{"id":36394,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","title":{"rendered":"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na internetu je mo\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt mnoho materi\u00e1l\u016f o protokolu RSTP. V r\u00e1mci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku navrhuji porovnat protokol RSTP s propriet\u00e1rn\u00edm protokolem od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact <\/a><\/noindex>\u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Podrobnosti o implementaci RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Obecn\u00e9 informace<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Doba konvergence<\/i> \u2013 1-10 s<br \/>\n<i>Mo\u017en\u00e9 topologie<\/i> \u2013 jak\u00e1koli<\/p>\n<p>Existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee RSTP umo\u017e\u0148uje spojit switche pouze v kruhu:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6cc708e397d6fbfd3d3ff0bd67dab9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAle RSTP umo\u017e\u0148uje spojov\u00e1n\u00ed switch\u016f libovoln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad s takovou topologi\u00ed si RSTP porad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f204b8915afaae5183a0be55c660385d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Princip \u010dinnosti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP redukuje jakoukoli topologii na strom. Jeden ze switch\u016f se st\u00e1v\u00e1 centrem topologie \u2013 ko\u0159enov\u00fdm switchem. Ko\u0159enov\u00fd switch propou\u0161t\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n<p>Princip \u010dinnosti RSTP je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>nap\u00e1jen\u00ed se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 do switch\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>vyb\u00edr\u00e1 se ko\u0159enov\u00fd switch;<\/li>\n<li>ostatn\u00ed switche ur\u010duj\u00ed nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed cestu k ko\u0159enov\u00e9mu switchi;<\/li>\n<li>zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kan\u00e1ly se blokuj\u00ed a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edmi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<i>V\u00fdb\u011br ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho switche<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Switche s RSTP si vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed BPDU pakety. BPDU je servisn\u00ed paket, kter\u00fd obsahuje informace RSTP. BPDU m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dva typy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configuration BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Topology Change Notification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nConfiguration BPDU se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed topologie. Odes\u00edl\u00e1 jej pouze ko\u0159enov\u00fd switch. Configuration BPDU obsahuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor odes\u00edlatele (Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho switche (Root Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor portu, ze kter\u00e9ho byl tento paket odesl\u00e1n (Port ID);<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1klady na cestu k ko\u0159enov\u00e9mu switchi (Root Path Cost).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTopology Change Notification m\u016f\u017ee odeslat jak\u00fdkoli switch. Odes\u00edlaj\u00ed se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zm\u011bny topologie.<\/p>\n<p>Po zapnut\u00ed se v\u0161echny switche pova\u017euj\u00ed za ko\u0159enov\u00e9. Za\u010dnou pos\u00edlat BPDU pakety. Jakmile switch obdr\u017e\u00ed BPDU s men\u0161\u00edm Bridge ID ne\u017e jeho vlastn\u00ed, p\u0159estane se pova\u017eovat za ko\u0159enov\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Bridge ID se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou hodnot \u2013 MAC adresy a priorita bridge. MAC adresu nem\u016f\u017eeme zm\u011bnit. Priorita bridge je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed 32768. Pokud nebudeme m\u011bnit prioritu bridge, stane se ko\u0159enov\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010dem ten s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed MAC adresou. P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed MAC adresou je nejstar\u0161\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 ne nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Doporu\u010duje se ru\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit ko\u0159enov\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d topologie. K tomu je t\u0159eba na ko\u0159enov\u00e9m p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010di nastavit malou prioritu bridge (nap\u0159\u00edklad 0). Lze tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d t\u00edm, \u017ee mu p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00edme o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritu bridge (nap\u0159\u00edklad 4096).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f5142141d67a8d8704b8caa5c4f20109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Volba cesty k ko\u0159enov\u00e9mu p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010di<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ko\u0159enov\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do v\u0161ech aktivn\u00edch port\u016f pakety BPDU. BPDU m\u00e1 pole Path Cost. Path Cost ozna\u010duje n\u00e1klady cesty. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jsou n\u00e1klady cesty, t\u00edm d\u00e9le trv\u00e1 p\u0159enos paketu. Kdy\u017e BPDU proch\u00e1z\u00ed portem, do pole Path Cost se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1klady. P\u0159idan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1klady portu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/99a7fa4cd3eec220285a4c83545d8bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK Path Cost se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnota p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu BPDU p\u0159es jak\u00fdkoli port. Tato hodnota, kterou p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1klady portu (Port Cost) a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ur\u010dena jak ru\u010dn\u011b, tak automaticky. N\u00e1klady portu lze stanovit jak ru\u010dn\u011b, tak automaticky.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 nekorenov\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d n\u011bkolik alternativn\u00edch cest k ko\u0159enov\u00e9mu, vybere si tu nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed. Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 Path Cost t\u011bchto cest. Ten port, ze kter\u00e9ho p\u0159i\u0161lo BPDU s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1klady na cestu, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ko\u0159enov\u00fdm portem (Root Port).<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/49817c79ddadb0019986b67568123739.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4bd719750839a627771aeee41b45ae5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/861e37223cc924163d9e71e9ff06bdb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nCeny port\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159i\u0159azeny automaticky, lze zobrazit v tabulce:<\/p>\n<p>Rychlost p\u0159enosu dat portu<br \/>\nN\u00e1klady portu<\/p>\n<p>10 Mb\/s<br \/>\n2 000 000<\/p>\n<p>100 Mb\/s<br \/>\n200 000<\/p>\n<p>1 Gb\/s<br \/>\n20 000<\/p>\n<p>10 Gb\/s<br \/>\n2 000<\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Role a stavy port\u016f<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Porty p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik stav\u016f a rol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><i>Stavy port\u016f (pro STP):<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disabled \u2013 neaktivn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 BPDU, ale nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Listening \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU. Data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU. P\u0159ipravuje se na p\u0159enos dat \u2013 pln\u00ed tabulku MAC adres.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data, poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDoba konvergence STP \u2013 30-50 sekund. Po zapnut\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de proch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u0161echny porty v\u0161emi stavy. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m stavu je port po n\u011bkolik sekund. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u00e1 STP tak dlouhou dobu konvergence. RSTP m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b stav\u016f port\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Stavy port\u016f (pro RSTP):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 neaktivn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 BPDU, ale nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU. Data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU. P\u0159ipravuje se na p\u0159enos dat \u2013 pln\u00ed tabulku MAC adres.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data, poslouch\u00e1 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Ve RSTP jsou stavy Disabled, Blocking a Listening slou\u010deny do jednoho \u2013 Discarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRole port\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Root port \u2013 port, skrze kter\u00fd se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed data. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed cesta k root switchi.<\/li>\n<li>Designated port \u2013 port, skrze kter\u00fd se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed data. Je definov\u00e1n pro ka\u017ed\u00fd segment LAN.<\/li>\n<li>Alternate port \u2013 port, skrze kter\u00fd se data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Je alternativn\u00ed cestou k root switchi.<\/li>\n<li>Backup port \u2013 port, skrze kter\u00fd se data nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Je z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed cestou pro segment, kde je ji\u017e p\u0159ipojen jeden port s podporou RSTP. Backup port se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, pokud jsou dva kan\u00e1ly switchi p\u0159ipojeny k jednomu segmentu (mysli hub).<\/li>\n<li>Disabled port \u2013 na tomto portu je RSTP vypnuto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u00fdb\u011br Root Portu je pops\u00e1n v\u00fd\u0161e. Jak se vyb\u00edr\u00e1 Designated port?<\/p>\n<p>Nejprve si definujme, co je segment LAN. Segment LAN je kolizn\u00ed dom\u00e9na. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/domain\/\"   title=\"dom\u00e9na\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4076\">dom\u00e9na<\/a>Pro switch nebo router ka\u017ed\u00fd port tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatnou kolizn\u00ed dom\u00e9nu. Segment LAN je kan\u00e1l mezi switchemi nebo routery. Pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o hubu, v\u0161echny porty hubu jsou v jedn\u00e9 kolizn\u00ed dom\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Na jeden segment je p\u0159i\u0159azen pouze jeden Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b segment\u016f, kde ji\u017e existuj\u00ed Root Porty, je v\u0161e jasn\u00e9. Druh\u00fd port segmentu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 Designated Portem.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1699b684ba6d856905782ff8de3b90ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZ\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, kde bude jeden Designated Port a jeden Alternate Port. Jak se budou vyb\u00edrat? Designated Port se stane portem s nejmen\u0161\u00edm Path Cost k root switchi. Pokud jsou Path Costy stejn\u00e9, pak Designated Port bude ten port, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na switchi s nejmen\u0161\u00edm Bridge ID. Pokud jsou i Bridge ID stejn\u00e9, pak Designated Port se stane portem s nejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem. Druh\u00fd port bude Alternate.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/da1304c9922f1e2d738d66e543b3818e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/341ea14a428914bd0d86c7c79ad6dbcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nZ\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 posledn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: kdy je portu p\u0159i\u0159azena role Backup? Jak bylo ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bno, Backup port se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou dva kan\u00e1ly switchi p\u0159ipojeny k jednomu segmentu, tedy k hubu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se Designated Port vyb\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b podle t\u011bchto krit\u00e9ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nejmen\u0161\u00ed Path Cost k root switchi.<\/li>\n<li>Nejmen\u0161\u00ed Bridge ID.<\/li>\n<li>Nejmen\u0161\u00ed Port ID.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v s\u00edti.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Standard IEEE 802.1D neklade p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na po\u010det za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v LAN s RSTP. Standard doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat nejv\u00fd\u0161e 7 switch\u016f na jednom v\u011btvi (ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 7 skok\u016f), tedy maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 15 v kruhu. P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9to hodnoty se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zvy\u0161ovat doba konvergence s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><b>Podrobnosti implementace ERR.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Obecn\u00e9 informace<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Doba konvergence<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Doba konvergence ERR je 15 ms. P\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010dtu switch\u016f v kruhu a existenci propojen\u00ed kruh\u016f - 18 ms.<\/p>\n<p><i>Mo\u017en\u00e9 topologie<\/i><\/p>\n<p>ERR nedovoluje voln\u011b spojovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako RSTP. ERR m\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 topologie, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kruh<\/li>\n<li>Zdvojen\u00fd kruh<\/li>\n<li>Propojen\u00ed a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed kruh\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a54a8f3717948eb9066e6940f064962d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kruh<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f905a0d6a789fc16fb0fbaea5f47e861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKdy\u017e jsou v ERR spojeny v\u0161echny switche do jednoho kruhu, je nutn\u00e9 na ka\u017ed\u00e9m switchi nastavit porty, kter\u00e9 se budou \u00fa\u010dastnit budov\u00e1n\u00ed kruhu.<\/p>\n<p><i>Dvojit\u00fd kruh<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c578e1191b924f81d6cae1392f6b5fd5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nSwitche mohou b\u00fdt spojeny do dvojit\u00e9ho kruhu, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje spolehlivost kruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Omezen\u00ed dvojit\u00e9ho kruhu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dvojit\u00fd kruh nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro propojen\u00ed switch\u016f s jin\u00fdmi kruhy. K tomu je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt Ring Coupling.<\/li>\n<li>Dvojit\u00fd kruh nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro kruh propojen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/53ac9708e0cb2bf015022a0b419fb0eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0cb44b8e9256304cb9d75a98e9a43ec1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Propojen\u00ed kruh\u016f<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a140cd59223bd91d3871dd7d2b1710a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159i propojen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v s\u00edti maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 200 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Propojen\u00ed kruh\u016f zahrnuje spojen\u00ed ostatn\u00edch kruh\u016f do jednoho dal\u0161\u00edho kruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se kruh p\u0159ipojuje k kruhu propojen\u00ed p\u0159es jeden switch, naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se to <b>propojen\u00ed kruh\u016f p\u0159es jeden switch<\/b>. Pokud se k kruhu propojen\u00ed p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed dva switche z lok\u00e1ln\u00edho kruhu, pak to bude <b>propojen\u00ed p\u0159es dva switche<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i propojen\u00ed p\u0159es jeden switch se vyu\u017eij\u00ed oba porty za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Doba konvergence v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15-17 ms. P\u0159i takov\u00e9m propojen\u00ed bude switch propojen\u00ed bodem selh\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 ztr\u00e1tou tohoto switche ztr\u00e1c\u00edte z\u00e1rove\u0148 cel\u00fd kruh. Propojen\u00ed p\u0159es dva switche to umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edej\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b92b7b888a08794e21d3d2e061fd23e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46121d428a21674a437544be007ed00a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nJe mo\u017en\u00e9 spojit zdvojen\u00e9 kruhy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3864138dcc5e82b9e12753eef2292bbd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>Path Control<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/177a49f38e69c754de7af0b36d0c62e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nFunkce Path Control umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavit porty, p\u0159es kter\u00e9 budou data p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m re\u017eimu provozu. Pokud dojde k selh\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1lu a s\u00ed\u0165 se p\u0159eorientuje na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed topologii, po obnoven\u00ed kan\u00e1lu se s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159eorientuje zp\u011bt na ur\u010denou topologii.<\/p>\n<p>Tato funkce umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u0161et\u0159it na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edm kabelu. Nav\u00edc bude v\u017edy zn\u00e1ma pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 topologie pro troubleshooting.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed topologie se p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed za 15 ms. N\u00e1vratov\u00e9 p\u0159epnut\u00ed p\u0159i obnoven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nelze pou\u017e\u00edt spolu s Dual Ring.<\/li>\n<li>Funkce mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zapnuta na v\u0161ech p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u00edch v s\u00edti.<\/li>\n<li>Jeden z p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f je nastaven jako hlavn\u00ed Path Control.<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 p\u0159epnut\u00ed na hlavn\u00ed topologii po obnoven\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm 1 sekundy ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed (tato hodnota lze zm\u011bnit pomoc\u00ed SNMP v rozsahu od 0 s do 99 s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Princip \u010dinnosti<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/15b569669736d2cf9c6b0c0598b843fe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrincip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ERR<\/p>\n<p>Pro p\u0159\u00edklad vezmeme \u0161est p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f \u2013 1-6. P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de jsou propojeny do kruhu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dva porty pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k kruhu a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich stavy. P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de si navz\u00e1jem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed stavy port\u016f. Tyto \u00fadaje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro nastaven\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edho stavu port\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/930fe8518756e8cf9acab76087c81198.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPorty maj\u00ed pouze dv\u011b role \u2013 <b>Blocked<\/b> a <b>Forwarding<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi MAC adresami blokuje sv\u016fj port. V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed porty v kruhu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed data.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud blokovan\u00fd port p\u0159estane fungovat, stane se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed port s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed MAC adresou blokovan\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u010dnou p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de odes\u00edlat Ring Protocol Data Unit (R-PDU). R-PDU se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pomoc\u00ed multicastu. R-PDU je servisn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va, stejn\u011b jako BPDU v RSTP. R-PDU obsahuje stavy port\u016f p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de a jeho MAC adresu. <\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmus p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed linky<\/i><br \/>\nKdy\u017e dojde k selh\u00e1n\u00ed linky, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de odes\u00edlaj\u00ed R-PDU, aby ozn\u00e1mily zm\u011bnu stavu port\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmus p\u0159i obnoven\u00ed linky<\/i><br \/>\nKdy\u017e je selh\u00e1van\u00e1 linka op\u011bt uvedena do provozu, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de odes\u00edlaj\u00ed R-PDU, aby ozn\u00e1mily zm\u011bnu stavu port\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed MAC adresou se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fdm ko\u0159enov\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010dem.<\/p>\n<p>Selh\u00e1van\u00e1 linka se st\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/863a98f53a8792935ef492b2a798b8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0972cdee89606adec01a2924f907a8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3e873198ff0a68bd09627408ff465722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dff04828d8778263c4808ccd7594eefb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dfdb2a89ce223f0fa0eda950d411aaba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPo obnoven\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden z port\u016f linky blokovan\u00fd a druh\u00fd p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do stavu forwarding. Blokovan\u00fdm portem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 port s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost\u00ed. Pokud jsou rychlosti stejn\u00e9, blokovan\u00fdm portem se stane port p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed MAC adresou. Tento princip umo\u017e\u0148uje blokovat port, kter\u00fd p\u0159ejde z stavu blocked do stavu forwarding maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/911468a4eb3902af9ffc3bdc51958604.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v s\u00edti.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det switch\u016f v ERR kruhu \u2013 200. <\/p>\n<p><b>Interakce ERR a RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP lze pou\u017e\u00edvat v kombinaci s ERR. Ale kruh RSTP a kruh ERR se mus\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit pouze p\u0159es jeden switch.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ae522f0abf9c406542210fb8bce900fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Shrnut\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR je skv\u011blou volbou pro organizaci standardn\u00edch topologi\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kruh nebo duplika\u010dn\u00ed kruh.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5924f05c3395ac6e220b8d70a6dba79d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a2172fb28d3b37d01aea94d6673cc921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPodobn\u00e9 topologie se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed na pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch objektech.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho lze pomoc\u00ed ERR druhou topologii realizovat m\u00e9n\u011b spolehliv\u00fdm, ale levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. To lze prov\u00e9st pomoc\u00ed duplika\u010dn\u00edho kruhu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08441dd845733c46b7d0e00d7e6de37b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNen\u00ed v\u0161ak v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ERR. Existuj\u00ed dost exotick\u00e9 sch\u00e9mata. S jedn\u00edm z na\u0161ich klient\u016f jsme testovali n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed topologii.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti o implementaci protokol\u016f RSTP a propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e55fa8e688e2a66a44f36f854a2e4ad6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nV tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ERR. Pro takov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma jsme pou\u017eili RSTP. Klient m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na \u010das konvergence \u2013 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 s. Abychom dos\u00e1hli t\u00e9to doby, bylo nutn\u00e9 jasn\u011b ur\u010dit ko\u0159enov\u00e9 switche (hlavn\u00ed a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed), stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1klady na porty ru\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee ERR v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 na \u010dase konvergence, ale nenab\u00edz\u00ed takovou flexibilitu, jakou nab\u00edz\u00ed RSTP.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/460633\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 Phoenix Contact \u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RSTP \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 1-10 c \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e: \u041d\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 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