{"id":36116,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mehaniki-gejmifikatsii-rejting\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:42","slug":"mehaniki-gejmifikatsii-rejting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/mehaniki-gejmifikatsii-rejting","title":{"rendered":"Mechaniky gamifikace: \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hodnocen\u00ed. Co to je a jak ho pou\u017e\u00edvat v gamifikaci? Ot\u00e1zka se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jednoduch\u00e1, dokonce r\u00e9torick\u00e1, ale ve skute\u010dnosti i tak zjevn\u00fd mechanismus m\u00e1 mnoho nuanc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsobeny evoluc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

\"Mechaniky
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nTento \u010dl\u00e1nek je prvn\u00edm z m\u00e9ho cyklu o prvc\u00edch, mechanik\u00e1ch a zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech gamifikace. Proto n\u011bkter\u00fdm obecn\u00fdm term\u00edn\u016fm d\u00e1m stru\u010dn\u00e1 definice. Co je to \"gamifikace\"? Wikipedie ji definuje jako: \"aplikace p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f typick\u00fdch pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry v nehern\u00edch procesech s c\u00edlem p\u0159ev\u00e9st u\u017eivatele a spot\u0159ebitele, zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich anga\u017eovanost p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed praktick\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f, slu\u017eeb\". <\/p>\n

Preferuji jinou variantu: \"gamifikace je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed hern\u00edch mechanik.\" Rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito definicemi spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka nebo software, tak ve\u0159ejn\u00fd park nebo dopravn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Gamifikace nen\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 jen v IT oblasti. D\u00e1le, n\u011bkter\u00e9 hern\u00ed mechaniky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed anga\u017eovanosti u\u017eivatel\u016f, jin\u00e9 k p\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f, ale to v\u0161e se spojuje do obecn\u00e9ho pojmu \"\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed\". Pro implementaci gamifikace je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, co u\u017eivatel\u00e9 v syst\u00e9mu d\u011blaj\u00ed (nebo by mohli d\u011blat, pokud syst\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n) a co by u\u017eivatel\u00e9 m\u011bli d\u011blat z pohledu vlastn\u00edk\u016f syst\u00e9mu. Gamifikace je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro p\u0159echod od \"d\u011blaj\u00ed\" k \"m\u011bli by d\u011blat\". <\/p>\n

\"Mechaniky
\nHodnocen\u00ed je jednoduch\u00e1 a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed hern\u00ed mechanika, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v gamifikaci. Neexistuje p\u0159esn\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed term\u00ednu \u201ehern\u00ed mechanika\u201c, n\u011bkdy pod n\u00edm rozum\u00edme cokoliv \u2014 od odznak\u016f a \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f po behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed impulzy. Uveden\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku v terminologii pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v gamifikaci je t\u00e9ma pro samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek; zde se omez\u00edm na stru\u010dn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, co si pod hern\u00ed mechanikou p\u0159edstavuji. To je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (nejkonkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1vrhu gamifikovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, <\/p>\n

Hodnocen\u00ed je \u010d\u00edseln\u00fd nebo po\u0159adov\u00fd ukazatel, kter\u00fd odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost nebo v\u00fdznam ur\u010dit\u00e9ho objektu nebo jevu (definice z Wikipedie). Mechanika hodnocen\u00ed souvis\u00ed s mechanikou bod\u016f a \u010dasto i s mechanikou u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed. Hodnocen\u00ed bez bod\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u2014 syst\u00e9m nepochop\u00ed, v jak\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed zobrazovat u\u017eivatele v hodnocen\u00ed, hodnocen\u00ed bez \u00farovn\u00ed je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pokus\u00edme se klasifikovat hodnocen\u00ed podle v\u00fdznamu pro u\u017eivatele syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u2014 povzbuzuje u\u017eivatele, aby byli v\u00fd\u0161e v hodnocen\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  2. Definice ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9 situace \u2014 syst\u00e9m uvaluje pokutu, pokud nen\u00ed dosa\u017eeno stanoven\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bod\u016f hodnocen\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty pokuty: p\u0159eveden\u00ed do p\u0159edchoz\u00ed skupiny hodnocen\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hodnosti, prohra v sout\u011b\u017ei, odeps\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed hern\u00ed m\u011bny, mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pokuta (tabule hanby). Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e analogie se ziskovou situac\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 promy\u0161len\u00ed p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm a anal\u00fdzu chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f, proto\u017ee pokuty maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 negativn\u00ed dopad na u\u017eivatele a mohou zna\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit motivaci.<\/li>\n
  3. Definice v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 situace \u2013 ud\u011bluje pr\u00e1vo na odm\u011bnu za dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bod\u016f v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Za prvn\u00ed m\u00edsta v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, za mezif\u00e1ze. Jako odm\u011bny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 varianty jako v pokut\u00e1ch v prohern\u00edch situac\u00edch, ale se znam\u00e9nkem \u201eplus\u201c. Odm\u011bny za mezif\u00e1ze v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku jsou zaj\u00edmavou, ale vz\u00e1cnou prax\u00ed, kter\u00e1 u\u017eivateli umo\u017e\u0148uje pomaleji ztr\u00e1cet nad\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ech\u00e1zen\u00ed z \u00farovn\u011b na \u00farove\u0148. P\u0159\u00edklad \u2013 \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek star\u00e9 verze Chefmarketu. Je to slu\u017eba doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin s recepty pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta se v osobn\u00edm kabinetu zobrazuje stav, za p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 pokrmy se p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed body, za body se ud\u011bluj\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, ale k dosa\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipravit des\u00edtky pokrm\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee demotivovat. Zm\u00edrnit demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed efekt pom\u00e1haj\u00ed d\u00e1rky za ka\u017ed\u00fdch X bod\u016f (po\u010det bod\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni klienta). \"Mechaniky
    \nHodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele Chefmarketu. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, jak organicky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 hern\u00ed mechaniky: odznaky, progresn\u00ed li\u0161ta, hodnosti, zabalen\u00e9 do p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho rozhran\u00ed.<\/i><\/li>\n
  4. Statusn\u00ed \u2013 zvy\u0161uje autoritu u\u017eivatele s vysok\u00fdm hodnocen\u00edm v o\u010d\u00edch ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad v projektech online ot\u00e1zek (StackOverflow, Odpov\u011bdi@Mail.Ru). Syst\u00e9my MMR (hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f) v MOBA hr\u00e1ch lze rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i\u0159adit k statusn\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  5. D\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd \u2013 zvy\u0161uje d\u016fv\u011bru k u\u017eivateli s vysok\u00fdm hodnocen\u00edm v o\u010d\u00edch ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Stal se standardem pro internetov\u00e9 aukce. Karma u\u017eivatel\u016f Habr je dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed. D\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v syst\u00e9mech zalo\u017een\u00fdch na interakci mezi u\u017eivateli, zejm\u00e9na pokud tato interakce prob\u00edh\u00e1 offline nebo zahrnuje v\u00fdm\u011bnu slu\u017eeb a zbo\u017e\u00ed. \"Mechaniky
    \nP\u0159\u00edklad hodnocen\u00ed internetov\u00e9 aukce s odznaky ud\u011blovan\u00fdmi p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b hodnocen\u00ed.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nHodnocen\u00ed z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho seznamu se kombinuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby uvnit\u0159 syst\u00e9mu. Teoreticky je mo\u017en\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f, s mezif\u00e1zemi v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch situac\u00ed, s pokutou pro outsidery v hodnocen\u00ed a vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed statusu a d\u016fv\u011bry pro v\u016fdce \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed klasifikace hodnocen\u00ed je podle toho, kdo m\u011bn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele \u2013 pouze syst\u00e9m, pouze ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9, nebo syst\u00e9m a u\u017eivatel\u00e9. Varianta, kdy pouze syst\u00e9m m\u011bn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele, je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v online hr\u00e1ch. Hr\u00e1\u010d prov\u00e1d\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 akce (zab\u00edj\u00ed monstra, pln\u00ed \u00fakoly), za to syst\u00e9m p\u0159id\u011bluje zku\u0161enostn\u00ed body (hodnocen\u00ed). Ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed na hodnocen\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010de v takov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv. Varianta, kdy hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele m\u011bn\u00ed ne syst\u00e9m, ale jin\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 syst\u00e9mu, se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spolu s d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm hodnocen\u00edm. P\u0159\u00edklady: zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed karmy, pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed recenze po transakc\u00edch na tr\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je i kombinovan\u00e1 varianta, nap\u0159\u00edklad v online ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. Za odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eivatel automaticky body hodnocen\u00ed od syst\u00e9mu, a pokud ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 uznaj\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1 u\u017eivatel dal\u0161\u00ed body. <\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob je zalo\u017een na pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele. Vyzdvihuji podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 \u201ehodnocen\u00ed plus\u201c, \u201ehodnocen\u00ed plus-m\u00ednus pozitivn\u00ed\u201c, \u201ehodnocen\u00ed plus-m\u00ednus negativn\u00ed\u201c a \u201ehodnocen\u00ed minus\u201c. Prvn\u00ed varianta, \u201ehodnocen\u00ed plus\u201c, znamen\u00e1 pouze zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele. Tato varianta se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed na aukci eBay. Po transakci zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu pouze pozitivn\u00ed recenzi nebo ji v\u016fbec nezanech\u00e1v\u00e1. Ano, podvodn\u00fd kupuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zablokov\u00e1n administrac\u00ed, ale jeho hodnocen\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee klesnout (pokud za\u010dne \u0161patn\u011b prod\u00e1vat).<\/p>\n

    Hodnocen\u00ed plus-m\u00ednus pozitivn\u00ed znamen\u00e1 jak zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed, tak sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hodnocen\u00ed neklesne pod nulu. Takov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed zabr\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivateli, aby p\u0159i ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch akc\u00edch klesl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hluboko (a poc\u00edtil moc rozzu\u0159en\u00e9ho Habr). Ale nov\u00fd u\u017eivatel a u\u017eivatel, jeho\u017e hodnocen\u00ed neust\u00e1le kol\u00eds\u00e1 kolem nulov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b kv\u016fli systematick\u00fdm \u201e\u0161patn\u00fdm\u201c akc\u00edm, budou vizu\u00e1ln\u011b vypadat stejn\u011b, co\u017e negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje d\u016fv\u011bru v cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

    Hodnocen\u00ed plus-minus negativn\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst i klesat na jak\u00e9koli hodnoty. V praxi nem\u00e1 smysl m\u00edt velk\u00e9 negativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed a doporu\u010duje se zav\u00e9st v syst\u00e9mu prahovou negativn\u00ed hodnotu, po jej\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed by m\u011bly b\u00fdt v\u016f\u010di takov\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli uplatn\u011bny sankce v\u010detn\u011b blokace \u00fa\u010dtu. P\u0159i tom je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tak\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit situaci z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9ho \"odlivu\" hodnocen\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f a tuto mo\u017enost vylou\u010dit nebo ji u\u010dinit t\u011b\u017eko realizovatelnou. <\/p>\n

    \"Mechaniky
    \nNegativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed je z\u0159\u00eddka pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 mechanika, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed u\u017eivatele bu\u010f z\u016fstat stejn\u00e9, nebo se sni\u017eovat. Nezp\u016fsobem si vzpomenout na projekty, kde se tato mechanika pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, ale teoreticky je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro projekty nebo hry na vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo \"posledn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9\". <\/p>\n

    P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed je t\u0159eba se vyvarovat z\u00e1sadn\u00ed chyby: rozpor mezi po\u010dtem z\u00edskan\u00fdch bod\u016f mezi u\u017eivateli syst\u00e9mu (nebo mezi \u00farovn\u011bmi u\u017eivatele) by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed, nedosa\u017eiteln\u00fd. Takov\u00fd rozd\u00edl obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 demotivuje nov\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed nula bod\u016f, zat\u00edmco l\u00eddr hodnocen\u00ed m\u00e1 miliony. Pro\u010d se to d\u011bje a pro\u010d nov\u00fd u\u017eivatel v takov\u00e9 situaci pomysl\u00ed, \u017ee je nemo\u017en\u00e9 dohnat l\u00eddra? Za prv\u00e9, nov\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 syst\u00e9mu je\u0161t\u011b nem\u011bli dostatek \u010dasu na to, aby porozum\u011bli dynamice z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f. Dva a\u017e t\u0159i miliony bod\u016f l\u00eddra hodnocen\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak nedosa\u017eiteln\u00e9, pokud syst\u00e9m ud\u011bluje tis\u00edce bod\u016f za ka\u017edou akci u\u017eivatele. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee demotivovan\u00fd nov\u00fd u\u017eivatel p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9m d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e to pochop\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9, probl\u00e9m je v na\u0161em p\u0159irozen\u00e9m logaritmick\u00e9m vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 \u0159ady. <\/p>\n

    Jsme zvykl\u00ed \u017e\u00edt ve sv\u011bt\u011b line\u00e1rn\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel. \u010c\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u016f, rulety a prav\u00edtka, grafy a hodiny \u2014 v\u0161ude jsou \u010d\u00edsla rozm\u00edst\u011bna pod\u00e9l \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmky v pravideln\u00fdch intervalech. Je n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, \u017ee rozd\u00edl mezi 1 a 5 a mezi 5 a 10 je stejn\u00fd. Stejn\u00fd rozd\u00edl je i mezi 1 500 000 a 1 500 505. Ve skute\u010dnosti je line\u00e1rn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel v\u00fdsledkem vlivu na\u0161\u00ed kultury, nikoli vrozenou schopnost\u00ed. Na\u0161i vzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami tis\u00edc let, nem\u011bli modern\u00ed matematick\u00fd apar\u00e1t a \u010d\u00edsla vn\u00edmali logaritmicky. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je umis\u0165ovali na \u010d\u00edselnou p\u0159\u00edmku st\u00e1le t\u011bsn\u011bji, jak rostla. Vn\u00edmali \u010d\u00edsla nikoli jako p\u0159esn\u00e9 hodnoty, ale jako p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 odhady. Bylo to nezbytn\u00e9 pro jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. P\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed s nep\u0159\u00e1teli bylo nutn\u00e9 rychle odhadnout, kolik je jich \u2014 sv\u00fdch nebo ciz\u00edch. V\u00fdb\u011br, z jak\u00e9ho stromu sb\u00edrat plody, se tak\u00e9 zakl\u00e1dal na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9m ocen\u011bn\u00ed. Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 nep\u0159esn\u011b po\u010d\u00edtali p\u0159esn\u00e9 hodnoty. Logaritmick\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la tak\u00e9 zohled\u0148uje z\u00e1kony perspektivy a na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud se d\u00edv\u00e1me na strom stoj\u00edc\u00ed ve vzd\u00e1lenosti sta metr\u016f, a na dal\u0161\u00ed strom sto metr\u016f za prvn\u00edm, druh\u00e9 sto metr\u016f se zd\u00e1 krat\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    \"Mechaniky
    \nHraj\u00edc\u00edmu b\u00edl\u00fdmi figurami na tomto obr\u00e1zku nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zn\u00e1t p\u0159esn\u00fd po\u010det \u010dern\u00fdch figur, aby pochopil, \u017ee jeho situace je \u0161patn\u00e1.<\/i><\/p>\n

    V\u00edce o logaritmick\u00e9m vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel, o v\u00fdzkumech, kter\u00e9 tuto teorii potvrzuj\u00ed, a o dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch faktech ze sv\u011bta matematiky si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v popul\u00e1rn\u011b nau\u010dn\u00e9 knize Alexe Bellose \"Alex v zemi \u010d\u00edsel. Neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 cesta do kouzeln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta matematiky.\" <\/p>\n

    Logaritmick\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel na intuitivn\u00ed \u00farovni bylo zd\u011bd\u011bno i k n\u00e1m. Skryt\u00e9 pod kulturn\u00edm povrchem se projevuje nap\u0159\u00edklad ve vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu (v d\u011btstv\u00ed l\u00e9ta ub\u00edhala pomalu, ale nyn\u00ed prost\u011b let\u00ed). I p\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed se st\u00e1le ztr\u00e1c\u00edme p\u0159i velmi velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslech a instinktivn\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme na jejich logaritmick\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Ch\u00e1peme rozd\u00edl mezi litrem a dv\u011bma litry piva, ale co deset miliard, co sto miliard litr\u016f piva se n\u00e1m zd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do kategorie 'stra\u0161n\u011b moc piva'. Proto vznik\u00e1 probl\u00e9m s pocitem nedosa\u017eitelnosti hodnocen\u00ed, pokud je rozd\u00edl mezi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pozic\u00ed a l\u00eddrem 'stra\u0161n\u011b moc' bod\u016f. U\u017eivatelsk\u00fd mozek nebude intuitivn\u011b analyzovat situaci, zkoumat dynamiku sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f, po\u010d\u00edtat \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k dosa\u017een\u00ed vrcholu hodnocen\u00ed. Proste vynese verdikt \u2014 'to je moc, nestoj\u00ed to za n\u00e1mahu.' <\/p>\n

    Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdm situac\u00edm, je t\u0159eba aplikovat plovouc\u00ed dynamiku p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f v hodnocen\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 odm\u011bny a sb\u00edr\u00e1 body hodnocen\u00ed v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9m \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu rychleji, ne\u017e ve st\u0159edu a na konci. P\u0159\u00edklad \u2014 World of Warcraft a jemu podobn\u00e9 MMORPG s 'evropsk\u00fdm' (a ne 'korejsk\u00fdm') syst\u00e9mem vylep\u0161en\u00ed postavy. Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m vylep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rychl\u00e9 projit\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed hry, co\u017e je n\u00e1sledn\u011b postupn\u011b zpomaleno. Syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v typick\u00fdch korejsk\u00fdch (a jin\u00fdch asijsk\u00fdch) hr\u00e1ch p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 prudk\u00e9 zpomalen\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed postavy.<\/p>\n

    Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve h\u0159e Lineage 2 je pot\u0159eba k dosa\u017een\u00ed 74. \u00farovn\u011b z\u00edskat 500 000 zku\u0161enost\u00ed, k 75. \u00farovni \u2014 560 000, k 76. \u00farovni \u2014 623 000, k 77. \u00farovni u\u017e mnohem v\u00edce \u2014 1 175 000, a k p\u0159echodu z 84. \u00farovn\u011b na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed 85. \u00farove\u0148 bude pot\u0159eba nasb\u00edrat 270 milion\u016f zku\u0161enost\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rychlost z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nem\u011bn\u00ed (cel\u00e1 tabulka zku\u0161enost\u00ed a \u00farovn\u00ed v Lineage 2 je dostupn\u00e1 na tento odkaz<\/a><\/noindex>). Takov\u00e9 zpomalen\u00ed se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nadm\u011brn\u00e9 v gamifikaci, proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 demotivuje u\u017eivatele. <\/p>\n

    \"Mechaniky
    \nDal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc, na kterou je dobr\u00e9 myslet, je, \u017ee u\u017eivateli je snaz\u0161\u00ed hru nebo gamifikovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m opustit na za\u010d\u00e1tku, a t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e v syst\u00e9mu str\u00e1vil hodn\u011b \u010dasu; po tom nebude u\u017eivateli p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 opustit nasb\u00edran\u00e9 body, \u00farovn\u011b a p\u0159edm\u011bty. Proto nab\u00eddn\u011bme nov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm do\u010dasn\u00fd bonus k nasb\u00edran\u00fdm bod\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad +50 % po dobu jednoho m\u011bs\u00edce. Tento bonus bude slou\u017eit jako dodate\u010dn\u00fd podn\u011bt k pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, b\u011bhem doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed bonusu si u\u017eivatel ocen\u00ed rychlost sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f, zorientuje se a s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed bude nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159\u00edklad chyby demotivuj\u00edc\u00edho skoku v hodnocen\u00ed - aplikace Gett Taxi. P\u0159ed posledn\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed bylo v programu loajality dvacet \u00farovn\u00ed, pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 bylo pot\u0159eba 6000 bod\u016f (za jednu j\u00edzdu se ud\u011blovalo pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 20-30 bod\u016f). V\u0161echny dvacet \u00farovn\u00ed bylo rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozlo\u017eeno na \u0161k\u00e1le od 0 do 6000, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v souladu s evropsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem pro vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v online hr\u00e1ch. Po aktualizaci byly do aplikace p\u0159id\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i \u00farovn\u011b na 10 000, 20 000 a 40 000 bod\u016f, co\u017e je bl\u00ed\u017ee korejsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u010det bod\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch za j\u00edzdu se nezm\u011bnil). Nem\u00e1m reprezentativn\u00ed vzorek n\u00e1zor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f aplikace na tuto aktualizaci, ale osmn\u00e1ct m\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1tel a koleg\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Gett Taxi, si v\u0161imlo demotivuj\u00edc\u00edho efektu nov\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed. Nikdo z nich od doby aktualizace (v\u00edce ne\u017e rok) nez\u00edskal ani jednu novou \u00farove\u0148. <\/p>\n

    \"Mechaniky
    \nRozd\u00edl mezi t\u0159emi nov\u00fdmi a p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi \u00farovn\u011bmi v programu loajality Gett Taxi je nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b velk\u00fd a demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n

    Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo demotivuj\u00edc\u00edmu skoku v hodnocen\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9, krom\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed, p\u0159idat do syst\u00e9mu m\u00edstn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kde budou rozd\u00edly mezi pozicemi men\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    Mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby rozd\u011blen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Mezi p\u0159\u00e1teli. Zobrazuje hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze z p\u0159\u00e1tel u\u017eivatele. Lid\u00e9 r\u00e1di sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed ne s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem, jeho\u017e pouze zn\u00e1me p\u0159ezd\u00edvku (takov\u00fd protivn\u00edk se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed od bota), ale s p\u0159\u00e1teli a zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi.<\/li>\n
    2. Podle \u010dasu. Hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno za ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (den, t\u00fdden, m\u011bs\u00edc, rok). Je dobr\u00e9 pro nulov\u00e1n\u00ed a znovuhratelnost. Nepoda\u0159ilo se vyhr\u00e1t tento t\u00fdden \u2013 pokus\u00edm se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden, a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 odchylky se pravideln\u011b nuluj\u00ed a nerostou do astronomick\u00fdch hodnot.<\/li>\n
    3. Podle geografick\u00e9ho c\u00edlen\u00ed. Hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zobrazuje pouze u\u017eivatele z ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti (okres, m\u011bsto, zem\u011b, kontinent). V takov\u00e9 situaci \u0159ekl Gaius Julius Caesar, kdy\u017e proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl chud\u00fdm barbarsk\u00fdm m\u011bstem: \u201elep\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdt prvn\u00edm zde, ne\u017e druh\u00fdm v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.\u201c<\/li>\n
    4. Podle pohlav\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 porovnejte v\u00fdsledky mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een, hraj\u00edc\u00ed na popul\u00e1rn\u00edch feministick\u00fdch a \u0161ovinistick\u00fdch motivech (pou\u017e\u00edvejte opatrn\u011b, mohou nastat proudy nen\u00e1visti a exkrement\u016f z obou stran).<\/li>\n
    5. Podle v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v gamifikaci sportovn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a syst\u00e9m\u016f, kde jsou dovednosti m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se s v\u011bkem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad projekty motivuj\u00edc\u00ed lidi k sportov\u00e1n\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed nahr\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky a vid\u011bt v\u00fdsledky ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee 65let\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku bude mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ub\u011bhnout stejnou vzd\u00e1lenost jako dvacetilet\u00e9mu, a sout\u011b\u017eit se sv\u00fdmi vrstevn\u00edky bude mnohem zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edklad z druh\u00e9 strany \u2013 online \u0161achy a jin\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed hry, ve kter\u00fdch bude zku\u0161en\u00fd velmistr nedosti\u017en\u00fd pro \u010dtrn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho teenagera.<\/li>\n
    6. Podle dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f o u\u017eivatel\u00edch, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m (hodnocen\u00ed pouze pro \u0159idi\u010de Mercedes\u016f, pouze pro instalat\u00e9ry, pouze pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed, pouze pro elfy 120. \u00farovn\u011b).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nLibovoln\u011b kombinujte v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 metody mezi sebou, nebojte se s nimi experimentovat. <\/p>\n

      P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed gamifikovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu sledujte, jak moc hodnocen\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 c\u00edl\u016fm stanoven\u00fdm b\u011bhem n\u00e1vrhu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud bylo c\u00edlem hodnocen\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f v u\u017eivatele s vysok\u00fdm hodnocen\u00edm, zam\u011b\u0159te se na nalezen\u00ed a omezen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch \u010destn\u00fdch i ne\u010destn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f rychl\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladem d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed je slo\u017eitost jeho z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed a mo\u017enost jeho rychl\u00e9ho ztracen\u00ed. Pokud se v syst\u00e9mu najdou skuliny pro neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u011b rychl\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, d\u016fv\u011bra u\u017eivatel\u016f v n\u011bho r\u00e1zn\u011b poklesne. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud bude na internetov\u00e9 aukci mo\u017enost zvy\u0161ovat hodnocen\u00ed prodejce za ka\u017edou uskute\u010dn\u011bnou transakci s ka\u017ed\u00fdm u\u017eivatelem, pak si dva u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou udr\u017eovat sv\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni t\u00edm, \u017ee si navz\u00e1jem zakoup\u00ed levn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed (ide\u00e1ln\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00ed). P\u0159itom mohou negativn\u00ed recenze na nekvalitn\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo podvody b\u00fdt zcela poh\u0159beny masou fale\u0161n\u00fdch pozitivn\u00edch recenz\u00ed, co\u017e vede k riziku ztr\u00e1ty d\u016fv\u011bry v syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

      Na z\u00e1v\u011br p\u0159id\u00e1m je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159i tipy pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed a \u00farovn\u00ed:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Neukazujte u\u017eivateli po\u010det bod\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b. To demotivuje nov\u00e1\u010dky, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b neznaj\u00ed rychlost z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f v syst\u00e9mu a mo\u017enosti jejich z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel vid\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 se dosahuje za 10 bod\u016f, druh\u00e1 za 20 a dvac\u00e1t\u00e1 ji\u017e za sto tis\u00edc, je to demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed. Sto tis\u00edc se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nedosa\u017eiteln\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem.<\/li>\n
      2. Po\u010det bod\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 ukazujte s ohledem na nabran\u00e9. U\u017eivatel z\u00edskal 10 bod\u016f, p\u0159e\u0161el na druhou \u00farove\u0148 a do dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b mu zb\u00fdv\u00e1 20 bod\u016f. Neukazujte pokrok u\u017eivatele jako 0 z 20, rad\u011bji uka\u017ete jako 10 z 30. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte iluzi nedokon\u010den\u00e9ho \u00fakolu, n\u00e1\u0161 mozog nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d nedokon\u010den\u00e9 \u00fakoly a sna\u017e\u00ed se je dokon\u010dit. Tak funguje mechanika progress-bar\u016f, tento princip je vhodn\u00fd i v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b. Logaritmick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed je zde tak\u00e9 v\u00fdhodou. Kdy\u017e vid\u00edme, \u017ee jsme z\u00edskali 450 z 500 bod\u016f zku\u0161enosti, zd\u00e1 se n\u00e1m, \u017ee je \u00fakol t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokon\u010den.<\/li>\n
      3. P\u0159ipom\u00ednejte u\u017eivateli jeho \u00fasp\u011bchy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch syst\u00e9mu (u\u017eivatel si t\u0159eba ani nemus\u00ed uv\u011bdomovat, \u017ee je tento t\u00fdden mezi t\u0159emi nejlep\u0161\u00edmi mu\u017ei ve sv\u00e9m regionu).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se neuch\u00e1z\u00edm o vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed anal\u00fdzu mo\u017en\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed mechaniky \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, a proto jsem ur\u010dit\u011b nezm\u00ednil n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady a mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1te zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u016f ve hr\u00e1ch a gamifikovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, pod\u011blte se o n\u011b se mnou a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i.
        \n
        Zdroj:         habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Mechaniky gamifikace: \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek | ProHoster","description":"\u017deb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. 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