{"id":35585,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/misrosoft-otkryl-kod-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-mimalloc\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:11","slug":"misrosoft-otkryl-kod-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-mimalloc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/misrosoft-otkryl-kod-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-mimalloc","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft otev\u0159el k\u00f3d syst\u00e9mu pro rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti mimalloc","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost Microsoft uvolnila pod licenc\u00ed MIT knihovnu mimalloc<\/a><\/noindex> s implementac\u00ed syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti, p\u016fvodn\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho pro runtime komponenty jazyk\u016f Koka<\/a><\/noindex> a Lean<\/a><\/noindex>. Mimalloc je p\u0159izp\u016fsoben k pou\u017eit\u00ed v standardn\u00edch aplikac\u00edch bez nutnosti m\u011bnit jejich k\u00f3d a m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako transparentn\u00ed n\u00e1hrada za funkci malloc. Podporov\u00e1no na Windows, macOS, Linuxu, BSD a dal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mech podobn\u00fdch Unixu.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou mimalloc je kompaktnost implementace (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3500 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du) a velmi vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon. V prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch testech<\/a><\/noindex> mimalloc p\u0159ekonal v\u00fdkonem v\u0161echny konkuren\u010dn\u00ed knihovny spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti, v\u010detn\u011b jemalloc<\/a><\/noindex>, tcmalloc<\/a><\/noindex>, snmalloc<\/a><\/noindex>, rpmalloc<\/a><\/noindex> a Hoard<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Pro hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu byl pou\u017eit soubor ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch standardn\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> V n\u011bkter\u00fdch testech mimalloc p\u0159ed\u010dil jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t, nap\u0159\u00edklad v testu migrace objekt\u016f mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny byl mimalloc rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tcmalloc a jemalloc v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,5kr\u00e1t. V\u011bt\u0161inou se tak\u00e9 pozoruje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch situac\u00edch se poda\u0159ilo sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu pam\u011bti o 25%.<\/p>\n

\"Microsoft<\/center><\/p>\n

Vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon je dosa\u017een p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky aplikaci segmentace seznamu voln\u00fdch blok\u016f (free list sharding). M\u00edsto jednoho velk\u00e9ho seznamu mimalloc pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 d\u011blen\u00ed na s\u00e9rii men\u0161\u00edch seznam\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd je p\u0159ipojen k str\u00e1nce pam\u011bti. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup sni\u017euje fragmentaci a zvy\u0161uje lokalizaci dat v pam\u011bti. Pod str\u00e1nkou pam\u011bti se rozum\u00ed seskupen\u00e1 sada blok\u016f bl\u00edzk\u00fdch velikost\u00ed. Na 64bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je velikost str\u00e1nky obvykle 64 kB. Pokud na str\u00e1nce nez\u016fstanou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obsazen\u00e9 bloky, je cel\u00e1 uvoln\u011bna n\u00e1vratem pam\u011bti opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na pam\u011b\u0165 a fragmentaci v dlouhodob\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch programech.<\/p>\n

Knihovnu lze p\u0159ipojit p\u0159i f\u00e1zi propojen\u00ed nebo ji na\u010d\u00edst pro ji\u017e sestaven\u00fd program («LD_PRELOAD=\\\/usr\\\/bin\\\/libmimalloc.so myprogram»). V knihovn\u011b je tak\u00e9 poskytnuta API<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enost integrace funkcionality v runtime a jemn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed zpracovatel\u016f odlo\u017een\u00e9ho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011bti a monot\u00f3nn\u00edho zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtadel odkaz\u016f. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it a pou\u017e\u00edt v aplikaci n\u011bkolik «hald» (heap) pro distribuci do r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti. Tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 uvolnit haldu celou, bez prob\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed a jednotliv\u00e9ho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch v n\u00ed objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Je zaveden\u00e1 mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed knihovny v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m re\u017eimu, ve kter\u00e9m se na hranici blok\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed vlo\u017een\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch kontroln\u00edch str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti (guard-page), a tak\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 randomizace rozd\u011blen\u00ed blok\u016f a \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed seznam\u016f uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f. Takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zablokovat v\u011bt\u0161inu typick\u00fdch technik zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu v hald\u011b. P\u0159i zapnut\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu se v\u00fdkon sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3%.<\/p>\n

Mezi zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostmi mimalloc se tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k probl\u00e9m\u016fm s nafukov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 fragmentaci. V nejhor\u0161\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i se spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti zvy\u0161uje o 0,2% pro metadata a m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout 16,7% pro rozd\u011blenou pam\u011b\u0165. Aby se vylou\u010dily konflikty p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k prost\u0159edk\u016fm, mimalloc pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze atomov\u00e9 operace.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Mi\u0441rosoft \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 MIT \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 mimalloc \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f runtime-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 Koka \u0438 Lean. Mimalloc \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 malloc. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 Unix-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e mimalloc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Microsoft otev\u0159el k\u00f3d syst\u00e9mu rozd\u011blen\u00ed pam\u011bti mimalloc | ProHoster","description":"Spole\u010dnost Microsoft zve\u0159ejnila pod licenc\u00ed MIT knihovnu mimalloc s implementac\u00ed syst\u00e9mu rozd\u011blen\u00ed 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