{"id":36231,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:23","slug":"free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","title":{"rendered":"Free as in Freedom \u010desky: Kapitola 6. Komuna Emacs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b: Kapitola 1. Osudov\u00e1 tisk\u00e1rna<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom v ru\u0161tin\u011b: Kapitola 2. 2001: Hackerova odysea<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b: Kapitola 3. Portr\u00e9t hackera v ml\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u010desky: Kapitola 4. Zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed boha<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u010desky: Kapitola 5. Potok svobody<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Komuna Emacs<\/h1>\n

Laborato\u0159 AI v 70. letech byla v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm m\u00edstem, kde se setk\u00e1valy v\u0161echny my\u0161lenky. Prob\u00edhala zde \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 \u010dinnost a pracovali zde ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00edci, tak\u017ee byla laborato\u0159 neust\u00e1le na o\u010d\u00edch v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jej\u00ed hackersk\u00e1 kultura a rebelsk\u00fd duch kolem n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ely aureolu posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Jen kdy\u017e z Laborato\u0159e ode\u0161lo mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f a \"rockov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd programov\u00e1n\u00ed\", hacke\u0159i poc\u00edtili celou mytologi\u010dnost a efem\u00e9rnost sv\u011bta, v n\u011bm\u017e \u017eili.<\/p>\n

\"Laborato\u0159 byla pro n\u00e1s n\u011bco jako Eden,\" \u2013 vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Stallman v \u010dl\u00e1nku Forbes<\/em> z roku 1998, \u2013 \"nikomu ani na mysl nep\u0159i\u0161lo se odd\u011blovat od ostatn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f m\u00edsto toho, aby spolupracovali.\"<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 popisy v duchu mytologie zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd fakt: 9. patro Technoskweru bylo pro mnoh\u00e9 hackery nejen pracovn\u00edm m\u00edstem, ale tak\u00e9 domovem.<\/p>\n

Slovo \"domov\" pou\u017eil s\u00e1m Richard Stallman, a my v\u00edme, jak p\u0159esn\u00fd a opatrn\u00fd je ve sv\u00fdch vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edch. Po pro\u017eit\u00ed \"studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\" se sv\u00fdmi rodi\u010di Richard st\u00e1le pova\u017euje za to, \u017ee do Carrier House, jeho harvardsk\u00e9ho koleje, nikdy nem\u011bl skute\u010dn\u00fd domov. Podle jeho slov ho v harvardsk\u00fdch letech tr\u00e1pil pouze jeden strach \u2013 b\u00fdt vylou\u010den. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159il jsem pochybnost, \u017ee by tak vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed student, jako je Stallman, m\u011bl riziko vylou\u010den\u00ed. Ale Richard mi p\u0159ipomn\u011bl sv\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s discipl\u00ednou.<\/p>\n

\"Na Harvardu si velmi cen\u00ed discipl\u00edny, a pokud vynech\u00e1\u0161 hodiny, rychle t\u011b po\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o odchod,\" \u2013 \u0159ekl.<\/p>\n

Po ukon\u010den\u00ed Harvardu Stallman ztratil pr\u00e1vo na kolejn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, a nikdy nem\u011bl touhu se vracet k rodi\u010d\u016fm do New Yorku. Tak se vydal po cest\u011b, kterou vykro\u010dili Greenblatt, Gosper, Sassman a mnoz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed hacke\u0159i \u2013 zapsal se do postgradu\u00e1ln\u00edho studia na MIT, pronajal si pokoj bl\u00edzko v Cambridge a v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu tr\u00e1vil v Laborato\u0159i AI. Ve sv\u00e9m projevu z roku 1986 Richard takto popsal toto obdob\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\n

As someone who has probably spent more time than others in the Laboratory, I can say that I lived there for several months due to various reasons that caused me to lose my housing every year or two. I always felt very comfortable there, especially during the hot summers when it was cool inside. It was quite common for people to spend the night in the Laboratory, driven by the fervent enthusiasm that dominated us all. Sometimes a hacker simply could not stop and worked at the computer until completely exhausted, at which point they would crawl to the nearest soft horizontal surface. In short, it had a very relaxed, homely atmosphere.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ale tato dom\u00e1c\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra ob\u010das vytv\u00e1\u0159ela probl\u00e9my. To, co n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pova\u017eovali za domov, jin\u00ed vid\u011bli jako doup\u011b elektronick\u00e9ho opia. V knize «S\u00edla po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a motivace \u010dlov\u011bka» v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk MIT Joseph Weizenbaum ost\u0159e kritizoval «po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou explozi» \u2013 jak to nazval, nast\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed hacker\u016f do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch center jako je Laborato\u0159 AI. «Jejich poma\u010dkan\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed, neumyt\u00e9 vlasy a neoholen\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se zcela ob\u011btovali po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm a necht\u011bj\u00ed vid\u011bt, k \u010demu to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st, – psal Weizenbaum, – tito po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed vygumovan\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed pouze pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.»<\/p>\n

Po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed se Stallman st\u00e1le roz\u010diluje, kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00ed Weizenbaumovu fr\u00e1zi: «po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed vygumovan\u00ed». «On chce, abychom byli v\u0161ichni jen profesion\u00e1ly \u2013 abychom d\u011blali pr\u00e1ci pro pen\u00edze, v ur\u010den\u00fd \u010das vst\u00e1vali a odch\u00e1zeli, vyhnali si z hlavy v\u0161echno, co s t\u00edm souvis\u00ed, – \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Stallman tak v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b, jako by byl Weizenbaum vedle n\u011bj a mohl ho sly\u0161et, – ale to, co on pova\u017euje za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek v\u011bc\u00ed, j\u00e1 pova\u017euji za znepokojivou trag\u00e9dii.»<\/p>\n

\u017divot hackera v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed bez trag\u00e9die. S\u00e1m Richard tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jeho p\u0159echod z v\u00edkendov\u00e9ho hackera na hackera 24\/7 je v\u00fdsledkem cel\u00e9 \u0159ady bolestiv\u00fdch epizod z jeho ml\u00e1d\u00ed, z nich\u017e se dalo uniknout jen v euforii hackov\u00e1n\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed takovou bolest\u00ed bylo ukon\u010den\u00ed Harvardu, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1hle zm\u011bnilo jeho klidn\u00fd a pohodov\u00fd \u017eivot. Stallman nastoupil na postgradu\u00e1ln\u00ed studium na MIT na odd\u011blen\u00ed fyziky, aby n\u00e1sledoval velk\u00e9 osobnosti jako Richard Feynman, William Shockley a Murray Gell-Mann, a aby nemusel jezdit o 2 m\u00edle nav\u00edc do Laborato\u0159e AI a nov\u00e9ho PDP-10. «T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161kerou svou pozornost jsem st\u00e1le v\u011bnoval programov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel jsem, jestli bych mohl p\u0159i tom studovat fyziku,» – vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Stallman.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Richard studoval fyziku ve dne a hackoval v noci, sna\u017eil se dos\u00e1hnout ide\u00e1ln\u00edho vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladem t\u011bchto geekovsk\u00fdch houpa\u010dek byly t\u00fddenn\u00ed sch\u016fzky tane\u010dn\u00edho klubu. To byla jeho jedin\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazba na opa\u010dn\u00e9 pohlav\u00ed a na sv\u011bt b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak bl\u00ed\u017eil konec prvn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku na MIT, stala se trag\u00e9die \u2013 Richard si poranil koleno a nemohl tan\u010dit. Myslel si, \u017ee to je do\u010dasn\u00e9, a pokra\u010doval v n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch klubu, poslouchal hudbu a pov\u00eddal si s p\u0159\u00e1teli. Ale l\u00e9to skon\u010dilo, koleno st\u00e1le bolelo a noha \u0161patn\u011b fungovala. Tehdy Stallman za\u010dal m\u00edt podez\u0159en\u00ed a obavy. \u201eUv\u011bdomil jsem si, \u017ee se to u\u017e nezlep\u0161\u00ed,\u201c vzpom\u00edn\u00e1, \u201ea \u017ee u\u017e nikdy nebudu moci tan\u010dit. To m\u011b jednodu\u0161e zabilo.\u201c<\/p>\n

Bez harvardsk\u00e9ho koleje a bez tance se Stallmanova soci\u00e1ln\u00ed existence okam\u017eit\u011b smrskla. Tanec byl jedinou v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ho nejen spojovala s lidmi, ale tak\u00e9 mu poskytovala skute\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost se setkat se \u017eenami. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd tanec \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sch\u016fzky, co\u017e Richardovi obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vadilo.<\/p>\n

\u201eVe v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010dasu jsem byl \u00fapln\u011b deprimovan\u00fd,\u201c popisuje Richard toto obdob\u00ed, \u201enic jsem nemohl a ani necht\u011bl d\u011blat, krom\u011b hackov\u00e1n\u00ed. Naprost\u00fd zoufalstv\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lem p\u0159estal komunikovat se sv\u011btem a zcela se pono\u0159il do pr\u00e1ce. Do \u0159\u00edjna 1975 fakticky p\u0159estal studovat fyziku a MIT. Programov\u00e1n\u00ed se z kon\u00ed\u010dku stalo hlavn\u00ed a jedinou \u010dinnost\u00ed jeho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Dnes Richard \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to bylo nevyhnuteln\u00e9. D\u0159\u00edve nebo pozd\u011bji by vol\u00e1n\u00ed sir\u00e9n hackov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehlu\u0161ilo v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed touhy. \u201eV matematice a fyzice jsem nedok\u00e1zal vytvo\u0159it nic vlastn\u00edho, ani jsem si nedok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, jak na to. Jen jsem kombinoval u\u017e vytvo\u0159en\u00e9, a to m\u011b neuspokojovalo. Ale v programov\u00e1n\u00ed jsem okam\u017eit\u011b pochopil, jak vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 v\u011bci, a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 okam\u017eit\u011b vid\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee funguj\u00ed a \u017ee jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed, a cht\u011bl bys programovat znovu a znovu.\u201c<\/p>\n

Stallman nen\u00ed prvn\u00edm, kdo spojuje hacking s intenzivn\u00edm pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm. Mnoz\u00ed hacke\u0159i z Laborato\u0159e AI se rovn\u011b\u017e mohou pochlubit opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm studiem a nedokon\u010den\u00fdmi tituly v matematice \u010di elektrotechnice \u2013 pouze proto, \u017ee se v \u010dist\u00e9 radosti z programov\u00e1n\u00ed utopily v\u0161echny akademick\u00e9 ambice. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee Tom\u00e1\u0161 Akvinsk\u00fd se sv\u00fdmi fanatick\u00fdmi studiemi scholastiky dost\u00e1val do stav\u016f vid\u011bn\u00ed a pocitu Boha. Hake\u0159i za\u017e\u00edvali podobn\u00e9 stavy na pokraji nebesk\u00e9 euforie po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto Stallman a v\u011bt\u0161ina hacker\u016f se vyh\u00fdbali drog\u00e1m \u2013 po dvaceti hodin\u00e1ch hackov\u00e1n\u00ed byli stejn\u011b jako \"na drog\u00e1ch\".<\/p>\n

Zdroj: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 1. \u0420\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 2. 2001: \u0425\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 3. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 4. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 5. \u0420\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0451\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430 Emacs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Free as in Freedom v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b: Kapitola 6. Komuna Emacs | ProHoster","description":"Free as in Freedom v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b: Kapitola 1.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 6. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430 Emacs | ProHoster","og:description":"Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 1.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:10:23+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:10:23+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"36231","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-22 02:30:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:48:26","updated":"2026-01-22 02:30:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36231\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}