{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Je\u0161t\u011b jedno n\u00e1zory na rozd\u00edl mezi bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno jsem narazil na tento \u010dl\u00e1nek: Rozd\u00edl mezi bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>. R\u00e1d bych se pod\u011blil o sv\u016fj pohled na standard.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nObsahuje p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat jak syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, tak i u\u017eivatel\u00e9, ale kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9, kdy\u017e nejsou p\u0159ipojeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (nap\u0159\u00edklad v jednou\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m re\u017eimu). M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 obsahovat p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 jsou nep\u0159\u00edmo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny skripty.<\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, hostname<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Lze vytvo\u0159it symlinky na \/usr, ale a\u010dkoliv v dob\u00e1ch systemd nen\u00ed \/usr na samostatn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, st\u00e1le se s n\u00edm m\u016f\u017eete setkat v embedded syst\u00e9mech, semaforech, k\u00e1vovarech a PDP-11, kter\u00e9 obsluhuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj v jedn\u00e9 z laborato\u0159\u00ed Akademie v\u011bd.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administrace (a jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy pouze pro root), \/sbin obsahuje bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubory pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro zaveden\u00ed, obnovu, zotaven\u00ed a\/nebo obnoven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu vedle bin\u00e1rn\u00edch soubor\u016f v \/bin. Programy, kter\u00e9 se spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed pot\u00e9, co je \/usr p\u0159ipojeno (kdy\u017e nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my), jsou obvykle um\u00edst\u011bny v \/usr\/sbin. Lok\u00e1ln\u011b instalovan\u00e9 programy syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tn\u00edho by m\u011bly b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny v \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak chr\u00e1nit syst\u00e9m p\u0159ed \u0161patn\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli, je zak\u00e1zat spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f komukoli nastaven\u00edm atributu x.
\nNav\u00edc, nahrazen\u00ed \/bin a \/sbin kopiemi z archivu (stejn\u00fdmi pro v\u0161echny stejn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my) je rychl\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak opravit syst\u00e9my bez spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nJe to prost\u00e9. Stejn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 jsou stejn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny servery\/k\u00e1vovary spole\u010dnosti. A samo \/usr m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nasazeno stejn\u011b pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my (pro \/bin a \/sbin to obvykle neplat\u00ed), jsou to architektonicky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 programy. M\u016f\u017ee obsahovat linky na interpretery perl nebo python, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed v \/opt nebo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkde v s\u00edti.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nTot\u00e9\u017e jako \/usr\/bin, ale pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pouze administr\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nJedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lokalit. Na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edho, \/usr nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt stejn\u00e1 pro celou organizaci. Zde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed syst\u00e9my z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na OS, hardware z\u00e1visl\u00e9 a prost\u011b programy, kter\u00e9 nejsou pot\u0159eba na v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. P\u0159i synchronizaci \/usr na stroj\u00edch je t\u0159eba vylou\u010dit \/usr\/local.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nToto je podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad jako u \/usr\/local, pouze zde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed programy specifick\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho u\u017eivatele. Lze je p\u0159ev\u00e9st (nebo synchronizovat) na jin\u00fd stroj p\u0159i st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatele. To, co nelze p\u0159ev\u00e9st, se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. M\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt local bez te\u010dky. \/home\/$USER\/sbin z pochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Budu r\u00e1d za opravy a dopln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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