{"id":35441,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-obshhego-mezhdu-orgazmom-i-wi-fi\/"},"modified":"2020-12-21T09:34:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T07:34:31","slug":"chto-obshhego-mezhdu-orgazmom-i-wi-fi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-obshhego-mezhdu-orgazmom-i-wi-fi","title":{"rendered":"Co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho orgasmus a Wi-Fi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hedy Lamarr nebyla jen prvn\u00ed, kdo se v kin\u011b objevil nah\u00fd a zobrazoval orgasmus p\u0159ed kamerou, ale tak\u00e9 vynalezla syst\u00e9m r\u00e1diov\u00e9 komunikace s ochranou proti odposlechu.<\/p>\n

\"Co<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee mozky lid\u00ed jsou zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich vzhled.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2014 \u0159ekla hollywoodsk\u00e1 here\u010dka a vyn\u00e1lezkyn\u011b Hedy Lamarr v roce 1990, deset let p\u0159ed svou smrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hedy Lamarr byla okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed here\u010dka 40. let, kter\u00e1 se stala sv\u011btov\u011b zn\u00e1mou nejen d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu vzhledu a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 hereck\u00e9 kari\u00e9\u0159e, ale tak\u00e9 d\u00edky skute\u010dn\u011b vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edm schopnostem.<\/p>\n

Hedy, kterou na fotografi\u00edch \u010dasto pletou s dal\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1skou kinematografie 20. stolet\u00ed, Vivian Leigh (Scarlett z \"Jih proti Severu\"), darovala sv\u011btu mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edvat komunikaci s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm spektrem (d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e dnes m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edvat mobiln\u00ed telefony a Wi-Fi). <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Co
\nVivian Leigh a Hedy Lamarr<\/em><\/p>\n

\u017divotn\u00ed cesta a kari\u00e9ra t\u00e9to neoby\u010dejn\u00e9 \u017eeny byly obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, av\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a pozoruhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Co<\/p>\n

Hedy Lamarr (Hedy Lamarr), kter\u00e1 se narodila pod jm\u00e9nem Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler (Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler), se narodila 9. listopadu 1914 ve V\u00eddni v Rakousku v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 rodin\u011b pianistky Gertrudy Lichtwitz a \u0159editele banky Emila Kieslera. Jej\u00ed matka poch\u00e1zela z Budape\u0161ti a otec z \u017eidovsk\u00e9 rodiny \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed ve Lvov\u011b.<\/p>\n

U\u017e od d\u011btstv\u00ed ohromovala v\u0161echny sv\u00fdmi schopnostmi a talentem. Studium baletu, \u00fa\u010dast v divadeln\u00ed \u0161kole, hra na klav\u00edr a fascinace matematikou. I kdy\u017e byla rodina zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 a nebylo t\u0159eba v ml\u00e1d\u00ed pracovat, Hedy opustila rodinn\u00fd d\u016fm ve 16 letech a nastoupila do divadeln\u00ed \u0161koly. Sou\u010dasn\u011b u\u017e ve 17 letech za\u010dala hr\u00e1t ve filmech, debutovala v roce 1930 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m filmu \"D\u00edvky v no\u010dn\u00edm klubu\". Pokra\u010dovala v kari\u00e9\u0159e, nat\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 filmy.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek jej\u00ed kari\u00e9ry byl velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, ale b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let byla pouze jednou z mnoha, celosv\u011btovou sl\u00e1vu j\u00ed p\u0159inesl \u010deskoslovensko-rakousk\u00fd film \"Extase\" Gustava Machaty. Film byl pro rok 1933 provokativn\u00ed a kontroverzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Desetiminutov\u00e1 sc\u00e9na s nah\u00fdm koup\u00e1n\u00edm v lesn\u00edm jeze\u0159e je vzhledem k 21. stolet\u00ed zcela nevinn\u00e1, ale v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyvolala bou\u0159i emoc\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch byl film dokonce zak\u00e1z\u00e1n, a do kin se dostal a\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech cenzurovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Co
\nHedy Lamarr ve filmu \"Ekstasy\", 1933.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hluk kolem filmu a zu\u0159iv\u00e9 rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed ze strany c\u00edrkve hr\u00e1lo here\u010dce do karet, proto\u017ee se d\u00edky tomu stala skand\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1mou. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyla vinou skand\u00e1lu sama nah\u00e1 podstata, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b obrovsk\u00e1 bou\u0159e emoc\u00ed, kterou vyvolala sc\u00e9na prvn\u00ed imitace orgasmu v historii kinematografie, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b zahran\u00e1 d\u00edvkou. Pozd\u011bji here\u010dka vypr\u00e1v\u011bla, \u017ee ji re\u017eis\u00e9r b\u011bhem nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed erotick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny speci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u00edchal anglickou \u0161pendl\u00edkem, aby zvuky, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vala, vypadaly v\u011brohodn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Po skand\u00e1ln\u00edm filmu se rodi\u010de maxim\u00e1ln\u011b sna\u017eili, aby svou dceru co nejd\u0159\u00edve provdali. Prvn\u00edm man\u017eelem Hedy se stal Raku\u0161an Fritz Mandel \u2013 milion\u00e1\u0159 a v\u00fdrobce zbran\u00ed, kter\u00fd podporoval nacisty a vyr\u00e1b\u011bl zbran\u011b pro T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161. Kdy\u017e spolu se sv\u00fdm man\u017eelem nav\u0161t\u011bvovala sch\u016fzky a porady, Hedy pozorn\u011b naslouchala a zapamatov\u00e1vala si v\u0161echno, o \u010dem mu\u017ei mluvili \u2013 a jejich rozhovory byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, nebo\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed laborato\u0159e Mandelovy firmy pracovaly na v\u00fdvoji d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch zbran\u00ed pro nacisty. Ale tento fakt pot\u00e9 \u201evybuchl\u201c.<\/p>\n

Man\u017eel se uk\u00e1zal jako hrozn\u00fd vlastn\u00edk, nav\u00edc ji \u017e\u00e1rlil na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kolemjdouc\u00edho. Skon\u010dilo to tak, \u017ee mlad\u00e1 man\u017eelka byla doslova uv\u011bzn\u011bna ve sv\u00e9 \u201ezlat\u00e9 kleci\u201c, nemohla se ani nat\u00e1\u010det v kinech, ani se jen tak setk\u00e1vat s p\u0159\u00e1teli. Pokusil se vykoupit v\u0161echny kopie \"Ekstasy\" z v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 distribuce. Stra\u0161n\u00fd man\u017eelstv\u00ed trvalo \u010dty\u0159i roky, ale kdy\u017e to takto nevydr\u017eela, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 \u017eena bohat\u00e9ho a mocn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce n\u00e1boj\u016f v noci, pot\u00e9 co p\u0159edt\u00edm podstr\u010dila hospodyni pr\u00e1\u0161ky na span\u00ed a obl\u00e9kla si jej\u00ed \u0161aty, unikla na kole a nastoupila na parn\u00edk \"Normandie\".<\/p>\n

Emigrovala do USA na pokraji druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a na lodi, kter\u00e1 plula z Lond\u00fdna do New Yorku, se sezn\u00e1mila s vedouc\u00edm studia MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) Louisem Mayerem. Lamarr mluvila trochu anglicky, co\u017e bylo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee se j\u00ed poda\u0159ilo uzav\u0159\u00edt v\u00fdhodnou smlouvu na nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v hollywoodsk\u00fdch filmech.<\/p>\n

Aby se vyhnula ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm asociac\u00edm u americk\u00e9ho purit\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho publika, zvolila si pseudonym, kter\u00fd si vyp\u016fj\u010dila od here\u010dky \"MGM\" Barbary La Marr, b\u00fdval\u00e9 Mayerovy milenky, kter\u00e1 zem\u0159ela v roce 1926 na srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1chvat v d\u016fsledku u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 etapa kari\u00e9ry se rozv\u00edj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry v Hollywoodu hr\u00e1la here\u010dka v tak popul\u00e1rn\u00edch filmech jako \u201eAl\u017e\u00edr\u201c (1938, role Gabi), \u201eD\u00e1ma v tropech\u201c (1939, role Manon de Verne), adaptace J. Steinbecka \u201eTortilla Flat\u201c (1942, re\u017eie Viktor Fleming, role Dolores Ram\u00edrez), \u201eRiskantn\u00ed experiment\u201c (1944), \u201ePodivn\u00e1 \u017eena\u201c (1946) a epick\u00e9 d\u00edlo C\u00e9sara de Milleta \u201eSamson a Dalila\u201c (1949). Jej\u00ed posledn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed na obrazovce bylo ve filmu \u201eThe Female Animal\u201c (1958, role Vanessa Windsor).<\/p>\n

Hereck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nebr\u00e1nilo ani to, \u017ee se b\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed stala matkou t\u0159ech d\u011bt\u00ed. Pravda, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch jsou tyto informace rozporupln\u00e9, proto\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jedno d\u00edt\u011b nebylo jej\u00edm vlastn\u00edm synem.<\/p>\n

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Hedy opustila v roce 1945. Celkem Hedy Lamarr vyd\u011blala na filmov\u00fdch nat\u00e1\u010den\u00edch 30 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vietnamsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1ska na\u0161la \u017eivot v Beverly Hills a setkala se s takov\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi osobnostmi jako John F. Kennedy a Howard Hughes, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed poskytli vybaven\u00ed pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed experiment\u016f v jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsu, kdy\u017e nebyla na nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto v\u011bdeck\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed Lamarr na\u0161la sv\u00e9 prav\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hedy Lamarr byla v\u00e1\u0161nivou, v\u00e1\u0161nivou a nest\u00e1lou \u017eenou, kter\u00e1 ob\u010das c\u00edtila pot\u0159ebu novosti. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee krom\u011b sv\u00fdch \u0161est\u00ed man\u017eel\u016f m\u011bla here\u010dka mnoho milenc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Po dvou letech po \u00fat\u011bku od prvn\u00edho man\u017eela se Lamarr op\u011bt vdala. Jej\u00edm druh\u00fdm man\u017eelem byl sc\u00e9n\u00e1rista a producent Gene McCarthy, kter\u00fd svou \u017eenu bezmezn\u011b miloval, ale Hedy do n\u011bj zamilovan\u00e1 nebyla. I kdy\u017e m\u011bla miluj\u00edc\u00edho man\u017eela, postupn\u011b nav\u00e1zala rom\u00e1nek s hercem Johnem Loderem a dokonce mu porodila d\u00edt\u011b (jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje). McCarthy souhlasil, \u017ee syna Hedy p\u0159ijme, proto\u017ee si nedok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit \u017eivot bez t\u00e9to n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 \u017eeny. Ale po p\u00e1r letech se p\u0159ece jen rozvedla a Lamarr za\u010dala \u017e\u00edt s otcem sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, Johnem Loderem, se kter\u00fdm brzy uzav\u0159eli man\u017eelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed here\u010dky trvalo 4 roky. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby porodila Loderovi je\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b d\u011bti: syna a dceru. A v roce 1947 vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed se rozv\u00e9st. N\u00e1sledovalo dal\u0161\u00edch t\u0159i ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u0148atky: s restaurat\u00e9rem a hudebn\u00edkem Teddym Stufferem (1951-1952), ropn\u00fdm magn\u00e1tem Williamem Howardem Lee (1953-1960) a advok\u00e1tem Lewisem Boiesem (1963-1965).<\/p>\n

Jak vid\u00edme, osud Hedy Lamarr se nevyv\u00edjel zrovna \u0161\u0165astn\u011b. \u0160est man\u017eelstv\u00ed j\u00ed neneslo \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Vztahy s jej\u00edmi t\u0159emi d\u011btmi tak\u00e9 nebyly ide\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010casto naz\u00fdv\u00e1na 'nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eenou v kinech', kr\u00e1sa Hedy Lamarr a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost na pl\u00e1tn\u011b ji ud\u011blaly jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch here\u010dek jej\u00ed doby.<\/p>\n

Bezpochyby hereck\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra proslavila Lamarr, ale skute\u010dn\u00e9 nesmrtelnosti j\u00ed p\u0159inesla jej\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n

Jakoby j\u00ed nesta\u010dilo b\u00fdt kr\u00e1snou, talentovanou here\u010dkou, Hedy byla tak\u00e9 nesm\u00edrn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed a v\u011bnovala se vyn\u00e1lez\u016fm. Dob\u0159e rozum\u011bla matematice a z\u00e1sluhou prvn\u00edho man\u017eela se dob\u0159e orientovala v zbran\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00edm schopnostem a jejich aplikaci p\u0159isp\u011bla setk\u00e1n\u00ed s avantgardn\u00edm skladatelem a vyn\u00e1lezcem Georgem Antheilem. Kdy\u017e s n\u00ed jednou hovo\u0159il, uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee jeho prot\u011bj\u0161ek je mnohem chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se zd\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Lamarre byla fascinov\u00e1na t\u00edm, jak ve sv\u00e9 hudb\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval podivn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a aran\u017em\u00e1, a r\u00e1da sama n\u011bco vytv\u00e1\u0159ela a vynal\u00e9zala, podobn\u011b jako on. Hedley ho inspiroval zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edval n\u011bkolik perforovan\u00fdch p\u00e1sek pro mechanick\u00e9 piano, co\u017e umo\u017enilo p\u0159ep\u00ednat p\u0159ehr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z jednoho n\u00e1stroje na druh\u00fd, ani\u017e by to m\u011blo vliv na hudbu (doslovn\u011b \u201eani\u017e by ztratila jedinou notu\u201c). Pozd\u011bji \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b patentovali geni\u00e1ln\u00ed technologii pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho p\u0159estavov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch frekvenc\u00ed (PNPPF), kter\u00e1 zt\u011blesnila zm\u00edn\u011bnou my\u0161lenku vyu\u017eit\u00ed perforovan\u00fdch p\u00e1sek k ochran\u011b r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln p\u0159ed ru\u0161en\u00edm. Stejn\u011b jako pe\u010dliv\u00e9 synchronizace perforovan\u00fdch p\u00e1sek zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed kontinuitu hudby prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch pianech, se r\u00e1diov\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 z jednoho kan\u00e1lu na druh\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tato my\u0161lenka se pozd\u011bji stala z\u00e1kladem jak pro bezpe\u010dnou vojenskou komunikaci, tak pro technologii mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f. V srpnu 1942 z\u00edskala spolu s skladatelem Georgem Antheilem patent \u010d\u00edslo 2 292 387 \u201eTajn\u00fd syst\u00e9m komunikace (Secret Communication System)\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed torp\u00e9d. Hodnota technologie \u201esk\u00e1\u010d\u00edc\u00edch frekvenc\u00ed\u201c byla ocen\u011bna a\u017e mnoho let pot\u00e9. Impulsem k vyn\u00e1lezu byla zpr\u00e1va o potopen\u00e9m evakua\u010dn\u00edm plavidle z 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1940, na kter\u00e9m zahynulo 77 d\u011bt\u00ed. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti v p\u0159esn\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch j\u00ed umo\u017enily reprodukovat mnoh\u00e9 technick\u00e9 detaily hovor\u016f o zbran\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vedl jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed man\u017eel se sv\u00fdmi kolegy.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u011b s Georgem se pustili do vyn\u00e1lezu r\u00e1diov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 torp\u00e9do, jeho\u017e ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit ani ru\u0161it. Lamarrov\u00e1 sd\u00edlela s Antheilem velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou my\u0161lenku: pokud by se vzd\u00e1len\u011b sd\u011blily sou\u0159adnice c\u00edle \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 torp\u00e9dem na jedn\u00e9 frekvenci, nep\u0159\u00edtel by mohl snadno zachytit sign\u00e1l, zablokovat ho nebo p\u0159esm\u011brovat torp\u00e9do na jin\u00fd c\u00edl. Pokud by se v\u0161ak na vys\u00edla\u010di pou\u017e\u00edval n\u00e1hodn\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd by m\u011bnil kan\u00e1l p\u0159enosu, bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 synchronizovat stejn\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echody i na p\u0159\u00edjmu. Takov\u00e1 zm\u011bna komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f zaru\u010duje bezpe\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159enos informac\u00ed. Do t\u00e9 doby se pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy pou\u017e\u00edvaly pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch po nem\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se otev\u0159en\u00fdch kan\u00e1lech. Zde v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k pokroku: tajn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat k rychl\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159enosov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Co
\nSch\u00e9ma z patentu z roku 1942. Obr\u00e1zek: Flickr \/ Floor, \u0161\u00ed\u0159eno pod licenc\u00ed CC BY-SA 2.0. (A figure from the 1942 patent. Image: Flickr\/Floor, distributed under a CC BY-SA 2.0 license.)<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed my\u0161lenka zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho blokov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch raket b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zahrnovala sou\u010dasnou zm\u011bnu r\u00e1diov\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo mo\u017enosti odhalen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu nep\u0159\u00e1teli. Cht\u011bla d\u00e1t sv\u00e9 zemi vojenskou v\u00fdhodu. Zat\u00edmco technologie t\u00e9 doby zprvu neumo\u017enila realizaci my\u0161lenky, vznik tranzistoru a jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zmen\u0161en\u00ed u\u010dinily my\u0161lenku Hedy velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou jak pro vojenskou, tak pro mobiln\u00ed komunikaci.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo projekt tehdy odm\u00edtlo kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti realizace a omezen\u011b se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat a\u017e v roce 1962, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lezci za n\u011bj nedostali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odm\u011bny. Ale po pades\u00e1ti letech se tento patent stal z\u00e1kladem pro komunikaci s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm spektrem, kter\u00e1 se dnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161ude, od mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f po Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n

\u201eSnadno d\u011bl\u00e1m vyn\u00e1lezy,\u201c \u0159\u00edkala Lamarrov\u00e1 ve \u201eBomb\u011b\u201c (\u201eBombshell\u201c). \u201eNemus\u00edm p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o n\u00e1padech, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed samy.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"Co<\/p>\n

Podle nov\u00e9ho dokument\u00e1rn\u00edho filmu o jej\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b je technick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed jej\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm. Film se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eBomba: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Hedy Lamarr\u201c. V n\u011bm se hovo\u0159\u00ed o patentu, kter\u00fd Lamarr podala na technologii p\u0159eskakov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed v roce 1941, co\u017e se stalo p\u0159edch\u016fdcem bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho Wi-Fi, GPS a Bluetooth. Spektrum s p\u0159eskakov\u00e1n\u00edm frekvenc\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f k\u00f3dov\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed (CDMA), kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha technologi\u00edch, je\u017e dnes vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Jednou z prvn\u00edch je GPS, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e kontrolujete svou polohu v aplikaci pro mapy na chytr\u00e9m telefonu. Mobiln\u00ed telefony rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaly CDMA pro telefonn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, a pokud jste n\u011bkdy n\u011bco stahovali p\u0159es 3G s\u00ed\u0165, vyu\u017e\u00edvali jste technologii zalo\u017eenou na vyn\u00e1lezech Lamarr a Antheila. Technologie p\u0159eskakov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed je v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s, je snadn\u00e9 ji p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout, ale vyn\u00e1lez byl obdivuhodn\u00fd a zaslou\u017e\u00ed si respekt za svou kreativitu a vynal\u00e9zavost.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee Lamarr se nedo\u010dkala sl\u00e1vy a odm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 si za sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky zaslou\u017eila. Patent, kter\u00fd podala spole\u010dn\u011b s vyn\u00e1lezcem Georgem Antheilem, m\u011bl za c\u00edl chr\u00e1nit jejich vojensk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez pro r\u00e1diovou komunikaci, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee \u201esk\u00e1kat\u201c z jedn\u00e9 frekvence na druhou, aby nacist\u00e9 nemohli zjistit polohu spojeneck\u00fdch torped. A\u017e dodnes ani Lamarr, ani jej\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed nez\u00edskali ani cent z miliardov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, pro kter\u00fd jej\u00ed my\u0161lenka otev\u0159ela cestu, a\u010dkoli arm\u00e1da USA ve\u0159ejn\u011b uznala jej\u00ed patent na p\u0159eskakov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k technologi\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce Lamarr jako vyn\u00e1lezkyn\u011b byla v 40. letech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Tento p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fd fakt, kter\u00fd podle re\u017eis\u00e9rky \u201eBombshell\u201c a spoluzakladatelky Reframed Pictures Alexandry Deanov\u00e9 zapad\u00e1 do \u00fazk\u00e9ho narativa o filmov\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

Profesor Jan-Kristopher Horak, \u0159editel archivu filmu a televize UCLA, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v \u201eBombshell\u201c, \u017ee \u0159editel studia MGM Louis B. Mayer, kter\u00fd jako prvn\u00ed podepsal hollywoodskou smlouvu s Lamarr, vid\u011bl \u017eeny ve dvou typech: bu\u010f jako sv\u016fdn\u00e9, nebo je bylo t\u0159eba postavit na piedestal a obdivovat je z d\u00e1lky. Profesor Horak se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eena, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1rove\u0148 sexy a \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1, nebyla t\u00edm, koho by Mayer byl ochoten p\u0159ijmout nebo p\u0159edstavit div\u00e1k\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Tento impozantn\u00ed technologick\u00fd pokrok v kombinaci s jej\u00edm hereck\u00fdm talentem a hv\u011bzdn\u00fdm p\u016fvabem u\u010dinil \u201enejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eenu ve filmu\u201c jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejinteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017een v filmov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

\u201eLouis B. Mayer rozd\u011blil sv\u011bt na dva typy \u017een: Madonu a d\u011bvku. Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee kdy v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee byla n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e t\u00edm druh\u00fdm,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Horak ve filmu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u00e1 na mysli Lamarr.<\/p>\n

Doktor Simon Naik, p\u0159edseda odd\u011blen\u00ed brandingu na business school ESSEC v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a b\u00fdval\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Harvard Business School, souhlas\u00ed, \u017ee Hollywood klasifikuje \u017eeny v dvoj\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku. Doktor Naik u\u010d\u00ed \u201eAntropologii mocn\u00e9 zna\u010dky\u201c na ESSEC a je odborn\u00edkem na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch archetyp\u016f v reklam\u011b a m\u00e9di\u00edch.
\nPodle doktora Naika jsou \u017eeny ztv\u00e1r\u0148ov\u00e1ny jako jeden ze t\u0159\u00ed archetyp\u016f: mocn\u00e9 a chytr\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovny, sv\u016fdn\u00e1 princezna nebo femme fatale, kter\u00e1 je kombinac\u00ed obou. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee tyto archetypy sahaj\u00ed do \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologie a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se dodnes k zobrazen\u00ed \u017een v m\u00e9di\u00edch a reklam\u011b. Doktor Naik \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201efemme fatale\u201c je kategorie, do kter\u00e9 zapad\u00e1 kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, brilantn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezkyn\u011b Lamarr, a \u017ee mnohorozm\u011brn\u00e9 \u017eeny \u010dasto vypadaj\u00ed jako velmi ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00bbSiln\u00e1, sexy, ale inteligentn\u00ed \u017eena\u2026 To je opravdu d\u011bsiv\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu kluk\u016f» \u2014 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doktor Naik. \u201eJen ukazuje\u0161, jak slab\u00ed jsme.\u201c<\/p>\n

Doktor Nyke poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee historicky \u017eeny byly v m\u00e9di\u00edch zobrazov\u00e1ny v zastaral\u00fdch, jednostrann\u00fdch r\u00e1mc\u00edch vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch z pohledu mu\u017e\u016f. V t\u011bchto r\u00e1mc\u00edch mnohostrann\u00e9 \u017eeny, jako byla Lamarr, \u010dasto ocen\u00ed pouze za jejich fyzickou str\u00e1nku, nikoli za jejich schopnost myslet, vynal\u00e9zat a tvo\u0159it. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee tyto informace o omezen\u00fdch mo\u017enostech \u017een budou dostupn\u00e9 impozantn\u00edmu publiku po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"Postaven\u00ed \u017een je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako u hra\u010dek,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doktor Nyke. \"Nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo hlasu. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom je probl\u00e9m.\"<\/p>\n

Proto doktor Nyke nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen, \u017ee podnikatelsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost Lamarr v oblasti produkce a re\u017eie film\u016f ve 40. letech nebyla podporov\u00e1na. Nebo \u017ee trvalo desetilet\u00ed, ne\u017e se vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Lamarr za\u010dalo vyv\u00edjet tak, aby j\u00ed bylo d\u00e1no pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed jako vyn\u00e1lezkyni, kterou byla.<\/p>\n

Dcera Lamarr, Denise Loderov\u00e1, je hrd\u00e1 na vynal\u00e9zav\u00e9ho ducha sv\u00e9 matky a pr\u00e1ci, kterou b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry vykon\u00e1vala, aby posunula hranice toho, jak jsou \u017eeny vn\u00edm\u00e1ny. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed matka byla jednou z prvn\u00edch \u017een, kter\u00e9 vlastnily produk\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost a vypr\u00e1v\u011bly p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z \u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fahlu pohledu.<\/p>\n

\"Ona byla tak o krok nap\u0159ed, kdy\u017e se stala feministkou,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Loderov\u00e1 ve filmu \"Bombshell\".
\n(\"Bombshell\"). \"Nikdy ji tak nenaz\u00fdvali, ale rozhodn\u011b j\u00ed byla.\"<\/p>\n

Trvalo to dlouho, ale Lamarr a Antheil jsou nyn\u00ed \u0161iroce uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ni jako vyn\u00e1lezci skokov\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdvoji Wi-Fi, Bluetooth a GPS. V roce 1997, kdy bylo Lamarr 82 let, j\u00ed nadace Electronic Frontier ud\u011blila dv\u011b ceny za dosa\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lamarr si nikdy nemyslela ani nep\u0159ipadala chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho ji odli\u0161ovalo jej\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a n\u00e1zory v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch. Pokl\u00e1dala ot\u00e1zky. Cht\u011bla v\u011bci zlep\u0161it. Vid\u011bla probl\u00e9my a v\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba je vy\u0159e\u0161it. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v jej\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b pova\u017eovali tuto mentalitu za chybnou a \u010dasto ji kritizovali, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 hv\u011bzda. Ale Lamarr d\u011blala p\u0159esn\u011b to, co cht\u011bla, a t\u00edm jednozna\u010dn\u011b vyhr\u00e1vala. A jak vyhr\u00e1la? Jak \u0159ekla v \"Popcornu v r\u00e1ji\": Vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1m, proto\u017ee jsem p\u0159ed lety zjistila, \u017ee v\u017edy prohr\u00e1v\u00e1 ten, kdo se boj\u00ed ztratit pen\u00edze. Je mi to jedno, proto vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Zem\u0159ela o t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd rok ud\u011blila Digital Entertainment Group, americk\u00e1 asociace, kter\u00e1 podporuje a propaguje z\u00e1bavn\u00ed platformy, Ginn\u011b Davis Hedy Lamarr Award za inovace v z\u00e1bavn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu za jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v oblasti genderov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek a m\u00e9di\u00ed. Cena uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bly do z\u00e1bavn\u00edho a technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety se Lamarr stala t\u00e9matem Google Doodle.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee pokud to \u010dtete na sv\u00e9m telefonu, pomyslete na \u017eenu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u011bla k jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nesmlouvav\u00e1 a kategorick\u00e1 povaha Hedy ji znep\u0159\u00e1telila s cel\u00fdm Hollywoodem a u\u010dinila ji osobou non grata v filmov\u00fdch kruz\u00edch. Lamarr se objevovala ve filmech a\u017e do roku 1958, pot\u00e9 se rozhodla na dlouhou dobu odstoupit. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby napsala autobiografii \"Ext\u00e1ze a j\u00e1\" spole\u010dn\u011b se scen\u00e1ristou Leem Gildem a novin\u00e1\u0159em Seymou Rem. Tato kniha, vydan\u00e1 v roce 1966, se stala r\u00e1na pro kari\u00e9ru here\u010dky.<\/p>\n

V d\u00edle se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee d\u00edvka trp\u00ed nimfomani\u00ed a m\u00e1 sex s mu\u017ei i \u017eenami. Tyto podrobnosti vyvolaly bou\u0159liv\u00e9 odsouzen\u00ed v hollywoodsk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Vyn\u00e1lezkyn\u011b pop\u00edrala v\u0161echny skand\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00faryvky knihy a tvrdila, \u017ee je tajn\u011b dopsali jej\u00ed spoluauto\u0159i, ale po skand\u00e1lu j\u00ed u\u017e nikdy nenab\u00eddli hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 role.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se 52let\u00e1 here\u010dka pokusila vr\u00e1tit na pl\u00e1tna, ale tomu zabr\u00e1nila rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 kampa\u0148 proti n\u00ed. Nesmlouvav\u00fd, ostr\u00fd charakter a zvyklost otev\u0159en\u011b vyslovovat nelichotiv\u00fd n\u00e1zor na Hollywood a jeho mravy shrom\u00e1\u017edily kolem here\u010dky mnoho vlivn\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel.<\/p>\n

V roce 1997 byla Lamarr ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ocen\u011bna za sv\u016fj objev, ale here\u010dka se na ceremoni\u00e1l nedostavila a pouze poslala nahr\u00e1vku sv\u00e9ho pozdravn\u00e9ho slova.<\/p>\n

\"Co<\/p>\n

Ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Hedy vedla osam\u011bl\u00fd \u017eivot a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s nik\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edmo nekomunikovala, up\u0159ednost\u0148ovala telefonick\u00e9 rozhovory.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b byla posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta Hedy Lamarr velmi ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1, pln\u00e1 skand\u00e1l\u016f a ohavn\u00e9ho drbectv\u00ed, a velice osam\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Str\u00e1vila je v domov\u011b d\u016fchodc\u016f, kde tak\u00e9 zem\u0159ela ve v\u011bku 86 let.<\/p>\n

Here\u010dka zem\u0159ela v Casselberry na Florid\u011b 19. ledna 2000. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti Lamarr byla srde\u010dn\u00ed choroba. Po jej\u00ed smrti syn Anthony Loder rozpt\u00fdlil jej\u00ed popel v Rakousku, v M\u011bstsk\u00e9m lese.<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bchy Hedy Lamarr a George Antheila byly ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1ny a\u017e v roce 2014: jejich jm\u00e9na byla zaps\u00e1na do N\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b sl\u00e1vy vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f USA (Inventors Hall of Fame).<\/p>\n

Za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos a \u00fasp\u011bchy v kinematografii byla Hedy Lamarr ocen\u011bna hv\u011bzdou na Hollywoodsk\u00e9 chodn\u00edku sl\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n

\"Co<\/p>\n

Na Den narozen\u00ed here\u010dky \u2013 9. listopadu \u2013 se v n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edch slav\u00ed Den vyn\u00e1lezce.<\/p>\n

Zdroje:
\nwww.lady-4-lady.ru\/2018\/07\/26\/hedi-lamarr-aktrisa-soblazn<\/a><\/noindex>
\nru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0425\u0435\u0434\u0438_\u041b\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0440#cite_note-13<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.egalochkina.ru\/hedi-lamarr<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.vokrug.tv\/person\/show\/hedy_lamarr\/#galleryperson20-10<\/a><\/noindex>
\nhochu.ua\/cat-fashion\/ikony-stilya\/article-62536-aktrisa-kotoraya-pridumala-wi-fi-kultovyie-obrazyi-seks-divyi-hedi-lamarr<\/a><\/noindex>
\nmedium.com\/@GeneticJen\/women-in-tech-history-hedy-lamarr-hitler-hollywood-and-wi-fi-6bf688719eb6<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

D\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, 30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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