{"id":36602,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:37","slug":"epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide","title":{"rendered":"Epos o syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torech jako vyhynul\u00e9m druhu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, gratulujeme v\u00e1m k va\u0161emu profesn\u00edmu sv\u00e1tku!<\/p>\n<p>U n\u00e1s u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i nez\u016fstali (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b znalosti o nich jsou st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e9. Na po\u010dest sv\u00e1tku jsme p\u0159ipravili tento epos. Usad\u011bte se pohodln\u011b, draz\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Epos o syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torech jako vyhynul\u00e9m druhu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/33498c7af4e84e087ab11e3725131011.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nKdysi d\u00e1vno byl sv\u011bt Dodo IS v plamenech. V t\u00e9 temn\u00e9 dob\u011b byla hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem na\u0161ich syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed den a neplakat. <\/p>\n<p>Kdysi program\u00e1to\u0159i psali k\u00f3d m\u00e1lo a pomalu, a publikovali ho do produkce jen jednou t\u00fddn\u011b. Tak\u017ee probl\u00e9my vznikaly jen jednou za sedm dn\u00ed. Ale pak za\u010dali ps\u00e1t v\u00edce k\u00f3du a publikovat ho \u010dast\u011bji, probl\u00e9my se za\u010daly hromadit, n\u011bkdy se v\u0161echno rozpadlo a n\u00e1vraty zp\u011bt byly hor\u0161\u00ed. Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i trp\u011bli, ale sn\u00e1\u0161eli ten chaos. <\/p>\n<p>Ve\u010dery tr\u00e1vili doma s \u00fazkost\u00ed v du\u0161i. A poka\u017ed\u00e9 se stalo to \u201enikdy se nestalo, a te\u010f zase monitoringu pos\u00edl\u00e1 sign\u00e1l o pomoc: \u010clov\u011b\u010de, sv\u011bt ho\u0159\u00ed!\u201c. Tehdy na\u0161i s\u00edsadmi nosili sv\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, trenky p\u0159es leg\u00edny, ud\u011blali si kade\u0159 na \u010dele a let\u011bli zachra\u0148ovat sv\u011bt Dodo. <\/p>\n<p>Pozor, mal\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Klasick\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed spravuj\u00ed hardware, v Dodo IS nikdy nebyli. Hned jsme m\u011bli pokro\u010dil\u00e9 na cloudu Azure. <\/p>\n<p>Co tedy d\u011blali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kdy\u017e se n\u011bco pokazilo, ud\u011blali, aby se to opravilo;<\/li>\n<li>juggle s servery na expertn\u00ed \u00farovni;<\/li>\n<li>odpov\u00eddali za virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 v Azure; <\/li>\n<li>m\u011bli na starosti n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u011bci, nap\u0159\u00edklad interakci komponent (*\u0161eptem* o kter\u00fdch n\u011bkdy v\u016fbec nic nev\u011bd\u011bli);<\/li>\n<li>reconnecty server\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>a spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch bl\u00e1zniv\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u017divot t\u00fdmu in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f infrastruktury (tak jsme \u0159\u00edkali na\u0161im s\u00edsad\u016fm) se tehdy skl\u00e1dal z ha\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a v\u011b\u010dn\u011b se rozpadl\u00fdch testovac\u00edch st\u00e1vk\u016f. \u017dili a trp\u011bli, a pak se rozhodli zamyslet se: co je to tak \u0161patn\u00e9ho, mo\u017en\u00e1 ud\u011bl\u00e1me l\u00e9pe? Nap\u0159\u00edklad budeme lidi d\u011blit na program\u00e1tory a sysadminy?<\/p>\n<h2>\u00daloha <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Dan\u00e9:<\/b> je tu sysadmin, jeho\u017e z\u00f3nou odpov\u011bdnosti jsou servery, s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 ho spojuje s jin\u00fdmi servery, programy na \u00farovni infrastruktury (webov\u00fd server, kter\u00fd host\u00ed aplikaci, syst\u00e9m pro spr\u00e1vu datab\u00e1z\u00ed atd.). A je tu program\u00e1tor, jeho\u017e z\u00f3na odpov\u011bdnosti \u2013 funk\u010dn\u00ed k\u00f3d. <\/p>\n<p>A jsou v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 jsou na pomez\u00ed. \u010c\u00ed je tedy odpov\u011bdnost? <\/p>\n<p>Obvykle se na tomto rozhran\u00ed setk\u00e1vali na\u0161i syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i a program\u00e1to\u0159i a za\u010dalo to: <\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Kluci, nic nefunguje, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kv\u016fli infrastruktu\u0159e.<br \/>\n\u2013 Kluci, ne, je to v k\u00f3du. <\/p>\n<p>Jednou v ten moment mezi nimi za\u010dala r\u016fst ze\u010f, p\u0159es kterou si radostn\u011b h\u00e1zeli hromady hnoje. \u00dakol, jako hromadu hnoje, p\u0159ehazovali z jedn\u00e9 strany zdi na druhou. P\u0159itom se nikdo nep\u0159ibli\u017eoval k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situace. Smutn\u00fd smajl\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>Paprsek slunce pronikl mezi zata\u017een\u00e9 nebe, kdy\u017e p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety v Googlu p\u0159i\u0161li na to, \u017ee se nemaj\u00ed p\u0159ehazovat \u00fakoly, ale m\u00edsto toho d\u011blat spole\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n<h2>A co kdy\u017e pop\u00ed\u0161eme v\u0161echno jako k\u00f3d? <\/h2>\n<p>\nV roce 2016 Google vydal kn\u00ed\u017eku \"Site Reliability Engineering\" o transformaci role syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora: od mistra magie k formalizovan\u00e9mu in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k pou\u017eit\u00ed softwaru a automatizaci. Sami pro\u0161li v\u0161emi trnit\u00fdmi cestami a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami, nau\u010dili se a rozhodli se to sd\u00edlet se sv\u011btem. Kn\u00ed\u017eka je voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/landing.google.com\/sre\/books\/\">tady<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>V knize jsou zakotveny jednoduch\u00e9 pravdy: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u011blat v\u0161e jako k\u00f3d \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvat in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>d\u011blat dobr\u00fd monitoring \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>nedovolovat proj\u00edt slu\u017eb\u011b, pokud nem\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 logov\u00e1n\u00ed a monitoring \u2013 tak\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTyto praktiky si p\u0159e\u010detl n\u00e1\u0161 Gleb (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/entropy\/\" class=\"user_link\">entropy<\/a><\/noindex>), a za\u010dalo to. Zav\u00e1d\u00edme! Nyn\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00edme v p\u0159echodn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi. T\u00fdm SRE je sestaven (m\u00e1me 6 p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f, dal\u0161\u00edch 6 je v onboardingu) a je p\u0159ipraven m\u011bnit sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd je zcela slo\u017een z k\u00f3du, k lep\u0161\u00edmu.<\/p>\n<p>Budujeme na\u0161i infrastrukturu tak, aby umo\u017enila v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm pln\u011b samostatn\u011b spravovat sv\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a spolupracovat s SRE.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u011b\u0161t\u00edme m\u00edsto z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f.<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je cenn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale k znalostem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou tak\u00e9 pot\u0159eba vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed dovednosti v oblasti softwarov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9my se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edmi a vysoce specializovan\u00e9 znalosti o administraci hardwarov\u00fdch server\u016f jsou ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem m\u00e9n\u011b \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9. Cloudov\u00e9 technologie nahrazuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor by v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti m\u011bl m\u00edt slu\u0161n\u00e9 dovednosti v oblasti softwarov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. A je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe, pokud by m\u011bl dobr\u00e9 dovednosti v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Nikdo neum\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt budoucnost, dokud nenastane, ale v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu bude \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l m\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou cht\u00edt neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ovat sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed sbor syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, p\u0159\u00edznivci z\u016fstanou. Dnes m\u00e1lokdo jezd\u00ed na kon\u00edch, v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed automobily, p\u0159esto\u017ee jsou nad\u0161enci... <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echno nejlep\u0161\u00ed k dni sysadmin\u016f, a\u0165 k\u00f3duje ka\u017ed\u00fd!<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dodopizzaio\/blog\/461447\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c! \u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c (\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u043e. \u0412 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0441. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. Once upon a time \u043c\u0438\u0440 Dodo IS \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27407,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c! 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