{"id":35609,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","title":{"rendered":"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d2ca072078d1d2c6bf120118f98a27cf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZ\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd, nejnudn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek-n\u00e1vod. \u010c\u00edst ho pro obecn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed asi nem\u00e1 smysl, ale a\u017e k tomu dojde, velmi v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Obsah s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 1: Obecn\u00e1 architektura s\u00edt\u011b KTV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 2: Slo\u017een\u00ed a forma sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 3: Analogov\u00e1 slo\u017eka sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 4: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eka sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 5: Koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 6: RF sign\u00e1ln\u00ed zesilova\u010de<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 7: Optick\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455355\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 8: Optick\u00e1 p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455858\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 9: Hlavn\u00ed stanice<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">\u010c\u00e1st 10: Diagnostika a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f na KTV s\u00edti<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>\u00dazem\u00ed u\u017eivatele<\/h1>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee, va\u0161emu d\u011bde\u010dkovi p\u0159estal fungovat televizor. Koupili jste mu nov\u00fd, ale uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed v p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di \u2013 je na \u010dase se pod\u00edvat na kabel. Za prv\u00e9, nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161roubovac\u00ed konektory, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed krimpov\u00e1n\u00ed, se z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b samy za\u0161roubuj\u00ed na kabel, co\u017e vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b kontaktu s opleten\u00edm nebo dokonce centr\u00e1ln\u00edm vodi\u010dem. I kdy\u017e byl konektor pr\u00e1v\u011b krimpov\u00e1n, je dobr\u00e9 se ujistit, \u017ee se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z vl\u00e1ken opleten\u00ed nespojil s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm vodi\u010dem. Mimochodem, pr\u016fm\u011br centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vodi\u010de je obvykle znateln\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e otvor v konektoru p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de \u2013 je to pot\u0159eba pro dobr\u00fd kontakt d\u00edky rozta\u017eiteln\u00fdm pl\u00e1tk\u016fm v konektoru. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud jste n\u00e1hodou vym\u011bnili konektor za takov\u00fd, kde centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vodi\u010d nevych\u00e1z\u00ed \u201ejak je\u201c, ale p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do jehly (jak jsem uk\u00e1zal v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">5. \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex> konektorech pro RG-11), nebo vym\u011bnili \u010d\u00e1st kabelu a nov\u00fd m\u011bl ten\u010d\u00ed vodi\u010d, pak se m\u016f\u017eete setkat s t\u00edm, \u017ee unaven\u00e9 pl\u00e1tky v konektoru nezajist\u00ed dobr\u00fd kontakt s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm vodi\u010dem.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2acb909847e7b3b6ef183e5ee7513c65.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojem to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017eete snadno vid\u011bt podle tvaru sklonu spektra sign\u00e1lu, o \u010dem\u017e jsem psal ve <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">2. \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex>. Tak m\u016f\u017eeme okam\u017eit\u011b zkontrolovat \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu (ten by, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, podle normy nem\u011bl b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 50 dBmV pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1l a 60 pro analogov\u00fd) a zhodnotit \u00fatlum v oblasti n\u00edzk\u00fdch a vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed, co\u017e n\u00e1m d\u00e1 vod\u00edtka pro dal\u0161\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/65e7696d72cbe6ef7185f7b813fdb02c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m: \u00fatlum n\u00edzk\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed obvykle souvis\u00ed s probl\u00e9my na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm vodi\u010di, a siln\u00e1 degradace vysok\u00fdch ukazuje na \u0161patn\u00fd kontakt s opleten\u00edm, co\u017e je obvykle spojeno s krimpov\u00e1n\u00edm (nebo celkov\u011b \u0161patn\u00fdm stavem kabelu, v\u010detn\u011b nadm\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky).<\/p>\n<p>Zkontrolujte kabel s konektorem na televizoru a sledujte ho po cel\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti: proto\u017ee koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed kabel nen\u00ed jen elektrick\u00fd vodi\u010d, ale vlnovod, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na n\u011bm nejen na p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch mechanick\u00fdch po\u0161kozen\u00edch, ale i na ohybech a zlomech. Tak\u00e9 je t\u0159eba naj\u00edt v\u0161echny d\u011bli\u010de sign\u00e1lu a spo\u010d\u00edtat jejich celkov\u00e9 \u00fatlumy: m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee v\u0161e fungovalo na hranici a drobn\u00e1 degradace kabelu vedla k \u00fapln\u00e9 nefunk\u010dnosti. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, abyste nemuseli p\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1vat kabel ukryt\u00fd za obkladem, m\u016f\u017eete l\u00e9pe vybrat hodnoty d\u011bli\u010d\u016f \u010di na vstupu do bytu um\u00edstit mal\u00fd zesilova\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se v\u0161ak nic z toho nezjist\u00ed a kabel je v po\u0159\u00e1dku a\u017e k slaboproud\u00e9mu rozvad\u011b\u010di na schodi\u0161ti, je t\u0159eba zm\u011b\u0159it \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu, kter\u00e1 jde do bytu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 a tvar sign\u00e1lu na odbo\u010dce \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9ho d\u011bli\u010de jsou norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, je t\u0159eba posoudit rozd\u00edl mezi hodnotami na televizoru a v rozvad\u011b\u010di a zamyslet se, co jsme mohli p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. Pokud vid\u00edme, \u017ee \u00fatlum k televizoru \u010din\u00ed n\u011bjakou rozumnou hodnotu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 pozorujeme probl\u00e9my se sign\u00e1lem na odbo\u010dce, je t\u0159eba pokra\u010dovat v hled\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h1>Stoupa\u010dka<\/h1>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/e46f8b5f8072a40020d0dbd91d5c300d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKdy\u017e zjist\u00edme probl\u00e9m na \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9 odbo\u010dce, je t\u0159eba se ujistit, \u017ee nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m v samotn\u00e9m d\u011bli\u010di. N\u011bkdy se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jeden z odbo\u010dek okam\u017eit\u011b nebo postupn\u011b zhor\u0161uje parametry sign\u00e1lu, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u d\u011bli\u010d\u016f pro velk\u00fd po\u010det \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f (v\u00edce ne\u017e 4). K tomu je nutn\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159it \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu na jin\u00e9m odbo\u010dku (ide\u00e1ln\u011b co nejd\u00e1le od probl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho) a tak\u00e9 na p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm hlavn\u00edm kabelu. Op\u011bt je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak\u00fd tvar a \u00farove\u0148 by m\u011bl sign\u00e1l m\u00edt. Hodnota \u00fatlumu uveden\u00e1 na d\u011bli\u010di (nap\u0159\u00edklad 412 \u2014 4 odbo\u010dky po -12 dB) by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ode\u010dtena od toho, co bylo zm\u011b\u0159eno na trase. V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bychom m\u011bli dostat \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 jsme nam\u011b\u0159ili na \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00e9 odbo\u010dce. Pokud se li\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e o p\u00e1r dB, takov\u00fd d\u011bli\u010d by bylo lep\u0161\u00ed vym\u011bnit.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud vid\u00edme, \u017ee sign\u00e1l ji\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed po hlavn\u00edm veden\u00ed s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm sklonem nebo n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed, bude nutn\u00e9 bu\u010f se sezn\u00e1mit s projektem stojanu, nebo, zapnut\u00edm logiky, zv\u00e1\u017eit dv\u011b v\u011bci: zda je stojan vybudov\u00e1n shora nebo zdola a jak daleko jsme od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho odbo\u010den\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed lze pochopit podle toho, odkud p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ten kabel, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ipojen ke vstupu d\u011bli\u010de, a kam odch\u00e1z\u00ed ten, kter\u00fd je na v\u00fdstupu. Obvykle nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo v rozvodn\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edni sledovat hlavn\u00ed kabely, pokud je v\u0161ak nevid\u00edme, m\u016f\u017eeme j\u00edt o patro v\u00fd\u0161e (nebo n\u00ed\u017ee) a pod\u00edvat se, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 jmenovatel d\u011bli\u010d. Z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">p\u00e1t\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex> ur\u010dit\u011b si pamatujete, \u017ee s odstupem od za\u010d\u00e1tku by se jmenovatel m\u011bl sni\u017eovat. Tam jsem tak\u00e9 psal o rozd\u011blen\u00ed stojanu na \u010d\u00e1sti (u n\u00e1s se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201epilastry\u201c, nejsem si jist\u00fd, zda je to v\u0161eobecn\u011b akceptov\u00e1no). Obvykle jeden pilastr pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 5-6 pater a na jeho za\u010d\u00e1tku jsou d\u011bli\u010de s jmenovateli 20-24 dB, a na konci \u2013 8-10. Kdy\u017e se objevila jistota, \u017ee probl\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed za hranicemi patra, je t\u0159eba naj\u00edt za\u010d\u00e1tek pilastru a prov\u00e9st m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z hlavn\u00edho d\u011bli\u010de, ze kter\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1. Zde jsou probl\u00e9my st\u00e1le tyt\u00e9\u017e: jak s\u00e1m d\u011bli\u010d, tak po\u0161kozen\u00fd kabel a nekvalitn\u00ed konektor mohou ovlivnit sign\u00e1l. N\u011bkdy se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee po pohnut\u00ed konektory se sign\u00e1l obnov\u00ed (ale \u010dast\u011bji \u00fapln\u011b zmiz\u00ed). V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 znovu crimpovat v\u0161e, co se d\u00e1, a bude prost\u011b skv\u011bl\u00e9, pokud technici, kdy\u017e na to mysleli, nechali rezervu kabelu. P\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m zpevn\u011bn\u00ed je toti\u017e nutn\u00e9 kabel zkr\u00e1tit. U kabelu RG-11 je velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd probl\u00e9m nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 crimpov\u00e1n\u00ed: bu\u010f nedodr\u017een\u00ed standardu pro odizolov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00edla (v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e se konektor nasad\u00ed nepevn\u011b a kabel z n\u011bj m\u016f\u017ee vyklouznout), nebo to sam\u00e9, ale kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti A (viz obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/36f34a2f4c8ee7a4c6e011365ca34f4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odizolov\u00e1n\u00ed neochr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed chybou, pokud ten, kdo crimpov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed, nedostate\u010dn\u011b dosedne konektor a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00edla se nevejde do \u201ejehly\u201c konektoru. P\u0159itom m\u00e1 jehla pohyblivost, pokud ji pohybujete prstem. Kdy\u017e \u017e\u00edla vstoupila spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u2013 posunout ji nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. To je pot\u0159eba zkontrolovat u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho od\u0161roubovateln\u00e9ho konektoru.<\/p>\n<p>S d\u011bli\u010di v domech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let, se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t to, \u010demu se mezi sb\u011brateli model\u016f \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 'zinov\u00e1 n\u00e1kaza'.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/04815ea2df9846c9aaf81a28bdbbd877.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto z webu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/a-time.ru\/forum\/?PAGE_NAME=read&amp;FID=16&amp;TID=266&amp;PAGEN_1=12\">a-time.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b d\u011bli\u010d\u016f vyroben\u00e9 z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch slitin a nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se ve \u0161patn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch mohou doslova rozpadnout v rukou p\u0159i pokusu o od\u0161roubov\u00e1n\u00ed konektoru, nebo dokonce p\u0159i pouh\u00e9m pohybu kabel\u016f v rozvad\u011b\u010di. A obvykle se to d\u011bje, kdy\u017e v rozvad\u011b\u010di pracuj\u00ed mont\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkomu instaluj\u00ed internet, nebo jin\u00e9 domovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se v\u0161ak d\u011bli\u010d, od kter\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pilastra, nerozpadl na polovinu a \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu na n\u011bm je tak\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00e1, jako v byt\u011b, je dobr\u00e9 naj\u00edt ten d\u011bli\u010d, na kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed k prvn\u00edmu rozd\u011blen\u00ed a zm\u011b\u0159it sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd k n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed z aktivn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ze sklepa (nebo z podkrov\u00ed \u2013 podle toho, jak je to postaven\u00e9). Pokud jsme takto pro\u0161li stoupac\u00ed potrub\u00ed a probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161en, bude pot\u0159eba hledat aktivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a prov\u00e9st m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na n\u011bm.<\/p>\n<h1>Aktivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p>\nP\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je t\u0159eba upozornit na to, \u017ee mezi optick\u00fdmi p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di a zesilova\u010di se tak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, postaven\u00e1 na stejn\u00fdch principech jako stoupa\u010dky, tak\u017ee m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 typy probl\u00e9m\u016f. Proto je nutn\u00e9 zkontrolovat v\u0161e, co je naps\u00e1no v\u00fd\u0161e, i zde, a teprve potom obvi\u0148ovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z poruchy.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee jsme ve sklep\u011b (podkrov\u00ed, rozvodn\u011b), p\u0159ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed se zesilova\u010di<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d3b32e7e60d724633e61bd530ba680c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA to se st\u00e1v\u00e1...<\/p>\n<p>Pokud ve stoupa\u010dce nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l a existuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee zesilova\u010d je mrtv\u00fd, nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak ur\u010dit kter\u00fd, je podle jeho teploty na dotek. I v mraziv\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch v neoplocen\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch bude pracuj\u00edc\u00ed zesilova\u010d teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e okoln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ten sp\u00e1len\u00fd bude vyd\u00e1vat studen\u00fd vzduch. Pokud v\u0161ak teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, rozebr\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee uvnit\u0159 zesilova\u010de nez\u00e1\u0159\u00ed indik\u00e1tor nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Takov\u00fd zesilova\u010d se vym\u011bn\u00ed za funk\u010dn\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se oprav\u00ed pomoc\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u00e1jec\u00ed stanice, proto\u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny poruchy souvisej\u00ed s jednoduch\u00fdmi nafoukl\u00fdmi kondenz\u00e1tory. P\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b zesilova\u010d\u016f s d\u00e1lkov\u00fdm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 odpojit celou s\u00ed\u0165, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zkratu. A\u010dkoli je tam nap\u011bt\u00ed relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 (60 V), ale proud, kter\u00fd ten nap\u00e1jec\u00ed blok, kter\u00fd jsem v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zal, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">v \u0161est\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex> m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9: p\u0159i kontaktu centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vodi\u010de s t\u011blem je zaji\u0161t\u011bn po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj. A pokud takov\u00e9 zesilova\u010de ne v\u017edy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdpadky elektrick\u00e9 energie v dom\u011b, pak s t\u011bmito efekty existuje nenulov\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee zni\u010d\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pak bude nutn\u00e9 hledat po cel\u00e9m dom\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Ale m\u016f\u017ee nastat i takov\u00e1 situace, \u017ee zesilova\u010d je \u017eiv\u00fd, ale p\u0159itom do s\u00edt\u011b odes\u00edl\u00e1 hodn\u011b \u0161umu, nebo jednodu\u0161e nedosahuje \u00farovn\u011b sign\u00e1lu p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 v projektu (obvykle 110 dB\u03bcV). Zde je dobr\u00e9 nejprve zkontrolovat, zda sign\u00e1l ji\u017e nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fd, proveden\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu. Mezi charakteristick\u00e9 nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my zesilova\u010d\u016f lze za\u0159adit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zes\u00edlen\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku degradace \u010d\u00e1sti nebo cel\u00e9ho zesilovac\u00edho stupn\u011b na v\u00fdstupu m\u00e1me stejnou \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu jako na vstupu (nebo v\u00edce, ale nedostate\u010dn\u011b pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz).<\/li>\n<li>Zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. \u010cinnost zesilova\u010de zkresluje sign\u00e1l natolik, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159en\u00fd parametr Nosn\u00e1\/\u0160um (C\/N) vych\u00e1z\u00ed za normu a br\u00e1n\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di. <\/li>\n<li>Rozpad digit\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eky sign\u00e1lu. N\u011bkdy zesilova\u010d vyhovuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem propou\u0161t\u00ed analogov\u00fd sign\u00e1l, ale nem\u016f\u017ee si v\u016fbec poradit s \u201edigit\u00e1lem\u201c. Nej\u010dast\u011bji parametry MER a BER, popsan\u00e9 v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">\u010d\u00e1sti 4<\/a><\/noindex> vych\u00e1zej\u00ed za povolen\u00e9 limity a souhv\u011bzd\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed v chaotickou ka\u0161i, ale ob\u010das je to z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad zesilova\u010d zapomene na jeden z parametr\u016f modulace a m\u00edsto souhv\u011bzd\u00ed vykresluje na obrazovce p\u0159\u00edstroje krou\u017eek nebo kruh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPokud se tyto z\u00e1vady objev\u00ed, zesilova\u010d je t\u0159eba vym\u011bnit, ale existuj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti, kter\u00e9 lze odstranit \u00fapravami. Obvykle se v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l zesilova\u010de ztr\u00e1c\u00ed, a proto sta\u010d\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit hodnotu vstupn\u00edho atenu\u00e1toru. N\u011bkdy naopak, zesilova\u010d za\u010dne \u0161um\u011bt kv\u016fli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00farovni na vstupu, tak\u017ee jej mus\u00edme utlumit atenu\u00e1torem. V\u0161echny \u00fapravy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny na jedin\u00e9m probl\u00e9mov\u00e9m zesilova\u010di, proto\u017ee pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed z optick\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, bude to m\u00edt vliv na dal\u0161\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010de, kter\u00e9 bude nutn\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u011b p\u0159e nastavit podle zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch parametr\u016f. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k rozpad\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu kv\u016fli p\u0159ehnan\u00e9mu zes\u00edlen\u00ed (p\u0159i m\u00edrn\u00e9m \u0161umu na analogu). Podrobn\u011bji jsem nastaven\u00ed zesilova\u010d\u016f popisoval v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">v \u0161est\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eeme se pokusit nastaven\u00edm opravit tak\u00e9 sklon. \u010casto p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b postaven\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b nen\u00ed vy\u017eadov\u00e1n velk\u00fd po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed sklon pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dobr\u00fdch parametr\u016f na konc\u00edch trasy. Ale \u010dasem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kv\u016fli degradaci kabel\u016f pot\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161it sklon, kter\u00fd, jak v\u00edme, roste sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm \u00farovn\u011b doln\u00edch frekvenc\u00ed, co\u017e bude nutn\u00e9 vyrovnat atenu\u00e1torem.<\/p>\n<p>Optick\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de obvykle tak\u00e9 selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e kv\u016fli nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1 na vstupu dostate\u010dnou \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu (jakou \u2014 psal jsem v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">\u010d\u00e1sti 7<\/a><\/noindex>), obvykle nevznikaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s v\u00fdstupem. Ob\u010das je to stejn\u00e9 \u2014 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd \u0161um a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, ale kv\u016fli omezen\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm se to obvykle ned\u00e1 opravit. Diagnostika je stejn\u00e1 \u2014 zkontrolujeme, zda je tepl\u00fd, pot\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159\u00edme sign\u00e1l na v\u00fdstupu.<\/p>\n<p>Samostatn\u011b zm\u00edn\u00edm testovac\u00ed konektory: ne v\u017edy se na n\u011b d\u00e1 spolehnout. Jakmile je v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sign\u00e1l sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd o 20-30 dB bez probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed 'skute\u010dn\u00e9' v\u00fdstupy. Ale \u010dasto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee probl\u00e9my v trase se objev\u00ed a\u017e po testovac\u00edm odbo\u010den\u00ed, a pak se zd\u00e1, \u017ee je v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku \u2014 ale ve skute\u010dnosti je to \u0161patn\u00e9. Proto pro \u00faplnou jistotu v\u017edy zkontrolujte ten v\u00fdstup, kter\u00fd sm\u011b\u0159uje do magistr\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n<h1>Optick\u00e1 magistr\u00e1la<\/h1>\n<p>\nO probl\u00e9mech a jejich vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na optice lze pov\u00eddat velmi dlouho, a je skv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee to u\u017e ud\u011blali p\u0159ede mnou: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/227647\/\">Sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. \u010c\u00e1st 4: m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na optice, sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdza reflektogramu<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0158eknu jen ve zkratce, \u017ee pokud na optick\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di vid\u00edme pokles sign\u00e1lu a nen\u00ed to spojeno s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm takov\u00fdm:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/03c2c7a03122f86a6e9910f2ad8b59f2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>U n\u00e1s v Petrohradu rackov\u00e9 \u2013 sami v\u00edte. A pod zem\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou optiku vyt\u00e1hnout.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>mohla by pomoci \u00fadr\u017eba nebo v\u00fdm\u011bna koncov\u00e9ho patch cordu. N\u011bkdy se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee degraduje fotop\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d nebo optick\u00fd zesilova\u010d, tam u\u017e medic\u00edna samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee pomoci. Ale celkov\u011b bez \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vlivu je optika velmi spolehliv\u00e1 a probl\u00e9my s n\u00ed se obvykle redukuj\u00ed na traktor, pasouc\u00ed se na tr\u00e1vn\u00edku v okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h1>Hlavn\u00ed stanice<\/h1>\n<p>\nKrom\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f s nap\u00e1jen\u00edm a konektivitou s zdroji p\u0159es IP s\u00edt\u011b je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch faktor\u016f funk\u010dnosti hlavn\u00ed stanice po\u010das\u00ed. Siln\u00fd v\u00edtr m\u016f\u017ee snadno utrhnout nebo oto\u010dit ant\u00e9ny a mokr\u00fd sn\u00edh, kter\u00fd obal\u00ed satelitn\u00ed tal\u00ed\u0159, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161uje kvalitu p\u0159\u00edjmu. Bojovat s t\u00edm je slo\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee ant\u00e9ny jsou um\u00edst\u011bny co nejv\u00fd\u0161e, kde se po\u010das\u00ed zlob\u00ed a ani protimrazov\u00fd oh\u0159ev tal\u00ed\u0159\u016f ne v\u017edy zachr\u00e1n\u00ed, proto se n\u011bkdy mus\u00ed dokonce \u010distit ru\u010dn\u011b. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kabelov\u00e9 televize pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st 10: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vad v s\u00edti KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/6f80f8c4bfb6615109b1e1a8fc6bab6e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP.S. T\u00edmto kon\u010d\u00edm sv\u016fj stru\u010dn\u00fd exkurs do sv\u011bta kabelov\u00e9 televize. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky pomohly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it obzory a objevit n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho v obvykl\u00e9m. Pro ty, kdo s t\u00edm mus\u00ed pracovat, doporu\u010duji k prohlouben\u00ed knihu \u201eS\u00edt\u011b kabelov\u00e9 televize\u201c, autora Volkova S.V., ISBN 5-93517-190-2. V n\u00ed je pops\u00e1no v\u0161e, co je t\u0159eba, docela p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdm jazykem.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f-\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0422\u0412 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4: \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 5: \u041a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 6: \u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 RF-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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