{"id":36120,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-raspredelyonnoj-subd-tidb-3-0\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:43","slug":"vypusk-raspredelyonnoj-subd-tidb-3-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-raspredelyonnoj-subd-tidb-3-0","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS TiDB 3.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pingcap.com\/blog\/tidb-3.0-announcement\/\">Dostupn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> uvoln\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pingcap.com\/index\">TiDB 3.0<\/a><\/noindex>, vyvinut\u00e9 pod dojmem technologi\u00ed Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/research.google.com\/archive\/spanner.html\">Spanner<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/research.google.com\/pubs\/pub38125.html\">F1<\/a><\/noindex>. TiDB pat\u0159\u00ed do kategorie hybridn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f HTAP (Hybrid Transactional\/Analytical Processing), schopn\u00fdch jak poskytovat prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed transakc\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase (OLTP), tak vykon\u00e1vat zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed analytick\u00fdch dotaz\u016f. Projekt je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Go a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pingcap\/tidb\">distribuov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> pod licenc\u00ed Apache 2.0.<\/p>\n<p>Vlastnosti TiDB:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora SQL a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed klientsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed kompatibiln\u00edho s protokolem MySQL, co\u017e zjednodu\u0161uje adaptaci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, napsan\u00fdch pro MySQL, na TiDB a tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 klientsk\u00e9 knihovny. Krom\u011b protokolu MySQL lze pro p\u0159\u00edstup k DBMS pou\u017e\u00edt API zalo\u017een\u00e9 na JSON a konektor pro Spark.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mezi mo\u017enosti SQL pat\u0159\u00ed podpora index\u016f, agrega\u010dn\u00ed funkce, v\u00fdrazy GROUP BY, ORDER BY, DISTINCT, spojen\u00ed (LEFT JOIN \/ RIGHT JOIN \/ CROSS JOIN), pohledy, okna funkc\u00ed a subdotazy. Poskytovan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9 k tomu, aby mohly podporovat provoz s TiDB webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, jako jsou PhpMyAdmin, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gogs.io\/\">Gogs<\/a><\/noindex> a WordPress;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odolnosti proti v\u00fdpadk\u016fm: velikost \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon lze zvy\u0161ovat jednoduch\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm nov\u00fdch uzl\u016f. Data jsou distribuov\u00e1na mezi uzly s redundanc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pokra\u010dovat v pr\u00e1ci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch uzl\u016f. Selh\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1na automaticky.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Syst\u00e9m zaru\u010duje konzistenci a pro klientsk\u00fd software vypad\u00e1 jako jedna velk\u00e1 DBMS, a\u010dkoli pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed transakce jsou zapojeny data z mnoha uzl\u016f.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro fyzick\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat na uzlech mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity r\u016fzn\u00e9 backendy, nap\u0159\u00edklad lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b GoLevelDB a BoltDB nebo vlastn\u00ed engine distribuovan\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pingcap\/tikv\">TiKV<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost asynchronn\u00edch zm\u011bn sch\u00e9matu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje na m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1vat sloupce a indexy bez zastaven\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch operac\u00ed.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pingcap\/tidb\/releases\/tag\/v3.0.0\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla provedena pr\u00e1ce na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. Ve testu Sysbench verze 3.0 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011btev 2.1 v 1,5x p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed select a update, a ve testu TPC-C pak 4,5x. Optimalizace se dotkly r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f dotaz\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b poddotaz\u016f \u201eIN\u201c, \u201eDO\u201c a \u201eNOT EXISTS\u201c, operac\u00ed spojov\u00e1n\u00ed tabulek (JOIN), pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed index\u016f a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch;<br \/>\n<center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pingcap.com\/images\/blog\/oltp-point-select-in-sysbench-and-tidb-2.1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS TiDB 3.0 \" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f4c63d50663f95fb877fa111810439f3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pingcap.com\/images\/blog\/tpc-c-results-for-tidb-3.0-and-tidb-2.1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS TiDB 3.0 \" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/89768360adce73a07b9248cf286053bd.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n nov\u00fd engine \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b TiFlash, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed analytick\u00fdch \u00faloh (OLAP) d\u00edky ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b sloupc\u016f. TiFlash dopl\u0148uje d\u0159\u00edve nab\u00edzen\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b TiKV, kter\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 data ve form\u00e1tu kl\u00ed\u010d\/hodnota po \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch a je pro \u00fakoly zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed transakc\u00ed (OLTP) v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. TiFlash pracuje vedle TiKV a data se i nad\u00e1le replikuj\u00ed v TiKV pomoc\u00ed protokolu Raft pro ur\u010den\u00ed konsenzu, ale pro ka\u017edou skupinu replik Raft se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e1 replikace, kter\u00e1 je vyu\u017eita v TiFlash. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed zdroj\u016f mezi \u00fakoly OLTP a OLAP a tak\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed data okam\u017eit\u011b dostupn\u00e1 pro analytick\u00e9 dotazy;\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pingcap.com\/images\/blog\/tidb-htap-architecture-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS TiDB 3.0 \" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ba4a4e5e9c9390c7db6fcdb4e88e7e40.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl implementov\u00e1n distribuovan\u00fd sb\u011bra\u010d odpadk\u016f, kter\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje rychlost sb\u011bru odpadk\u016f ve velk\u00fdch clusterech a zvy\u0161uje stabilitu provozu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizace syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu na z\u00e1klad\u011b rol\u00ed (RBAC). Tak\u00e9 byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v pro operace ANALYZE, USE, SET GLOBAL a SHOW PROCESSLIST;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edvat SQL v\u00fdrazy pro v\u00fdb\u011br ze souboru pomal\u00fdch dotaz\u016f;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl implementov\u00e1n mechanismus rychl\u00e9 obnovy odstran\u011bn\u00fdch tabulek, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obnovit n\u00e1hodn\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00e1 data;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl unified form\u00e1t zapisovan\u00fdch log\u016f;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pesimistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu z\u00e1mk\u016f, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed transakc\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 MySQL;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro oknov\u00e9 funkce (window funkce nebo analytick\u00e9 funkce), kompatibiln\u00ed s MySQL 8.0. Oknov\u00e9 funkce umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek dotazu prov\u00e9st v\u00fdpo\u010dty pomoc\u00ed jin\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od agrega\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 shrnuj\u00ed seskupenou sadu \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f do jednoho \u0159\u00e1dku, oknov\u00e9 funkce prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed agregaci na z\u00e1klad\u011b obsahu \u201eokna\u201c, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho jeden nebo v\u00edce \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f z v\u00fdsledkov\u00e9 sady. Mezi implementovan\u00e9 oknov\u00e9 funkce pat\u0159\u00ed:<br \/>\nNTILE, LEAD, LAG, PERCENT_RANK, NTH_VALUE, CUME_DIST, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE, RANK, DENSE_RANK a ROW_NUMBER;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora pohled\u016f (VIEW);\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl vylep\u0161en syst\u00e9m odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed (partitions), byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost distribuce dat do sekc\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozsahu hodnot nebo hash\u016f;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n r\u00e1mec pro v\u00fdvoj plugin\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ji\u017e byly p\u0159ipraveny pluginy pro pou\u017eit\u00ed whitelistu IP nebo veden\u00ed auditu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora funkce \u201eEXPLAIN ANALYZE\u201c pro sestaven\u00ed pl\u00e1nu vykon\u00e1n\u00ed SQL dotazu (SQL Plan Management);\n<li class=\"l\">  Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz next_row_id pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho \u0159\u00e1dku;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 vestav\u011bn\u00e9 funkce JSON_QUOTE, JSON_ARRAY_APPEND, JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE, BENCHMARK, COALESCE a NAME_CONST.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51060\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 TiDB 3.0, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 Google Spanner \u0438 F1. TiDB \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c HTAP (Hybrid Transactional\/Analytical Processing), \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (OLTP), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Go \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 Apache 2.0. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 TiDB: \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 SQL [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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