tku budou c\u00edtit jako \u201esv\u00ed\u201c. <\/p>\n

\u017divot na Marsu se ve mnoha ohledech stane v\u00fdjime\u010dnou v\u00fdzvou. Jak nap\u0159\u00edklad ovlivn\u00ed korporativn\u00ed nebo st\u00e1tn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed kolonie pr\u00e1va a svobody ob\u010dan\u016f? Budou najat\u00ed pracovn\u00edci zcela z\u00e1visl\u00ed na sv\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch a pln\u011b se spol\u00e9hat na jejich dobrou v\u016fli, pokud jde o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, stravy, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a dal\u0161\u00edch pot\u0159eb?<\/p>\n

Pokud soukrom\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany pozemsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed z\u016fstane kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem pro rozvoj Marsu, budou politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed na t\u00e9to planet\u011b vych\u00e1zet z destruktivn\u00edch \u00favah kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho zisku nebo dlouhodob\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch princip\u016f?<\/p>\n

Jak se lid\u00e9 na Marsu p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed sv\u00e9mu nov\u00e9mu okol\u00ed? Vzhledem k slab\u0161\u00ed gravitaci, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulov\u00e9mu obsahu kysl\u00edku a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 radiaci se lid\u00e9 velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vyvinou v nov\u00fd biologick\u00fd druh. Astronaut Scott Kelly<\/a><\/noindex> vyrostl o dva palce po pouh\u00e9m roce str\u00e1ven\u00e9m na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Jak se d\u011bti narozen\u00e9 na Marsu p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed sv\u00e9mu nov\u00e9mu domovu? Vyvinou se u nich vlastnosti biologicky neslu\u010diteln\u00e9 se \u017eivotem na Zemi a vytvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro nov\u00fd mar\u0165ansk\u00fd poddruh lid\u00ed? Jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady budou pro ob\u010danstv\u00ed domorod\u00fdch \u201emar\u0165an\u016f\u201c?<\/p>\n

Pokou\u0161ej\u00ed se ti, kdo financuj\u00ed migraci na Mars, prosadit jednotn\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pas nebo proceduru p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed pro neautorizovan\u00e9 meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed lety?<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se pomalu vytvo\u0159\u00ed homogenn\u00ed mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, budou tam v\u00edtat pozem\u0161\u0165any?<\/h3>\n

\nVznikne na Marsu nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 ekonomika, nebo se Zem\u011b finan\u010dn\u011b pos\u00edl\u00ed a bude se prezentovat jako jedin\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 centrum Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy? Pokud se Mars p\u0159ece jen stane ekonomicky nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm (nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm) na importn\u00edm a exportn\u00edm trhu, z\u00edsk\u00e1 tak svoji svrchovanost nad Zem\u00ed? Povede takov\u00e1 svrchovanost k politick\u00e9mu boji o moc, ideologick\u00e9mu st\u0159etu a nakonec k sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 popsal H. Wells ve sv\u00e9 \u201eV\u00e1lce sv\u011bt\u016f\u201c?<\/p>\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00edm se stanou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi faktory, jak se lid\u00e9 budou sna\u017eit os\u00eddlit dal\u0161\u00ed planety Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy a mo\u017en\u00e1 i za jej\u00edmi hranicemi. Instituce jako N\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (National Space Society<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 neziskov\u00e1 organizace, usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 civilizace a vedouc\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti od roku 1974, \u2014 p\u0159edstavuje dobr\u00fd zdroj pro v\u00fdzkum, publikaci \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a obecn\u00e9 informov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, jak by obyvatel\u00e9 Zem\u011b mohli vyu\u017e\u00edt \u201egigantick\u00e9 zdroje vesm\u00edru k radik\u00e1ln\u00edmu zlep\u0161en\u00ed lidstva\u201c. Marsovsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1998 (Mars Society<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 je dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed zdroj t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b osidlov\u00e1n\u00ed Rud\u00e9 planety.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1koli rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 budou \u010din\u011bna ve prosp\u011bch v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u00edru a jednotn\u00fdch humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch princip\u016f, bude vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst na Marsu po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm bodem pro vznik nov\u00e9ho, vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho \u201ep\u0159edn\u00edho okraje\u201c pro lidstvo. Tam, na Marsu, lid\u00e9 objev\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 cesty k porozum\u011bn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce ve jm\u00e9nu na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru a mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00edmto prodlou\u017e\u00ed historii cel\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho rodu. <\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b jednou si vzpome\u0148te na sv\u00e9 d\u011btstv\u00ed a potom p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m v tuto chv\u00edli \u010dtete tento \u010dl\u00e1nek. A te\u010f, pod\u00edvejte se do Kosmu. Jste p\u0159ipraveni? <\/p>\n

P.S.<\/h3>\n

\nV St\u00e1vorpolu se ke mn\u011b po reflexi \u201eKurzu na Mars\u201c p\u0159idal mlad\u00edk zhruba patn\u00e1cti let a za\u010dal se vypt\u00e1vat, \u010demu se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u011bnuji a jak dlouho. Za\u010dal jsem mu vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe a Tanzanii, Braz\u00edlii a Vietnamu, Arm\u00e9nii a Tunisku a o nekone\u010dn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch po Rusku. Chlapcovy o\u010di se roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku pronesl: \u201eTo je pr\u00e1ce sn\u016f \u2013 cestovat v\u0161ude a pracovat.
\n\u201eRozum\u00ed\u0161,\u201c odpov\u011bd\u011bl jsem, \u201eTy jsi se nau\u010dil, \u017ee to jde, v patn\u00e1cti letech, a j\u00e1 ve t\u0159iceti p\u011bti. Tak\u017ee m\u00e1\u0161 \u0161anci vybudovat svou kari\u00e9ru tak, jak ti to p\u0159ipad\u00e1 nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u201c
\nAtlas nov\u00fdch profes\u00ed \u2013 to je vlastn\u011b o tom.<\/i>
\n \u2014 Dmitrij Sudakov<\/noindex>, Vedouc\u00ed projektu \u201eAtlas nov\u00fdch profes\u00ed 3.0<\/a><\/noindex>\u201e<\/p>\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed verze \u201eAtlasu\u201c<\/a><\/noindex><\/b> (PDF, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International<\/i>)
\n
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