{"id":35514,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sisadmin-v-neajtishnoj-kompanii-nevynosimaya-tyazhest-bytiya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:46","slug":"sisadmin-v-neajtishnoj-kompanii-nevynosimaya-tyazhest-bytiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sisadmin-v-neajtishnoj-kompanii-nevynosimaya-tyazhest-bytiya","title":{"rendered":"Sysadmin ve firm\u011b mimo IT. Ne\u00fanosn\u00e1 t\u00edha byt\u00ed?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00fdt administr\u00e1torem syst\u00e9mu v mal\u00e9 firm\u011b mimo IT sf\u00e9ru je skute\u010dn\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed. \u0160\u00e9f t\u011b pova\u017euje za zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho, zam\u011bstnanci b\u011bhem \u0161patn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f t\u011b ct\u00ed jako boha s\u00edt\u011b a hardwaru, v dobr\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch jsi milovn\u00edk piva a videoher, \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed t\u011b vid\u00ed jako aplikaci k 1C, a cel\u00e1 firma je v podstat\u011b ovlada\u010dem pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou pr\u00e1ci tisk\u00e1ren. Zat\u00edmco sn\u00ed\u0161 o dobr\u00e9m Cisco, nikoli o kroucen\u00ed-kartonku Yota pro organizaci firemn\u00edho hotspotu, oni ti u\u017e systematicky p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e: virus z dom\u00e1c\u00ed sb\u00edrky, ne\u0161ikovn\u00e9 ruce zamotan\u00e9 do kabelu (nebo naopak), hran\u00ed na pracovn\u00edm serveru, neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed Photoshop a stahov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu, abys ho mohl sledovat v z\u00e1cp\u011b. \u00c1, a je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b po\u017e\u00e1dali, abys opravil rychlovarnou konvici. Tady nen\u00ed \u010das na Kubernetes a DevOps \u2014 p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, udr\u017eet se a vyj\u00edt z tohoto raidu jako boss. Ach, ne, splnit KPI a nezem\u0159\u00edt. Alegorick\u00e9? Nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 pravdiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/regionsoft\/blog\/456818\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sysadmin ve firm\u011b mimo IT. Ne\u00fanosn\u00e1 t\u00edha byt\u00ed?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/772639f894ea4fb18abd411e900523aa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Firmy mimo IT: kluci jsou v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nMal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky mimo IT \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdhod IT sektoru opatrn\u011b, na rychlo a s velk\u00fdm skepticismem \u2014 co kdy\u017e ten software na tom divn\u00e9m serveru nap\u00e1ch\u00e1 mal\u00e9ry, a pak to mus\u00edme ukl\u00edzet a opravovat kabely\u2026 A p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b se vztahy se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi administr\u00e1tory vyv\u00edjej\u00ed velmi r\u016fzn\u011b a pr\u00e1v\u011b oni ur\u010duj\u00ed, jak efektivn\u00ed je spole\u010dnost, jak p\u0159istupuje k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f a zda m\u016f\u017ee na trhu v\u016fbec p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Vyp\u00ed\u0161eme mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinace.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve firm\u011b nen\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, ve\u0161kerou pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fd technik volan\u00fd na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou ohro\u017een\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e1: v\u00fdpadky v pracovn\u00edch procesech, nadm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 chaosem a \u010dasto i nal\u00e9havost\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed d\u00edry, absence IT infrastruktury jako takov\u00e9. V podstat\u011b plat\u00ed princip \u201eka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m sob\u011b administr\u00e1tor\u201c, a o technice p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme jen p\u0159i v\u00fdpadku telefonie nebo internetu. \n<\/li>\n<li>Ve firm\u011b je vlast\u00ed technik na pln\u00fd \u00favazek \u2014 student, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed administr\u00e1tor nebo velmi ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na pe\u010dlivosti a z\u00e1jmu odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 osoby, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou se to omezuje pouze na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed IT proces\u016f ve firm\u011b. O infrastruktu\u0159e se zpravidla nemluv\u00ed. \n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sysadmin ve firm\u011b mimo IT. Ne\u00fanosn\u00e1 t\u00edha byt\u00ed?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/23df8c4ff0b1c2f54cfc1fda18b52007.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Spr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159ipravte chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ve spole\u010dnosti je program\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 i syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem. <\/b>Varianta je o n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed, alespo\u0148 z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee program\u00e1tor se snadno vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 s nastaven\u00edm, konfigurac\u00ed a dokonce i \u00fapravou firemn\u00edho softwaru (nap\u0159\u00edklad 1C nebo CRM) a jako v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 automatizuje svou \u010dinnost pomoc\u00ed skript\u016f, p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fdch soubor\u016f atd. Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v takov\u00e9 situaci je p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je povrchn\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed administr\u00e1tora (jako by se dalo \u0159\u00edct, pro\u010d by m\u011bl s l\u00e1skou budovat topologii mal\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro firmu, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 hromadu \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed na export dat nebo \u00fapravu dal\u0161\u00edho firemn\u00edho softwaru? Funguje to, nezhrout\u00ed se \u2014 a hotovo, a\u0165 pod\u011bkuj\u00ed.). \n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ve spole\u010dnosti nen\u00ed administra\u010dn\u00ed pracovn\u00edk, ale byla podeps\u00e1na smlouva s outsourcingovou firmou. <\/b>To je slu\u0161n\u00e1 varianta pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky: zku\u0161en\u00ed lid\u00e9 (za jist\u00e9 nebudete \u0161et\u0159it a hledat outsourcera podle inzer\u00e1tu na schodi\u0161ti?) odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za IT infrastrukturu, zat\u00edmco vy sed\u00edte na pau\u0161\u00e1lu a voln\u011b d\u00fdch\u00e1te (nebo sed\u00edte na jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch hodinov\u00fdch platb\u00e1ch a d\u00fdch\u00e1te u\u017e ne tak voln\u011b). Je tu spousta v\u00fdhod: rychlost, zku\u0161enosti, nejlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, odpov\u011bdnost. Nev\u00fdhod nen\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b: drah\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b vymezen\u00fd objem pr\u00e1ce (o n\u011bco v\u00edce \u2014 pla\u0165), vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb a softwaru (nap\u0159\u00edklad byste pot\u0159ebovali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regionsoft.ru\/\">RegionSoft CRM<\/a><\/noindex>, proto\u017ee jsou pro v\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed procesy, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, KPI a prvn\u00ed data, ale prodaj\u00ed v\u00e1m Romashka CRM bez toho v\u0161eho, proto\u017ee LLC \u201eRomashka-Soft\u201c odv\u00e1d\u00ed outsourcerovi dealersk\u00fd procento), p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eky za nal\u00e9havost p\u0159i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech a za slo\u017eitost p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch ve spole\u010dnosti.\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ve spole\u010dnosti pracuje dobr\u00fd, zku\u0161en\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor \u00farovn\u011b CIO <\/b>\u2014 \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti rozvoj cel\u00e9 IT infrastruktury. Je to logick\u00e9 a pohodln\u00e9, ale pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Je v\u017edy k dispozici, cel\u00e1 infrastruktura je v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b, nese odpov\u011bdnost za fyzickou a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, aktivn\u011b se zapojuje do obchodn\u00edch proces\u016f a vnit\u0159n\u011b v\u00ed, jak optimalizovat n\u00e1klady a co firma skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje. P\u0159esto veden\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch firem z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu pova\u017euje udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora za n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zapom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee neplat\u00ed jen tak, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 investuj\u00ed do spolehlivosti vybaven\u00ed a softwaru, bezpe\u010dnosti, dostupnosti rychl\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed incident\u016f, kvalifikovan\u00e9 komunikace s dodavateli, absence probl\u00e9m\u016f s licencov\u00e1n\u00edm a podobn\u011b. V IT sf\u00e9\u0159e to ch\u00e1pou mnohem l\u00e9pe (k spravedlnosti \u2014 ne v\u017edy).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sysadmin ve firm\u011b mimo IT. Ne\u00fanosn\u00e1 t\u00edha byt\u00ed?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/87f1ce623654075229174382653a518d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV takov\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch v\u0161ak existuje \u0159ada probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it, jinak se m\u016f\u017eete dostat k nepl\u00e1novan\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm, pokut\u00e1m nebo neefektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obt\u00ed\u017ee s organizac\u00ed infrastruktury \u2014 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet rovnov\u00e1hu mezi po\u017eadavky, kvalitou, \u00fasporami a pohodl\u00edm. P\u0159itom veden\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee IT pova\u017eovat za m\u00f3dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost, nikoli za nezbytn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj.\n<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na techniku. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b, n\u00e1kup techniky, server\u016f, obnova park\u016f pracovn\u00edch stroj\u016f \u2014 to je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v\u00fddajov\u00e1 polo\u017eka pro malou firmu.\n<\/li>\n<li>Obt\u00ed\u017ee s implementac\u00ed a podporou podnikov\u00fdch software. Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt vnit\u0159n\u00ed odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m s t\u00edm pomohou spr\u00e1vn\u011b, v souladu s po\u017eadavky a obchodn\u00edmi procesy (kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nemus\u00ed existovat).\n<\/li>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e1 rychlost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f: bu\u010f dodavatel \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 pen\u00edze za urgentnost, nebo je administr\u00e1tor p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een \u00fakoly, nebo jsou probl\u00e9my odhaleny se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. A pokud je pot\u0159eba n\u011bjak\u00fd zdroj hledat, p\u0159ijde v\u00e1m to jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 zdr\u017een\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMimochodem, ihned si ujasn\u011bme, co se t\u00fd\u010de outsourcingu, aby to nikdo nepova\u017eoval za kouzelnou pilulku na v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n<h2>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor nebo outsourcing \u2014 co je lep\u0161\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>\nOt\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 tr\u00e1p\u00ed mnoho firem. Pokusili jsme se analyzovat ceny a ud\u011blat z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u0161li jsme weby moskevsk\u00fdch IT outsourcer\u016f standardn\u00ed kategorie (ne velc\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00ed integr\u00e1to\u0159i ani renomovan\u00e9 firmy), spo\u010d\u00edtali jsme na jejich kalkula\u010dk\u00e1ch pr\u016fm\u011brnou cenu za povinnosti administr\u00e1tora na z\u00e1klad\u011b konfigurace 15 osob a 1 serveru. Rozp\u011bt\u00ed bylo obrovsk\u00e9, od 6300 do \u201ewow, t\u00edm se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1me\u201c, ale pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena za m\u011bs\u00edc vy\u0161la na 19 700 rubl\u016f se 2 pl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi v\u00fdjezdy, minim\u00e1ln\u011b podle 1C. Medi\u00e1n platu sysadmina podle slu\u017eby \u201eM\u016fj Kruh\u201c je 70 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f, podle \u00fadaj\u016f Trud.com \u2014 35 \u2014 50 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f, na\u0161imi \u00fadaji pro danou oblast \u2014 40 \u2014 50 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f. Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se na um\u00edrn\u011bn\u011b optimistick\u00fdch 60 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f. V norm\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci je 176 pracovn\u00edch hodin, celkem 340 rubl\u016f\/hod. \u201ePro\u010d po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te hodiny, kdy\u017e je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee 60 000 je v\u00edc ne\u017e 19 700?!\u201c \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 si pomysl\u00ed n\u011bkdo z \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f. A pro\u010d tedy. Pokud z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek slu\u017eeb p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my firmy, u outsourcer\u016f je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena \u2014 1 200 rubl\u016f\/hod za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby a 1 800 rubl\u016f\/hod za serverov\u00e9 (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u v\u0161ech s podm\u00ednkou minim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 hodiny). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee outsourcer je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u017e do prvn\u00edho nestandardn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu (kter\u00fd se obvykle brzy objev\u00ed). <\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho outsourcer s vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed nebude schopen nebo bude za p\u0159\u00edplatek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shroma\u017e\u010fovat po\u017eadavky a komunikovat s dodavatelem p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed podnikov\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed;\n<\/li>\n<li>pracovat s periferi\u00ed, spot\u0159ebn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem a ka\u017ed\u00fdm flash diskem;\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0159e\u0161it r\u016fzn\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 \u00fakoly a h\u00e1dat se s poskytovatelem ohledn\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed SLA;\n<\/li>\n<li>pom\u00e1hat zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm s osobn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami a, co\u017e je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, managementu;\n<\/li>\n<li>nejen prov\u00e1d\u011bt z\u00e1lohy, ale tak\u00e9 je testovat;\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my s bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, pokud nastanou v d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00e9ho faktoru nebo jsou d\u016fsledkem protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVe skute\u010dnosti tento seznam lze snadno roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it, proto\u017ee outsourceri v\u011bt\u0161inu slu\u017eeb vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako \u201enad r\u00e1mec bal\u00ed\u010dku\u201c, a bylo by zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed je za to soudit \u2014 jen podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor ve firm\u011b je profesion\u00e1l, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1 celou infrastrukturu, zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost, pracuje s u\u017eivateli a m\u016f\u017eete se ho pt\u00e1t, proto\u017ee nese profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho mus\u00edte prom\u011bnit v otroka lampy serveru a s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sysadmin ve firm\u011b mimo IT. Ne\u00fanosn\u00e1 t\u00edha byt\u00ed?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/c2f242b430a0d5491ae1767ac2c17fed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><i>A m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed prstenu moci.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na to, co zahrnuje \u00fakoly syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora ve firm\u011b mimo IT v mal\u00e9m a st\u0159edn\u00edm podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Povinnost spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu ve firm\u011b<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Opravdu je povinen<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zaji\u0161\u0165ovat s\u00ed\u0165ovou a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost. Jako v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 citliv\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek bezpe\u010dnosti, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/regionsoft.ru\/\">CRM syst\u00e9my<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u00edme o probl\u00e9mu z prvn\u00ed ruky. To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b t\u00e9ma cel\u00e9ho h\u0159ebenu \"Informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\", ale obecn\u011b existuje n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je t\u0159eba nastavit bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky u\u017eivatel\u016f a zajistit \"ochranu p\u0159ed hlup\u00e1ky\", aby se minimalizoval vliv zam\u011bstnanc\u016f na IT syst\u00e9m. D\u00e1le by m\u011bly b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bny obchodn\u00ed \u00fadaje, datab\u00e1ze klient\u016f a procesy: nastavit firewall, pou\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9my detekce vniknut\u00ed atd. V korpor\u00e1tn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, jako jsou CRM, je nutn\u00e9 nastavit rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, zajistit z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrolu z\u00e1loh, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby pou\u017e\u00edt dodate\u010dn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad fyzick\u00fd USB kl\u00ed\u010d pro p\u0159\u00edstup atd. Samostatn\u00fdm obrovsk\u00fdm \u00fakolem je spr\u00e1va hesel a p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ke v\u0161em syst\u00e9m\u016fm, antispamov\u00e1 ochrana e-mailu, antiviry atd. Abychom nic nevynechali, na\u010drtn\u011bte celou s\u00ed\u0165, ozna\u010dte slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed mezery a p\u0159istupte k jejich ochran\u011b. A jako ban\u00e1ln\u00ed rada: pamatujte, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed d\u00edra v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed sed\u00ed p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm monitorem.\n<\/li>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159et funk\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159skou IT infrastrukturu. Infrastruktura by m\u011bla b\u00fdt soudr\u017en\u00e1, odoln\u00e1, stabiln\u00ed. Nem\u011bla by to b\u00fdt souhrn rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch stroj\u016f, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a s\u00edt\u00ed \u2014 a to z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti proto, \u017ee logickou a jednotnou strukturu je snaz\u0161\u00ed spravovat, monitorovat a administrativn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit.\n<\/li>\n<li>Podporovat cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. To pouze dodavatel\u00e9 cloudov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee \"nastav\u00edte a zapomenete\". Ne, pokud jste ochotni uchov\u00e1vat sv\u00e1 data v ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m cloudu, tak ano, tak to je \u2014 m\u00e1te pouze rozhran\u00ed (pokud je pronaj\u00edm\u00e1te). Ale cloud vy\u017eaduje spr\u00e1vu, nastaven\u00ed, zabezpe\u010den\u00ed (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed). Proto je lep\u0161\u00ed vybrat si sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed cloudov\u00fd server, nastavit politiky a konfiguraci podle sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb a pot\u00e9 implementovat slu\u017eby. \n<\/li>\n<li>Podporovat u\u017eivatele a \u0159e\u0161it jejich technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor by m\u011bl vytv\u00e1\u0159et a nastavovat u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 profily p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, spravovat politiky, ukon\u010dovat nebo archivovat z\u00e1znamy po odchodu zam\u011bstnance. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu pr\u00e1ce je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 (v mnoha ohledech kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9) pracovat s incidenty, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v n\u011bjak\u00e9m ticket syst\u00e9mu, aby byly v\u0161echny znalosti a \u00fadaje uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny centralizovan\u011b a \u00fakoly a probl\u00e9my byly pops\u00e1ny co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji. \n<\/li>\n<li>Pl\u00e1novat rozvoj infrastruktury a poskytovat \u00fadaje pro rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed (rozpo\u010dtovat s\u00e1m). To je nezbytn\u00fd bod, proto\u017ee jak\u00e9koli v\u00fddaje pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky (\u010dti \u2014 majitele) jsou velmi citliv\u00e9. \u010c\u00edm prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a racionalizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budete p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dtu rozpo\u010dtu, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00edte veden\u00ed a modernizujete infrastrukturu. I kdy\u017e nen\u00ed smutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu na sv\u011bt\u011b ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o zam\u00edtnut\u00e9m rozpo\u010dtu \ud83d\ude42\n<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eovat nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd provoz internetu, IP telefonie a telefonie (je-li po\u017eadov\u00e1no), vytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b, pokud to budete d\u011blat s pou\u017eit\u00edm profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch sm\u011brova\u010d\u016f, proto\u017ee to je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, stabiln\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku a v dobr\u00e9m stavu, zaji\u0161\u0165ovat minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fd z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed fond. Ot\u00e1zka vybaven\u00ed v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u017edy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1: mus\u00ed skv\u011ble fungovat, b\u00fdt profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed, vydr\u017eet z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e (mal\u00fd reklamn\u00ed podnik m\u016f\u017ee na jedno prim\u00e1rn\u00ed dokladov\u00e1n\u00ed zni\u010dit tisk\u00e1rnu b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f), m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u011b modern\u00ed parametry, aby plnil aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakoly (ano, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 kupovat server HPE, ale v\u0161echny specifikace by m\u011bly odpov\u00eddat aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu roku, a nikoli b\u00fdt pou\u017eit\u00e9 z roku 2008, i kdy\u017e v z\u00e1sad\u011b modern\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9 servery jsou dobr\u00e1 volba). Sna\u017ete se ne\u0161et\u0159it na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9m vybaven\u00ed a vyb\u00edrejte za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed business t\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00e9 vydr\u017e\u00ed 3-5 let. Pokud zakoup\u00edte \"dom\u00e1c\u00ed\" verze, m\u016f\u017eete platit v\u00edce d\u00edky \u010dast\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b. Vytvo\u0159te z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed fond na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u010dtu incident\u016f a amortizace, abyste p\u0159ede\u0161li prostoj\u016fm v pr\u00e1ci. I kdy\u017e op\u011bt v\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rozpo\u010dtu: z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed fond je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prosadit, kdy\u017e \"no, p\u0159ece jen to funguje\". \u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>Nakupujte a uchov\u00e1vejte periferie a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l v objemu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9m pro bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd provoz. Drobnosti, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u016fkladn\u011b dohl\u00ed\u017eet.\n<\/li>\n<li>Spolupracujte s dodavatelem b\u011bhem implementace softwaru. Jak ukazuje na\u0161e zku\u0161enost s implementac\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regionsoft.ru\/\">RegionSoft CRM<\/a><\/noindex>, administr\u00e1tor dodavateli nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy partnerem \u2014 kdo by cht\u011bl na palubu br\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00ed kritick\u00fd obchodn\u00ed software, nav\u00edc \u0161kolit zam\u011bstnance a pracovat na implementaci s in\u017een\u00fdry a podobn\u011b. Av\u0161ak m\u011blo by to b\u00fdt naopak: za prv\u00e9, automatizujete sv\u00e9 u\u017eivatele a vyhnete se \u010d\u00e1sti rutinn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, za druh\u00e9, z\u00edsk\u00e1te n\u00e1stroj na ochranu z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a za\u010dnete sp\u00e1t klidn\u011bji, za t\u0159et\u00ed, je to dal\u0161\u00ed dovednost a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby udr\u017e\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci, proto\u017ee bez Wordu nebo bez e-mailu bez spamu by u\u017eivatel\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u011b fungovali, ale bez CRM by jejich pr\u00e1ce spadla zp\u011bt do doby kamenn\u00e9 (dobr\u00e1, vtipkujeme, jen zase skon\u010d\u00edme s hromadou rutinn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a nebezpe\u010d\u00edm z pohledu z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny).\n<\/li>\n<li>Zaji\u0161\u0165ujte licen\u010dn\u00ed \u010distotu a v\u010dasn\u00e9 aktualizace cel\u00e9ho softwarov\u00e9ho portfolia, optimalizujte po\u010det pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch licenc\u00ed podle obchodn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Tady je to jednoduch\u00e9: pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 licence by nem\u011bly existovat, nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 licence by nem\u011bly existovat. Pokud vedouc\u00ed trv\u00e1 na neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm softwaru, zkuste mu uk\u00e1zat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed praxi, vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o v\u00fd\u0161\u00edch pokut a p\u0159\u00edpadech uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed. Obvykle to zap\u016fsob\u00ed na prvn\u00ed dobrou. \n<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentujte svou pr\u00e1ci. V t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti je mnoho c\u00edl\u016f: p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm (bohu\u017eel nebo k na\u0161emu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, d\u0159\u00edve nebo pozd\u011bji p\u0159erostete svou pozici), odkazov\u00e1n\u00ed na sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, syst\u00e9m evidov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky dokumentaci budete moci zkr\u00e1tit \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, analyzovat svou pr\u00e1ci a nau\u010d\u00edte se p\u0159edpov\u00eddat a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Mimochodem, dokumentace vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je tak\u00e9 skv\u011bl\u00fd dokument, abyste uk\u00e1zali svou skute\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci.\n<\/li>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte z\u00e1lohy. Tento bod obvykle vy\u010dle\u0148ujeme jako samostatn\u00fd, a\u010dkoli je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Ale z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu si na n\u011bj nikdo nevzpome\u0148te nebo je vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a \"odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na poli\u010dku\", co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u011b \u0161patn\u011b. Je nutn\u00e9 nastavit periodi\u010dnost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1loh, vypracovat strategii z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a testovat z\u00e1lohy. Jinak, pova\u017eujte, \u017ee jste je d\u011blali bez jak\u00e9hokoli z\u00e1ruky. N\u011bkdy jsme narazili na skv\u011blou formulaci: \"Pokud nezkou\u0161\u00edte z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed kopie, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed kopie nem\u00e1te.\" Stoj\u00ed za to to vytisknout a pov\u011bsit na viditeln\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0160kolit zam\u011bstnance, vysv\u011btlovat pravidla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed komponent infrastruktury, poskytovat vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00ed a fyzick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nObecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee dobr\u00fd sysadmin je zast\u00e1ncem automatizace, nikoli bojem proti n\u00ed. Odtud za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 profesionalita.<\/p>\n<h3>Nen\u00ed to v\u016fbec jeho povinnost (i kdy\u017e to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt).<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00fdt posl\u00ed\u010dkem a vykon\u00e1vat sekret\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 povinnosti: objedn\u00e1vat j\u00eddlo a vodu, \u010distit chladi\u010de, objedn\u00e1vat formul\u00e1\u0159e, p\u0159ij\u00edmat a odes\u00edlat pap\u00edrovou po\u0161tu, zpracov\u00e1vat dokumenty na souhlas, telefonovat z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Opravit k\u00e1vovar, bicykl market\u00e9ra, auto prodejce, um\u00fdt cappuccinator, vym\u011bnit kohoutky, odstra\u0148ovat ucp\u00e1n\u00ed atd.\n<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fdt program\u00e1torem a upravovat nebo vyv\u00edjet software, kter\u00fd nesouvis\u00ed s jeho \u010dinnost\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0158\u00eddit ukl\u00edze\u010dky, st\u011bhov\u00e1ky, sklad a skladn\u00edky a dal\u0161\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0158e\u0161it osobn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f (oprava a nastaven\u00ed osobn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed fotografi\u00ed, stahov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru a knih).\n<\/li>\n<li>Zajistit podnikov\u00fd catering pro osobn\u00ed pot\u0159eby zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNo a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b existuje hrani\u010dn\u00ed povinnost \u2013 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. Ano, v mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firm\u00e1ch, kdy neexistuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eba, jsou jej\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159eneseny na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. <\/p>\n<h2>Co dost\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor v ne-IT firm\u011b?<\/h2>\n<p>\nNa nervy. Na mozek. R\u00e1ny. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plat na trhu. Dne\u0161n\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory pro\u0161el velk\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami: je mo\u017en\u00e9 se nau\u010dit mikroslu\u017eby, Docker, Kubernetes, DevOps, DevSecOps, z\u00edskat praxi a dos\u00e1hnout vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjmu. Tak stoj\u00ed za to za\u010d\u00ednat v mal\u00e9m, nav\u00edc v ne-IT firm\u011b? Nen\u00ed to kari\u00e9rn\u00ed sebevra\u017eda?<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Pr\u00e1ce v takov\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech poskytuje neocenitelnou dovednost \u2014 celkov\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Nezam\u011b\u0159ujete se jen na sv\u016fj \u00fazk\u00fd okruh povinnost\u00ed, ale proch\u00e1z\u00edte rozs\u00e1hlou prax\u00ed a vid\u00edte v\u0161echny procesy v souvislosti s IT infrastrukturou, vlastn\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00edte na stran\u011b klienta, co\u017e v\u00e1m v budoucnu poskytne obrovskou v\u00fdhodu jako specialistovi. \n<\/li>\n<li>V men\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnostech neexistuj\u00ed standardy \u2014 nebudou v\u00e1s nutit tr\u00e1pit se s ISO, ps\u00e1t nekone\u010dn\u00e9 formul\u00e1\u0159e a p\u0159edpisy, pracovat na p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9m vybaven\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze ty poskytovatele, kter\u00e9 doporu\u010duje technick\u00fd \u0159editel, atd.\n<\/li>\n<li>M\u016f\u017eete si dovolit ur\u010dit\u00e9 experimenty (ale ne v pracovn\u00ed dob\u011b a ne na \u017eiv\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu) a vyzkou\u0161et n\u011bjak\u00e9 sch\u00e9mata a novinky, kter\u00e9 jste sami navrhli. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed firmy to t\u011b\u017eko schvaluj\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Osobn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1te za cel\u00fd komplex softwaru a hardwaru, pokr\u00fdv\u00e1te v\u0161echny \u00fakoly a rozum\u00edte v\u0161em souvislostem. \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Nev\u00fdhody<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Povinnosti syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora se \u010dasto kombinuj\u00ed s povinnostmi podpory.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u010casto vznikaj\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakoly: p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, \u00fakoly ostrahy a vide monitoring.\n<\/li>\n<li>Existuje kari\u00e9rn\u00ed strop: r\u016fst v podstat\u011b nen\u00ed kam, budete se rozv\u00edjet v r\u00e1mci obchodn\u00edch pot\u0159eb spole\u010dnosti, ale neosvoj\u00edte si nov\u00e9 horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti, pokud nebudou po\u017eadov\u00e1ny spole\u010dnost\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nCelkov\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o zaj\u00edmav\u00fd start a zaj\u00edmavou pr\u00e1ci pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 specialisty, proto byste nem\u011bli opom\u00edjet takov\u00e9 pozice: konkurence je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a budouc\u00ed dovednosti cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to je komplexn\u00ed praxe, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m prosp\u011bje ve va\u0161\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Nelze opomenout d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd aspekt \u2014 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed. Kdy\u017e vedouc\u00ed nezasahuje do IT ot\u00e1zek a nepova\u017euje je za investici, ale za n\u00e1klad, pr\u00e1ce je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 \u2014 n\u011bkdy se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se bijete o panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e9 sklo. Je pot\u0159eba mluvit jeho jazykem \u2014 jazykem zisk\u016f. Zam\u011bstnanci v takov\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch pak administr\u00e1tory miluj\u00ed \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>A je\u0161t\u011b jedna rada z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho a smutn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b spravedliv\u00e1 rada. Pokud n\u011bjak\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec aktivn\u011b pln\u00ed va\u0161e povinnosti, sna\u017ete se tento proces p\u0159eru\u0161it. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed se v\u017edy sna\u017e\u00ed o optimalizaci a m\u016f\u017ee se rozhodnout p\u0159estat spolupracovat se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem. Mimochodem, m\u016f\u017eete se dohodnout a nab\u00eddnout sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby na outsourcing, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed podnik. <\/p>\n<p><i><b>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/b> V jedn\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti byl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd se odpov\u011bdn\u011b v\u011bnoval administrativn\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm a byl skute\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. V n\u011bjak\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se rozhodl vyhnat administr\u00e1tora komer\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby (billing, platby, generace licenc\u00ed, nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed testovac\u00edch a demo st\u00e1nk\u016f) - dok\u00e1zal p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u0159editele, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraven p\u0159evz\u00edt povinnosti kolegy za 50 % jeho platu, za\u010dal ho \u0161pehovat na mali\u010dkostech, sledoval, zda sed\u00ed u sebe nebo v j\u00eddeln\u011b. Zam\u011bstnanci jej podpo\u0159ili, ale nakonec byl propu\u0161t\u011bn. V\u00edt\u011bz v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 dlouho nevydr\u017eel - jeho pr\u00e1ce se znateln\u011b zhor\u0161ila a nakonec byl tak\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn. I veden\u00ed se v\u0161ak nic nenau\u010dilo: povinnosti byly rozpt\u00fdleny mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a testery, a nakonec na velk\u00e9 sch\u016fzce partner\u016f \u010dekal sp\u00e1len\u00fd projektor, p\u00e1d s\u00edt\u011b a neplacen\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro webin\u00e1\u0159e. <\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Co pou\u017e\u00edvat v pr\u00e1ci a co je nezbytn\u00e9 ud\u011blat?<\/h2>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed soubor n\u00e1stroj\u016f, s nimi\u017e r\u00e1d pracuje, a proto nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 sestavit n\u011bjak\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed seznam. Pojmenujme n\u011bkolik n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed nebo ze kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba vybrat n\u011bco vlastn\u00edho. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury - existuj\u00ed placen\u00e9 i open-source varianty, hlavn\u011b aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u011b monitorovat s\u00ed\u0165, u\u017eivatele, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a stav softwaru (n\u011bco jako ITSM syst\u00e9m). Pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed s webovou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed je komplexn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed podnikatelskou pot\u0159ebou, proto\u017ee selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu sni\u017euje p\u0159\u00edjmy.\n<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m registrace po\u017eadavk\u016f a incident\u016f (ticketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m) \u2014 syst\u00e9m, do kter\u00e9ho budou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 (zam\u011bstnanci) vkl\u00e1dat probl\u00e9my a \u00fakoly, a vy budete moci zaznamen\u00e1vat f\u00e1ze, \u010das, prost\u0159edky a v\u00fdsledek pr\u00e1ce. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e1me vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed s webov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm. Syst\u00e9m dokumentuje, jak\u00e9 po\u017eadavky byly p\u0159ijaty, kdy a k\u00fdm. Tak\u00e9 dokumentuje klientsk\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee po\u017eadavek byl spln\u011bn. Na internetu najdete mnoho podobn\u00fdch placen\u00fdch a bezplatn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Notepad ++ \u2014 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pozn\u00e1mkov\u00fd blok s zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00edm syntaxe pro konfiguraci, k\u00f3d, skripty atd. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed editor.\n<\/li>\n<li>Wireshark \u2014 program pro anal\u00fdzu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho provozu pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b Ethernet. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 analyzovat v\u0161echny pakety, vyhled\u00e1vat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, odhalovat anom\u00e1lie a zachyt\u00e1vat dumpy. \n<\/li>\n<li>Nastavte syst\u00e9m inventarizace s\u00edt\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad Spiceworks) \u2014 ten nav\u00edc pom\u016f\u017ee sledovat incidenty a podez\u0159el\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.\n<\/li>\n<li>Je dobr\u00e9 prozkoumat mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed skript\u016f pro automatizaci \u00fakol\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1torstv\u00ed: Bash, Perl, Python, PowerShell. To uvoln\u00ed spoustu \u010dasu, zejm\u00e9na pokud doch\u00e1z\u00ed ve firm\u011b k \u010dast\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m nebo roste (m\u011bn\u00ed se nebo zvy\u0161uje po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f), jsou obchodn\u00ed \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na stavu komponenty infrastruktury (nastaven\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edny, z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.).\n<\/li>\n<li>Pokud instalujete extern\u00ed obchodn\u00ed software, zeptejte se dodavatele na mo\u017enosti a zp\u016fsoby integrace, administrace a spr\u00e1vy nov\u00e9ho software. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u n\u00e1s v RegionSoft m\u00e1me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regionsoft.ru\/loader.php?src=appsrv\">RegionSoft Application Server<\/a><\/noindex> pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch skript\u016f, z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed podle pl\u00e1nu, v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat atd. Application Server \u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu funk\u010dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f pro CRM syst\u00e9m a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161uje administraci.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMimochodem, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te vy? Pod\u011blte se o sv\u016fj z\u00e1\u017eitek v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor u\u017e nen\u00ed jen chl\u00e1pek s bradkou v svetru, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 Baltiku pod stolem. Dnes je to pr\u016fvodce spole\u010dnosti do sv\u011bta efektivity, rychl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a dlouhodob\u00e9ho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f. Je to zam\u011bstnanec, na kter\u00e9m se nevyplat\u00ed \u0161et\u0159it, a profesion\u00e1l, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le roste (jinak za rok nebude v\u011bd\u011bt, kde je). A proto je \u010das zapomenout na vtipy s ba\u0161orgem a rozv\u00edjet IT infrastrukturu, abyste byli o dva kroky nap\u0159ed a z\u00edskali trh, z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a zisk pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm kamennou sekyrou. U\u017e se ho nikdo neboj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Od 10. do 23. \u010dervna prob\u00edh\u00e1 na\u0161e akce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regionsoft.ru\/loader.php?src=discount\/discount_2019_06\">\u00ab<b>13 let RegionSoft CRM. 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