{"id":36096,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/virtualnye-telefonnye-sistemy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:35","slug":"virtualnye-telefonnye-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/virtualnye-telefonnye-sistemy","title":{"rendered":"Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed telefonn\u00ed syst\u00e9my","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed telefonn\u00ed syst\u00e9my\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2f2ef4713ab86382f2dcd57233af4144.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTerm\u00edn \u201evirtu\u00e1ln\u00ed PBX\u201c, nebo \u201evirtu\u00e1ln\u00ed telefonn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u201c znamen\u00e1, \u017ee poskytovatel se star\u00e1 o um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed samotn\u00e9 PBX a aplikaci v\u0161ech technologi\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb firm\u00e1m. Hovory, ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed funkce se zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed na serveru PBX, kter\u00fd je na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poskytovatele. A za sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby poskytovatel m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b vystavuje \u00fa\u010det, kter\u00fd obvykle zahrnuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed minut a \u0159adu funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hovory mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1ny na z\u00e1klad\u011b minut. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch PBX m\u00e1 dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody: 1) firma nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady; 2) firma m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011bji spo\u010d\u00edtat a rozpo\u010dtovat m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fddaje. Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 funkce mohou b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1ny nav\u00edc.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdhody virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho telefonn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Instalace. N\u00e1klady na instalaci jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u tradi\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, proto\u017ee krom\u011b m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a samotn\u00fdch telefon\u016f nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba instalovat dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00dadr\u017eba. Poskytovatel spravuje a udr\u017euje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na sv\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.\n<\/li>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na komunikaci. Obvykle virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dky \u201ebezplatn\u00fdch\u201c minut. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady a v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnad\u0148uje rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Rychlost instalace. Fyzicky sta\u010d\u00ed nainstalovat pouze telefonn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje.\n<\/li>\n<li>Flexibilita. V\u0161echny telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla lze p\u0159ev\u00e9st, tak\u017ee firma m\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b m\u011bnit kancel\u00e1\u0159e nebo pou\u017e\u00edvat vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance bez zm\u011bny \u010d\u00edsel. Jeliko\u017e nenastavujete \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, n\u00e1klady a slo\u017eitost st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA tradi\u010dn\u011b nab\u00edz\u00edme sezn\u00e1mit se s p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy t\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017eily virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed PBX.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Gradwell<\/h2>\n<p>\nSpole\u010dnost Gradwell poskytuje mal\u00fdm a st\u0159edn\u00edm podnik\u016fm v Anglii internetov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a telefonn\u00ed slu\u017eby. D\u011blaj\u00ed to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednoduch\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a obchodn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na organizace s a\u017e 25 zam\u011bstnanci. Dnes je Gradwell nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm poskytovatelem telefonn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v Anglii, pro jeho\u017e podporu je z\u0159\u00edzena samostatn\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 t\u00fdm. Ve spole\u010dnosti pracuje 65 lid\u00ed, nach\u00e1z\u00ed se ve m\u011bst\u011b Bath a byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1998 Peterem Gradwellem. S\u00e1m byl mal\u00fdm podnikatelem a nemohl naj\u00edt vhodnou telefonn\u00ed slu\u017ebu pro sv\u016fj distribuovan\u00fd t\u00fdm webov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a hostingu. Peter se tedy rozhodl vytvo\u0159it ho pro sebe a pot\u00e9 ho nab\u00eddl sv\u00fdm <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/\"   title=\"hosting\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2343\">hosting<\/a>-klient\u016fm jako slu\u017ebu \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 IP telefonie s jedn\u00edm obchodn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem. V d\u016fsledku toho se spole\u010dnost stala hlavn\u00edm poskytovatelem telefonie v zemi a dnes obsluhuje 20 000 klient\u016f z oblasti mal\u00fdch podnik\u016f.<\/p>\n<h4>Probl\u00e9m<\/h4>\n<p>\nV roce 1998, kdy se Gradwell poprv\u00e9 pustil do IP telefonie, to byla relativn\u011b nov\u00e1 slu\u017eba a v\u011bt\u0161inu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nab\u00edzely americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tato \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byla vytv\u00e1\u0159ena na z\u00e1klad\u011b americk\u00fdch podm\u00ednek podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. V Gradwell pochopili, \u017ee anglick\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem je pot\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed specifika, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed z\u00e1kaznickou podporu a mo\u017enost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016fm britsk\u00e9ho trhu. Mal\u00e9mu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed byla zapot\u0159eb\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed a spolehliv\u00e1 telefonn\u00ed slu\u017eba s pohotovou z\u00e1kaznickou podporou a specialisty, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou poskytnout pomoc po telefonu.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>\nSpole\u010dnost zvolila \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ITCenter Voicis Core, kter\u00e9 v kombinaci s expertn\u00edm z\u00e1znamem Gradwell v oblasti webov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, open-source softwarem Asterisk a \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm Telesswitch pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti BT umo\u017enilo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vysoce spolehliv\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Telefonn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj byl kriticky d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Zam\u011bstnanci mal\u00fdch firem cht\u011bli, aby telefon vypadal a c\u00edtil se jako telefon, a v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyla softwarov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 spolehliv\u00e1. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch telefonn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f Gradwell analyzoval \u010dty\u0159i v\u00fdrobce a vybral telefony Snom, kter\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s kvalitn\u00edm zvukem. To bylo p\u0159ed 11 lety. Od t\u00e9 doby Gradwell z\u00e1sobuje sv\u00e9 klienty na\u0161imi telefony \u2014 nejprve Snom 190, pot\u00e9 \u0159ady D3xx a D7xx. D\u0159\u00edve m\u011bla Gradwell v portfoliu telefony \u0161esti v\u00fdrobc\u016f, co\u017e \u010dasto mate z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, a dnes poskytovatel pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 produkty pouze dvou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edve se Gradwell s\u00e1m zab\u00fdval provizionov\u00e1n\u00edm telefon\u016f, ale s produktem Snom tuto \u00falohu p\u0159enesl na distributora, tak\u017ee dnes m\u016f\u017ee Gradwell dod\u00e1vat telefony p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edsto u z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. To zkracuje dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty a zlep\u0161uje kvalitu slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n<h2>Orange Dominican Republic <\/h2>\n<p>\nDominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika je druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1tem Karibsk\u00e9 oblasti. Jej\u00ed rozloha \u010din\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 48 000 km2 a obyvatelstvo \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 kolem 10 milion\u016f, z nich\u017e 1 milion \u017eije v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b - Santo Domingo. Podle objemu ekonomiky se Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika um\u00edstila na dev\u00e1t\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomika v Karibiku a st\u0159edn\u00ed Americe. D\u0159\u00edve dominovalo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a t\u011b\u017eba surovin, dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed jeho z\u00e1klad slu\u017eby. Jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je rozvoj telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury. Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika je tak\u00e9 nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezi turisty v Karibiku, co\u017e stimuluje turistick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Pro telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edstavuje probl\u00e9m slo\u017eit\u00fd ter\u00e9n. Na \u00fazem\u00ed zem\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol regionu Pico Duarte a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jezero v regionu Enriquillo, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed v nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce. Pokryt\u00ed mobiln\u00edm sign\u00e1lem je v Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republice dobr\u00e9, zde p\u016fsob\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i oper\u00e1to\u0159i a s\u00ed\u0165 spole\u010dnosti Orange pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 95 % \u00fazem\u00ed zem\u011b. <\/p>\n<h4>Probl\u00e9m<\/h4>\n<p>\nOrange pot\u0159ebovala \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u011b, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo v\u0161echny funkce a mo\u017enosti dostupn\u00e9 na trhu licencovan\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, av\u0161ak bylo by levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na implementaci. Orange pl\u00e1novala expandovat sv\u016fj byznys a hledala zp\u016fsoby, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na zaveden\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v regionu. <\/p>\n<h4>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>\nOrange \u00fazce spolupracovala s ITCenter, syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm integr\u00e1torem s portfoliem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch projekt\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a zvolila \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Voicis Core. Spole\u010dnost byla p\u0159itahov\u00e1na snadnost\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed produktu rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b a \u0161irok\u00fdm souborem mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebyly hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e funkce jak\u00e9hokoli licencovan\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u011b. Cena byla hlavn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem. Voicis Core nevy\u017eadoval od spole\u010dnosti Orange n\u00e1kup licenc\u00ed a tak\u00e9 byl levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na instalaci a \u00fadr\u017ebu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podporu bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na neomezen\u00fd po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u011b projekt zahrnoval instalaci 1050 telefon\u016f. Spole\u010dnost si vybrala <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/439786\/\">Snom 710<\/a><\/noindex> a 720, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly nejen v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 funkce, ale byly tak\u00e9 pohodln\u00e9 pro nasazen\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli rozsahu. <\/p>\n<p>Voicis Core umo\u017enilo spole\u010dnosti Orange vytvo\u0159it spolehliv\u00e9 a \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na b\u00e1zi virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edny, kter\u00e9 je snadno konfigurovateln\u00e9, s p\u0159ehlednou platformou pro spr\u00e1vu a jednoduch\u00fdm procesem nasazen\u00ed IP telefon\u016f. Za p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed telefon\u016f se platilo pouze podle pot\u0159eby, o ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladech na proceduru nemluv\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Oni<\/h2>\n<p>\nONI \u2014 B2B poskytovatel slu\u017eeb z Lisabonu, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jako datov\u00e1 centra, cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, slu\u017eby informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a integraci informa\u010dn\u011b-komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost obvykle spolupracuje s korporacemi, ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi organizacemi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi telekomunika\u010dn\u00edmi oper\u00e1tory, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed standardizovan\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky komunika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. ONI investovalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky do unik\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 spole\u010dnosti umo\u017enila zav\u00e1d\u011bt inovativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V roce 2013 byla ONI p\u0159evezena skupinou Altice. Dnes jsou mezi klienty ONI nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v zemi, v\u010detn\u011b ANA Airports of Portugal, Portugal Tourism, Travel Abreu in Portugal, a tak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti jako Verizon Spain, Verizon Portugal a Evropsk\u00e1 agentura pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<h4>Probl\u00e9m<\/h4>\n<p>\nV ONI hledali \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by podporovalo alespo\u0148 30 000 telefon\u016f. Spole\u010dnosti bylo t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u011b nebo UCaaS, kter\u00e9 by nab\u00edzelo slu\u017eby pro korporace a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 organizace. Po\u017eadavky byly n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: platba v z\u00e1vislosti na roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, centralizovan\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edcero klientsk\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fast\u0159eden, intuitivn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na implementaci, odolnost a \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 podpora od v\u00fdrobce, mo\u017enost vlastn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vlastn\u00edch technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>\nONI zvolilo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ITCenter Voicis Core s IP telefony Snom IP. T\u00fdm ITCenter m\u00e1 mnoho certifik\u00e1t\u016f a ocen\u011bn\u00ed, skv\u011ble se vyzn\u00e1 v unifikovan\u00fdch komunikac\u00edch a cloudov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch. Do syst\u00e9mu byly zahrnuty telefony s\u00e9rie D7xx, DECT telefony M9 a telefony pro konferen\u010dn\u00ed hovory. Tak\u00e9 byl pou\u017eit Snom Vision \u2014 aplikace pro vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed a nastaven\u00ed IP telefon\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee automaticky konfigurovat a spravovat SIP za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/459580\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0422\u0421\u00bb, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u00bb \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f 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\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0418 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0422\u0421\u00bb, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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