{"id":36635,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","slug":"utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu podnik\u016f v energetick\u00e9m sektoru a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch objektech, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spaluj\u00edc\u00ed fosiln\u00ed paliva (parn\u00ed, vodn\u00ed kotle, technologick\u00e9 pece atd.), ot\u00e1zka vyu\u017eit\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu spalin nen\u00ed na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mezit\u00edm, op\u00edraj\u00edc se o st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed normy v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f vyvinut\u00e9 p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let a ust\u00e1len\u00e9 standardy v\u00fdb\u011bru kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f v\u00fdkonu takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, provozovatel\u00e9 organizace p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed o pen\u00edze, doslova je vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed do kom\u00edna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ekologickou situaci na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud, stejn\u011b jako t\u00fdm &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/1-engineer.ru\/\">Prvn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdra<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, pova\u017eujete za chybu nevyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost postarat se o \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed obyvatel va\u0161eho m\u011bsta s prosp\u011bchem pro rozpo\u010det podniku, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si \u010dl\u00e1nek o tom, jak p\u0159etvo\u0159it spalinov\u00e9 plyny na energetick\u00fd zdroj.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0be3b38d5840ba0d3b7d71880b2ff28e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Zkoum\u00e1 se standardy<\/h2>\n<p>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm parametrem ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinnost kotlov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je teplota odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f. Teplo ztracen\u00e9 s odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi plyny p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st v\u0161ech tepeln\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t (spolu se ztr\u00e1tami tepla z chemick\u00e9ho a mechanick\u00e9ho nedoho\u0159en\u00ed paliva, ztr\u00e1tami fyzick\u00e9ho tepla ze strusky, a tak\u00e9 \u00faniky tepla do okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho chlazen\u00ed). Tyto ztr\u00e1ty maj\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na hospod\u00e1rnost provozu kotle, sni\u017euj\u00ed jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost. Takto ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je teplota spalin, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u00fa\u010dinnost kotle.<\/p>\n<p>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy paliva a pracovn\u00ed parametry kotle se ur\u010duje na z\u00e1klad\u011b technicko-ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f v nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi jeho v\u00fdvoje. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f se tradi\u010dn\u011b dosahuje zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm rozm\u011br\u016f konvek\u010dn\u00edch topn\u00fdch ploch a rovn\u011b\u017e rozvojem koncov\u00fdch ploch \u2013 vodn\u00edch ekonomiz\u00e9r\u016f, regenera\u010dn\u00edch oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d\u016f vzduchu.<\/p>\n<p>Ale i p\u0159es zaveden\u00ed technologi\u00ed a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro co nej\u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt teplota odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f podle platn\u00e9 normativn\u00ed dokumentace v rozmez\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>120-180 \u00b0C pro kotle na pevn\u00e1 paliva (v z\u00e1vislosti na vlhkosti paliva a pracovn\u00edch parametrech kotle),<\/li>\n<li>120-160 \u00b0C pro kotle na topn\u00fd olej (v z\u00e1vislosti na obsahu s\u00edry v n\u011bm),<\/li>\n<li>120-130 \u00b0C pro kotle na zemn\u00ed plyn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nUveden\u00e9 hodnoty byly ur\u010deny s ohledem na faktory ekologick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z po\u017eadavk\u016f na funk\u010dnost a \u017eivotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tak minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1h je nastaven tak, aby se vylou\u010dilo riziko vzniku kondenz\u00e1tu v konvek\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kotle a d\u00e1le v potrub\u00ed (v kou\u0159ovodech a kom\u00edn\u011b). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo korozi, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 ob\u011btovat teplo, kter\u00e9 je vypou\u0161t\u011bno do atmosf\u00e9ry m\u00edsto toho, aby bylo vyu\u017eito k u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c7ccb20ee5145c228f8270774363b490.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Koroze. Vylou\u010den\u00ed rizik<\/h2>\n<p>\nNesva\u017eujeme, koroze je nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd jev, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz koteln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zna\u010dn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit jeho stanovenou \u017eivotnost.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed spalin na teplotu rosn\u00fdch bod\u016f a n\u00ed\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke kondenzaci vodn\u00edch par, spolu s nimi p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do kapaln\u00e9ho stavu i slou\u010deniny NOx, SOx, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i reakci s vodou vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kyseliny, destruktivn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na vnit\u0159n\u00ed povrchy kotle. V z\u00e1vislosti na typu spalovan\u00e9ho paliva m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt teplota kysel\u00e9ho rosn\u00fd bod r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty, stejn\u011b jako slo\u017een\u00ed kyselin, kter\u00e9 se vylu\u010duj\u00ed ve form\u011b kondenz\u00e1tu. V\u00fdsledek v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00fd \u2013 koroze.<\/p>\n<p>Odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed plyny kotl\u016f, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na zemn\u00ed plyn, se v\u011bt\u0161inou skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch spalin: vodn\u00edch par (H2O), oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO2), oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho (CO) a nesp\u00e1len\u00fdch ho\u0159lav\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f CnHm (posledn\u00ed dva se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159i nedokonal\u00e9m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed re\u017eim ho\u0159en\u00ed nastaven).<\/p>\n<p>Jeliko\u017e v atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9m vzduchu je obsa\u017eeno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dus\u00edku, objevuj\u00ed se mezi jin\u00fdm v produktech spalov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidy dus\u00edku NO a NO2, souhrnn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 NOx, kter\u00e9 negativn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Spojen\u00edm s vodou vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed oxidy dus\u00edku korozn\u011b aktivn\u00ed kyselinu dusi\u010dnou.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho paliva a uhl\u00ed se ve spalovac\u00edch produktech objevuj\u00ed oxidy s\u00edry ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako SOx. Jejich negativn\u00ed vliv na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je \u0161iroce zkoum\u00e1n a nen\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n. Kysel\u00fd kondenz\u00e1t vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i interakci s vodou zp\u016fsobuje s\u00edrovou korozi povrch\u016f v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk\u016f tepla.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u011b je teplota odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, nastavena tak, aby chr\u00e1nila za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed kondenzac\u00ed kyseliny na povr\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk\u016f tepla kotle. Nav\u00edc, teplota plyn\u016f mus\u00ed zajistit kondenzaci NOx a SOx mimo plynov\u00fd trakt, aby chr\u00e1nila nejen samotn\u00fd kotel, ale tak\u00e9 kou\u0159ovody a kom\u00edny p\u0159ed korozn\u00edmi procesy. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 omezuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 koncentrace emis\u00ed oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a s\u00edry, ale to v\u016fbec neumo\u017e\u0148uje ignorovat akumulaci t\u011bchto spalovac\u00edch produkt\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Zem\u011b a jejich sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed ve form\u011b kysel\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek na jej\u00ed povrch.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00edra obsa\u017een\u00e1 v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m palivu a uhl\u00ed, spolu s odn\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm nesp\u00e1len\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic tuh\u00e9ho paliva (v\u010detn\u011b popela), ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spalin. Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010distic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady a zkomplikuje proces vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin, co\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1 takov\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed ekonomicky m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 a \u010dasto prakticky neuskute\u010dniteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady stanovuj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotu spalin na \u00fast\u00ed kom\u00edna s c\u00edlem zajistit adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed rozptyl odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f a zabr\u00e1nit vzniku kou\u0159ov\u00e9ho ocas. Krom\u011b toho mohou n\u011bkter\u00e9 podniky podle vlastn\u00ed iniciativy uplat\u0148ovat tuto praxi k zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho image, proto\u017ee \u0161irok\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost \u010dasto interpretuje p\u0159\u00edtomnost viditeln\u00e9ho kou\u0159ov\u00e9ho ocasu jako znak zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zat\u00edmco absence kou\u0159ov\u00e9ho ocasu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako znak \u010dist\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n<p>Tohoto v\u0161eho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek mohou podniky z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b oh\u0159\u00edvat spalin p\u0159ed jejich vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm do atmosf\u00e9ry. I kdy\u017e, s ohledem na slo\u017een\u00ed odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f z kotle pracuj\u00edc\u00edho na zemn\u00ed plyn (ten byl podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1n v\u00fd\u0161e), se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u00e9, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00e1 \"p\u00e1ra\", kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z kom\u00edna (p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed procesu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed), je v\u011bt\u0161inou vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 reakc\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu v kotlov\u00e9 komo\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Boj proti korozi vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di jej\u00edm negativn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm (takov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly existuj\u00ed a mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako palivo plyn, produkty z rafinace ropy a dokonce i odpady), a tak\u00e9 organizaci sb\u011bru, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kysel\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1tu a jeho likvidaci.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2fd11a8e0fb31fa32efb575038855137.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Technologie<\/h2>\n<p>\nZaveden\u00ed souboru opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty spalin za kotlem v existuj\u00edc\u00edm podniku zaji\u0161\u0165uje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti cel\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, do kter\u00e9ho je kotlov\u00fd agreg\u00e1t zahrnut, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 samotn\u00fd kotel (teplo, kter\u00e9 se v n\u011bm vyr\u00e1b\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Koncept takov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee na \u00faseku plynovodu p\u0159ed kom\u00ednem je instalov\u00e1no tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 absorbuj\u00ed teplo ze spalin chlad\u00edc\u00edmi m\u00e9dii (nap\u0159\u00edklad vodou). Tato voda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejen kone\u010dn\u00fdm teplonosn\u00fdm m\u00e9diem, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba oh\u0159\u00e1t, ale tak\u00e9 mezilehl\u00fdm m\u00e9diem, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 teplo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edho tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku jin\u00e9mu okruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8d8adf7d5b3b1d113a6d4ba35f773620.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSb\u011br vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho kondenz\u00e1tu prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo v objemu nov\u00e9ho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku tepla, kter\u00fd je vyroben z materi\u00e1l\u016f odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di korozi. To je zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee prahov\u00e1 teplota rosn\u00e9ho bodu pro vlhkost obsa\u017eenou v objemu odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f je p\u0159ekro\u010dena pr\u00e1v\u011b uvnit\u0159 tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejen fyzick\u00e9 teplo spalin, ale tak\u00e9 skryt\u00e1 energie kondenzace obsa\u017een\u00fdch ve vodn\u00edch p\u00e1rech. Samotn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj by m\u011bl b\u00fdt navr\u017een tak, aby jeho konstrukce nezp\u016fsobovala nadm\u011brn\u00fd aerodynamick\u00fd odpor a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem nezhor\u0161ovala pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky kotlov\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Struktura tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat bu\u010f b\u011b\u017en\u00fd rekupera\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk, kde p\u0159enos tepla z plyn\u016f na kapalinu prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159es odd\u011blovac\u00ed st\u011bnu, nebo kontaktn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk, ve kter\u00e9m spalinov\u00e9 plyny p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s vodou, kter\u00e1 je rozpr\u00e1\u0161ena tryskami do jejich toku.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rekupera\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku se ot\u00e1zka kysel\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1tu t\u00fdk\u00e1 organizace jeho sb\u011bru a neutralizace. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kontaktn\u00edho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho jako periodick\u00e9 proplachov\u00e1n\u00ed okruhu cirkula\u010dn\u00ed vody: jak se zvy\u0161uje kyselost cirkuluj\u00edc\u00ed kapaliny, ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed je odeb\u00edr\u00e1no do akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed reagenty s n\u00e1slednou likvidac\u00ed vody do dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kanalizace, nebo je sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1na do technologick\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/p>\n<p>Jednotliv\u00e9 aplikace energie spalin mohou b\u00fdt omezeny v d\u016fsledku rozd\u00edlu mezi teplotou plyn\u016f a po\u017eadavky na ur\u010ditou teplotu na vstupu energetick\u00e9ho procesu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b i pro takov\u00e9, na prvn\u00ed pohled bezv\u00fdchodn\u00e9 situace byl vyvinut p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd se op\u00edr\u00e1 o kvalitativn\u011b nov\u00e9 technologie a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>S c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu procesu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tepla ze spalin se v celosv\u011btov\u00e9 praxi jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd prvek syst\u00e9mu st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed inovativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na b\u00e1zi tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadel. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch sektorech (nap\u0159\u00edklad v bioenergetice) se takov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed u v\u011bt\u0161iny uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch do provozu kotl\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00faspora prim\u00e1rn\u00edch energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dosa\u017eena pou\u017eit\u00edm nikoli tradi\u010dn\u00edch parokomprese elektrick\u00fdch stroj\u016f, ale spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a technologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch absorb\u010dn\u00edch bromid-lithiov\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadel (ABTN), kter\u00e9 ke sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed teplo (\u010dasto to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed teplo, kter\u00e9 je v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m podniku). Takov\u00e9 teplo z extern\u00edho zdroje aktivuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed cyklus ABTN, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu dostupn\u00e9ho teplotn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch plyn\u016f a jeho p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin: ekologie s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/82daf6ec9c80cb633f21101c4471a195.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledek<\/h2>\n<p>\nChlazen\u00ed spalin z kotle pomoc\u00ed podobn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 \u2013 a\u017e 30 a dokonce 20 \u00b0C z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 120-130 \u00b0C. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 teplo je zcela dostate\u010dn\u00e9 k oh\u0159evu vody pro pot\u0159eby chemick\u00e9 \u00fapravy vody, dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, dod\u00e1vky tepl\u00e9 vody a dokonce i tepl\u00e1rensk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>\u00daspora paliva m\u016f\u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dos\u00e1hnout 5\u00f710 %, a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti kotlov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 2\u00f73 %.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee zaveden\u00ed popsan\u00e9 technologie umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkolik \u00faloh najednou. T\u00edmto jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u011b kompletn\u00ed a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepla spalin (a tak\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 energie kondenzace vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry),<\/li>\n<li>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed objemu emis\u00ed NOx a SOx do atmosf\u00e9ry,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroje \u2013 vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vody (kter\u00e1 najde u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m podniku, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako dopln\u011bn\u00ed tepl\u00e1rensk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch okruh\u016f),<\/li>\n<li>eliminace kou\u0159ov\u00e9ho pramene (ten se st\u00e1v\u00e1 sotva viditeln\u00fdm nebo zcela miz\u00ed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPraxe ukazuje, \u017ee \u00fa\u010delnost pou\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mo\u017enosti u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho tepla spalin,<\/li>\n<li>dob\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 energie b\u011bhem roku,<\/li>\n<li>cena energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v podniku,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edtomnosti p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 koncentrace emis\u00ed NOx a SOx (a tak\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edsnosti m\u00edstn\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f),<\/li>\n<li>zp\u016fsobu neutralizace kondenz\u00e1tu a mo\u017enostech jeho dal\u0161\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/460419\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.), \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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