{"id":36632,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/globaly-mechi-kladentsy-dlya-hraneniya-dannyh-razrezhennye-massivy-chast-3\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","slug":"globaly-mechi-kladentsy-dlya-hraneniya-dannyh-razrezhennye-massivy-chast-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/globaly-mechi-kladentsy-dlya-hraneniya-dannyh-razrezhennye-massivy-chast-3","title":{"rendered":"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ac6eefbfb9d7cc28c3f2ca85c7d1adb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/company\/intersystems\/blog\/263791\/\">1<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/company\/intersystems\/blog\/264173\/\">2<\/a><\/noindex>) jsme hovo\u0159ili o glob\u00e1lech jako o stromech, v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na glob\u00e1ly jako na \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 pole.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2\">\u0158\u00eddce pole<\/a><\/noindex> je specializovan\u00fd typ pole, ve kter\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161ina hodnot nab\u00fdv\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>V praxi se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s tak obrovsk\u00fdmi \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdmi poli, \u017ee nem\u00e1 smysl zbyte\u010dn\u011b zab\u00edrat pam\u011b\u0165 stejn\u00fdmi prvky. Proto m\u00e1 smysl implementovat \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 pole tak, aby pam\u011b\u0165 nebyla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch hodnot.<br \/>\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch programovac\u00edch jazyc\u00edch jsou \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 pole sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jazyka, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jsoftware.com\/help\/dictionary\/d211.htm\">nap\u0159\u00edklad v J<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/matlab\/ref\/sparse.html\">MATLAB<\/a><\/noindex>. V jin\u00fdch programovac\u00edch jazyc\u00edch existuj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed knihovny, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jejich implementaci. Pro C++ \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/eigen.tuxfamily.org\/dox-devel\/GettingStarted.html\">Eigen<\/a><\/noindex> atd. <\/p>\n<p>Glob\u00e1ly jsou dobr\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty pro implementaci \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch pol\u00ed, proto\u017ee:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed hodnoty pouze ur\u010dit\u00fdch uzl\u016f a neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed hodnoty nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch;<\/li>\n<li>Rozhran\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edstup k hodnot\u011b uzlu je velmi podobn\u00e9 zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm je v mnoha programovac\u00edch jazyc\u00edch implementov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edstup k prvku v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00e9ho pole.\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Set ^a(1, 2, 3)=5\nWrite ^a(1, 2, 3)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Glob\u00e1l je dostate\u010dn\u011b n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e1 struktura pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, proto m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed rychlostn\u00ed charakteristiky (od stovek tis\u00edc po des\u00edtky milion\u016f transakc\u00ed za sekundu v z\u00e1vislosti na hardwaru, viz. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/company\/intersystems\/blog\/257501\/\">1<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Jeliko\u017e je glob\u00e1l perzistentn\u00ed struktura, d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 pole na nich, kdy\u017e je p\u0159edem zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee objem opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti bude nedostate\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nJedn\u00edm z vlastnost\u00ed implementac\u00ed \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch pol\u00ed je vracen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnoty, pokud se p\u0159istupuje k nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 bu\u0148ce.<\/p>\n<p>To lze implementovat pomoc\u00ed funkce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_fget\">$GET<\/a><\/noindex> v COS. V tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu je uvedeno 3D pole.<\/p>\n<pre><code>SET a = $GET(^a(x,y,z), defValue)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV jak\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch jsou tedy \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 pole pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 a jak mohou glob\u00e1ly pomoct?<\/p>\n<h2>Matice sousednosti (spojenosti)<\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8\">Takov\u00e9 matice<\/a><\/noindex> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k reprezentaci graf\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a580c451610bcacbef154c161ef63939.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je graf, t\u00edm v\u00edce nul bude v matici. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad vezmeme graf soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a p\u0159edstav\u00edme si jej ve form\u011b podobn\u00e9 matice, bude t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd tvo\u0159en nulami, tj. bude \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm polem.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Set ^m(id1, id2) = 1 \nSet ^m(id1, id3) = 1 \nSet ^m(id1, id4) = 1 \nSet ^m(id1) = 3 \nSet ^m(id2, id4) = 1 \nSet ^m(id2, id5) = 1 \nSet ^m(id2) = 2\n....\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu uchov\u00e1v\u00e1me v glob\u00e1lu <strong>^m<\/strong> matice spojen\u00ed a tak\u00e9 po\u010det hran u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho uzlu (kdo s k\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00ed a po\u010det p\u0159\u00e1tel).<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je v\u0161ak po\u010det prvk\u016f v grafu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 29 milion\u016f (toto \u010d\u00edslo je br\u00e1no jako sou\u010din 8 * <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache201512\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=GORIENT_appx_limits_long_string\">maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost \u0159et\u011bzce<\/a><\/noindex>), existuje je\u0161t\u011b \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch matic \u2014 bitov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, proto\u017ee se jejich realizac\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b optimalizuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mezery.<\/p>\n<p>Manipulace s bitov\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci se prov\u00e1d\u00ed funkc\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_fbit\">$BIT<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">; nastaven\u00ed bitu\nSET $BIT(rowID, positionID) = 1\n; z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed bitu\nWrite $BIT(rowID, positionID)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Tabulka p\u0159echod\u016f kone\u010dn\u00e9ho automatu<\/h2>\n<p>\nProto\u017ee graf p\u0159echod\u016f kone\u010dn\u00e9ho automatu je oby\u010dejn\u00fd graf, tabulka p\u0159echod\u016f kone\u010dn\u00e9ho automatu je tak\u00e9 stejn\u00e1 matice sousednosti, o kter\u00e9 se hovo\u0159ilo v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n<h2>Hern\u00ed automaty<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/b9fedb51cd1c8fced79ca221a925349c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hern\u00ed automat \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0)\">hra \u201e\u017divot\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm (kdy\u017e m\u00e1 bu\u0148ka mnoho soused\u016f \u2014 um\u00edr\u00e1) p\u0159edstavuje \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 pole.<\/p>\n<p>Stephen Wolfram tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hern\u00ed automaty jsou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_New_Kind_of_Science\">novou oblast\u00ed v\u011bdy<\/a><\/noindex>. V roce 2002 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 1280str\u00e1nkovou knihu \u201eA New Kind of Science\u201c, kde \u0161iroce argumentuje, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bchy v oblasti hern\u00edch automat\u016f nejsou izolovan\u00e9, ale jsou velmi stabiln\u00ed a maj\u00ed velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro v\u0161echny oblasti v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n<p>Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli algoritmus provediteln\u00fd na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di lze realizovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hern\u00edho automatu. Hern\u00ed automaty se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k modelov\u00e1n\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed a syst\u00e9m\u016f, k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed algoritmick\u00fdch \u00faloh a k dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1me obrovsk\u00e9 pole a pot\u0159ebujeme zaznamen\u00e1vat v\u0161echny mezistavy hern\u00edho automatu, je rozumn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt glob\u00e1ln\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Kartografie<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed, co m\u011b napadne, kdy\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch pol\u00ed, jsou kartografick\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/p>\n<p>Jak je zn\u00e1mo, na map\u00e1ch je hodn\u011b pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho prostoru. Pokud bychom mapu zobrazovali ve velk\u00fdch pixelech, 71% pixel\u016f Zem\u011b by bylo obsazeno oce\u00e1nem. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. A pokud bychom zakreslovali pouze d\u00edla lidsk\u00fdch rukou, pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho prostoru by bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 95%.<\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee nikdo neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 mapy jako rastrov\u00e1 pole, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se vektorov\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed.<br \/>\nAle co vlastn\u011b vektorov\u00e9 mapy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed? To je jak\u00e1si kostra a z bod\u016f slo\u017een\u00e9 polylinie a mnoho\u00faheln\u00edky.<br \/>\nFakticky je to datab\u00e1ze bod\u016f a vazeb mezi nimi.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f mapov\u00e1n\u00ed je mise mapov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed galaxie teleskopem Gaia. Metaforicky \u0159e\u010deno, na\u0161e galaxie, stejn\u011b jako cel\u00fd vesm\u00edr, je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1: obrovsk\u00e9 prostory pr\u00e1zdnoty, ve kter\u00fdch jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 body \u2014 hv\u011bzdy. Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta je 99,999999&#8230;&#8230;.%. Pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed mapy na\u0161\u00ed galaxie byla vybr\u00e1na datab\u00e1ze na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch \u2014 Cach\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Nev\u00edm p\u0159esnou strukturu glob\u00e1l\u016f v tomto projektu, mohu se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee je to n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Set ^galaxy(b, l, d) = 1; \u010c\u00edslo hv\u011bzdy podle katalogu, pokud je k dispozici\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"name\") = \"Slunce\"\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"type\") = \"norm\u00e1ln\u00ed\"; varianty blackhole, quazar, red_dwarf atd.\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"weight\") = 14E50\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"planetes\") = 7\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"planetes\", 1) = \"Merkur\"\nSet ^galaxy(b, l, d, \"planetes\", 1, weight) = 1E20\n...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>Kde b, l, d \u2014 to jsou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wiki2.org\/wiki\/Galaktick\u00e1_syst\u00e9m_koordin\u00e1t\">galaktick\u00e9 sou\u0159adnice \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka, d\u00e9lka<\/a><\/noindex> a vzd\u00e1lenost od Slunce.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Flexibiln\u00ed struktura glob\u00e1l\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje udr\u017eovat jak\u00e9koli pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 charakteristiky hv\u011bzd a planet, proto\u017ee datab\u00e1ze na glob\u00e1lech jsou bezsch\u00e9mov\u00e9 (scheme-less).<\/p>\n<p>Pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mapy na\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edru byla Cach\u00e9 vybr\u00e1na nejen kv\u016fli flexibilit\u011b, ale i schopnosti velmi rychle ukl\u00e1dat tok dat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1\u0159ela indexov\u00e9 glob\u00e1ly pro rychl\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme na Zemi, byly na glob\u00e1lech vytvo\u0159eny kartografick\u00e9 projekty <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Xapi\">OpenStreetMap XAPI<\/a><\/noindex> a fork OpenStreetMap \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fosm.org\/\">FOSM<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/company\/intersystems\/blog\/267459\/\">hackathonu Cach\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> byly realizov\u00e1ny geospati\u00e1ln\u00ed indexy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/intersystems-ru\/spatialindex\">Geospatial<\/a><\/noindex>. \u010cek\u00e1me od autor\u016f \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobnosti o realizaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Realizace prostorov\u00fdch index\u016f na glob\u00e1lu v OpenStreetMap XAPI<\/h3>\n<p>\nObr\u00e1zky jsou p\u0159evzaty z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/george.james\/fosdem-2010-gtm-and-openstreetmap\">t\u00e9to prezentace<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00e1 zem\u011bkoule je rozd\u011blena na \u010dtverce, pak na pod\u010dtverce a pod\u010dtverce na pod-pod\u010dtverce a tak d\u00e1le. Obecn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1me hierarchickou strukturu, pro jej\u00ed\u017e uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed byly vytvo\u0159eny glob\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/239c54c201b8013f1897ecf1ccadcc9c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV jak\u00e9mkoli okam\u017eiku m\u016f\u017eeme prakticky okam\u017eit\u011b po\u017eadovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd \u010dtverec, nebo ho vy\u010distit, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u0161echny pod\u010dtverce budou tak\u00e9 vr\u00e1ceny nebo vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>Podobnou sch\u00e9ma na glob\u00e1lech lze realizovat n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n<p>Varianta 1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Set ^m(a, b, a, c, d, a, b, c, d, a, b, a, c, d, a, b, c, d, a, 1) = idPrvn\u00edBod\nSet ^m(a, b, a, c, d, a, b, c, d, a, b, a, c, d, a, b, c, d, a, 2) = idDruh\u00fdBod\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVarianta 2:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Set ^m('abacdabcdabacdabcda', 1) = idPrvn\u00edBod\nSet ^m('abacdabcdabacdabcda', 2) = idDruh\u00fdBod\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV obou p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m \u017e\u00e1dat o body um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dtverci jak\u00e9koli \u00farovn\u011b na COS\/M. O n\u011bco snaz\u0161\u00ed bude \u010distit \u010dtvercov\u00e9 \u00faseky prostoru jak\u00e9koli \u00farovn\u011b v prvn\u00edm variant\u011b, ale to je z\u0159\u00eddka pot\u0159eba.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad jednoho z \u010dtverc\u016f nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1fba7eb9253c6af9206cb168c6d43f2a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA zde je n\u011bkolik glob\u00e1l\u016f z projektu XAPI: zobrazen\u00ed indexu na glob\u00e1lech:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a80dd4c3fb23d0f2d3094703966f74b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nGlob\u00e1l <strong>^way<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bod\u016f <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polygonal_chain\">polylini\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> (silnice, drobn\u00e9 \u0159eky atd.) a polygon\u016f (uzav\u0159en\u00e9 oblasti: budovy, lesy atd.).<\/p>\n<h2>Hrub\u00e1 klasifikace vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch pol\u00ed na glob\u00e1lech.<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1me sou\u0159adnice ur\u010dit\u00fdch objekt\u016f a jejich stavy (mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 automaty)<\/li>\n<li>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1me \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 matice.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 2) p\u0159i dotazu na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed sou\u0159adnici, kde prvku nen\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azena hodnota, bychom m\u011bli obdr\u017eet v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnotu prvku \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n<h2>Bonusy, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fdch matic na glob\u00e1lech<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Rychl\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed a\/nebo v\u00fdb\u011br \u00fasek\u016f prostoru n\u00e1sobk\u016f \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, rovin, kostek atd.<\/b> Pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 indexy, se m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat jako u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 mo\u017enost rychl\u00e9ho odstran\u011bn\u00ed a\/nebo v\u00fdb\u011bru \u00fasek\u016f prostoru n\u00e1sobk\u016f \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, rovin, kostek atd.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkazem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_ckill\">Kill<\/a><\/noindex> m\u016f\u017eeme odstranit jak jednotliv\u00fd prvek, tak i \u0159\u00e1dek a dokonce celou rovinu. D\u00edky vlastnostem glob\u00e1l\u016f to prob\u00edh\u00e1 velmi rychle \u2014 tis\u00edckr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e poelementov\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na obr\u00e1zku je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna trojrozm\u011brn\u00e1 matice v glob\u00e1lu <strong>^a<\/strong> a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy odstran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glob\u00e1ly \u2013 me\u010de-kladence pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e9 pole. \u010c\u00e1st 3\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cc85ee59d42595df0d72480d3e533a12.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPro v\u00fdb\u011br \u00fasek\u016f prostoru podle zn\u00e1m\u00fdch index\u016f lze pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_cmerge\">Merge<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br sloupce matice do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 Column:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">; Definujeme trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 pole 3x3x3\nSet ^a(0,0,0)=1,^a(2,2,0)=1,^a(2,0,1)=1,^a(0,2,1)=1,^a(2,2,2)=1,^a(2,1,2)=1\nMerge Column = ^a(2,2)\n; Zobraz\u00edme prom\u011bnnou Column\nZwrite Column\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV\u00fdstup:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Column(0)=1\nColumn(2)=1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCo je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v prom\u011bnn\u00e9 Column m\u00e1me tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddkou matici, k n\u00ed\u017e je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat tak\u00e9 p\u0159es <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_fget\">$GET<\/a><\/noindex>, proto\u017ee v n\u00ed nejsou ulo\u017eeny v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br \u00fasek\u016f prostoru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mal\u00e9 aplikace s vyu\u017eit\u00edm funkce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.intersystems.com\/cache20152\/csp\/docbook\/DocBook.UI.Page.cls?KEY=RCOS_forder\">$Order<\/a><\/noindex>. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pohodln\u00e9 v prostorech, jejich\u017e indexy nejsou kvantizov\u00e1ny (mapov\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>\nSou\u010dasn\u00e1 doba klade nov\u00e9 ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed \u00fakoly. Grafy mohou m\u00edt miliardy vrchol\u016f, mapy miliardy bod\u016f a n\u011bkdo si dokonce m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00e1t spustit sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed vesm\u00edr na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch automatech (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2009\/08\/28\/universe\/\">1<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/worldscibooks\/10.1142\/4702\">2<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e objem dat \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch pol\u00ed ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bn do opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti a je t\u0159eba s nimi pracovat, stoj\u00ed za zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed realizace takov\u00fdch projekt\u016f na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch a COS.<\/p>\n<p>D\u011bkujeme za pozornost! T\u011b\u0161\u00edme se na va\u0161e ot\u00e1zky a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/b>: <i>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek a m\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e k n\u011bmu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed m\u016fj n\u00e1zor a nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm postojem spole\u010dnosti InterSystems.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/intersystems\/blog\/268465\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 (1, 2) \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u0445, \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/globaly-mechi-kladentsy-dlya-hraneniya-dannyh-razrezhennye-massivy-chast-3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | 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