{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Jak p\u0159ipravit web na vysok\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed: 5 praktick\u00fdch rad a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Jak<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

U\u017eivatel\u00e9 velmi nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di, kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebn\u00fd online zdroj \"zpomaluje\". Data anket<\/a><\/noindex> ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee 57% u\u017eivatel\u016f opust\u00ed webovou str\u00e1nku, pokud se na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i sekundy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 47% je ochotno \u010dekat pouze dv\u011b sekundy. Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed jednoho sekundy m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t 7% konverze a 16% pokles spokojenosti u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Proto je nutn\u00e9 se p\u0159ipravit na r\u016fst z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee a v\u00fdkyvy v n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti. Dnes se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak to ud\u011blat.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka<\/b>: materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en na odborn\u00edky na syst\u00e9movou administraci, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na majitele firemn\u00edch web\u016f, a proto m\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ehledn\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n

1. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte caching<\/h2>\n

\n\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce obsahu na webu m\u016f\u017eete ulo\u017eit do cache, aby se znovu nena\u010d\u00edtal poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed str\u00e1nku, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Obvykle je zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st obsahu statick\u00e1 a nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 ji neust\u00e1le obnovovat. Jeho cachov\u00e1n\u00ed je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdkyvech v n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti a m\u016f\u017ee nejen pomoci zrychlit web, ale tak\u00e9 u\u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1te jen web na podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m WordPressu, bude skv\u011bl\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt caching pluginy, jako jsou Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> nebo Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. Zpracov\u00e1vejte pouze u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd provoz<\/h2>\n

\nPodle informac\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> podle v\u00fdzkum\u016f v modern\u00edm internetu generuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40% ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho provozu boty. Boty mohou b\u00fdt jak dobr\u00e9 - nap\u0159\u00edklad crawle\u0159i vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016f - tak i \u0161patn\u00e9. Mezi posledn\u00edmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad r\u016fzn\u00e9 parsery, kter\u00e9 analyzuj\u00ed a stahuj\u00ed data. <\/p>\n

V segmentu podnikov\u00fdch internet\u016f je situace je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed - zde objemy \u0161patn\u00e9ho bot\u00edho provozu mohou p\u0159ekro\u010dit<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. Pro spole\u010dnosti je to \u0161patn\u00e9 ze dvou d\u016fvod\u016f. Za prv\u00e9, \u0161patn\u00e9 boty mohou b\u00fdt spu\u0161t\u011bny konkurenc\u00ed k ukradnut\u00ed obsahu nebo sb\u011bru d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch dat, za druh\u00e9, bot\u00ed provoz vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou dodate\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n

Zbavit se probl\u00e9mu a sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na web pom\u00e1haj\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, ale pro jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st kalibraci individu\u00e1ln\u011b pro ka\u017ed\u00fd web. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem lze bot\u00ed provoz modelovat. Skv\u011bl\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem k simulaci takov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je vyu\u017eit\u00ed slu\u017eeb, jako Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pron\u00e1jem rezidentn\u00edch proxy.<\/p>\n

Mnoho modern\u00edch bot\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rezidentn\u00ed IP, tak\u017ee pro kvalitn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed bude pot\u0159eba velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed takov\u00fdch adres.<\/p>\n

3. Vych\u00fdlen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/h2>\n

\nProzkoumejte dostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i typy takov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2013 hardware-based, cloudov\u00e9 a softwarov\u00e9 vyva\u017eova\u010de. <\/p>\n

Vysoce pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budou \"hardwarov\u00e9\" mo\u017enosti velmi drah\u00e9 pro mal\u00e9 podniky nebo zakladatele startup\u016f, tak\u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme v\u00edce na zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n

Mezi popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi cloudov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji lze jmenovat Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 \u010dasto je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016fm z d\u016fvodu n\u00e1hl\u00fdch n\u00e1r\u016fst\u016f n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti. Z softwarov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed lze zm\u00ednit Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee jsou zakotveny v webov\u00e9m serveru Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optimalizujte doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu<\/h2>\n

\nDal\u0161\u00edm krokem, kter\u00fd bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdkyvech s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 aktivity, je pou\u017eit\u00ed CDN neboli s\u00edt\u011b pro doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu. Prakticky se jedn\u00e1 o soubor server\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu u\u017eivatel\u016fm po nejoptim\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trase.<\/p>\n

Obvykle je obsah webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek um\u00edst\u011bn na ur\u010dit\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm serveru na jedin\u00e9 lokaci, tak\u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst mohou odpov\u011bdi u\u017eivatel\u016fm p\u0159ich\u00e1zet nerovnom\u011brn\u011b \u2013 a to vypad\u00e1 jako zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l je u\u017eivatel od serveru se str\u00e1nkami, t\u00edm d\u00e9le mus\u00ed \u010dekat na odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n

CDN ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 soubory do r\u016fzn\u00fdch server\u016f a 'vytahuje' je pro p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivateli z nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho serveru v s\u00edti. To umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele vlastn\u00ed trasu doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychluje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Podle odkazu<\/a><\/noindex> m\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt cel\u00fd seznam CDN, kter\u00e9 jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed s webov\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami.<\/p>\n

5. Pou\u017eijte kompresi<\/h2>\n

\nKompresov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f je dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro zrychlen\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed webu. Velmi mnoho vysoce zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zahrnuje gzipovou kompresi<\/a><\/noindex> aby sn\u00ed\u017eily velikost soubor\u016f webu pro jejich na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos.<\/p>\n

Gzip funguje tak, \u017ee n\u00e1stroj hled\u00e1 opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0159et\u011bzce v souboru a nahrazuje druh\u00fd z nich ukazatelem na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec. Kdy\u017e prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d rozbal\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00fd soubor, proch\u00e1z\u00ed jeho \u0159et\u011bzci, \u010dte ukazatel a zobrazuje \"odstran\u011bn\u00fd\" obsah. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem lze sn\u00ed\u017eit celkovou velikost soubor\u016f a\u017e o 70 %. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 hostingu zahrnuj\u00ed Gzip kompresi ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed, ale doporu\u010duje se tuto nastaven\u00ed zkontrolovat manu\u00e1ln\u011b.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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