{"id":37009,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:16","slug":"ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii","title":{"rendered":"O administr\u00e1torech, DevOps, nekone\u010dn\u00e9m zmatku a DevOps transformaci v r\u00e1mci spole\u010dnosti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"O
\n
\nCo je pot\u0159eba k \u00fasp\u011bchu IT spole\u010dnosti v roce 2019? P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed na konferenc\u00edch a meetupech \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed spoustu hlu\u010dn\u00fdch a ne v\u017edy srozumiteln\u00fdch slova pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lidi. Boj o \u010das nasazen\u00ed, mikroslu\u017eby, vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se monolitu, DevOps transformace a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. Pokud odhod\u00edme slovn\u00ed kr\u00e1su a budeme mluvit jasn\u011b a \u010desky, v\u0161e se zjednodu\u0161uje na prostou tezi: vyv\u00edjejte kvalitn\u00ed produkt, a to s komfortem pro t\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

To se stalo kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Byznys kone\u010dn\u011b do\u0161el k tomu, \u017ee komfortn\u00ed proces v\u00fdvoje zvy\u0161uje produktivitu, a pokud je v\u0161e se\u0159\u00edzeno a funguje jako hodinky, poskytuje je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd prostor pro man\u00e9vry v kritick\u00fdch situac\u00edch. N\u011bkdy pro tento man\u00e9vr vymyslel jist\u00fd chytr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk z\u00e1lohy, ale pr\u016fmysl se vyv\u00edj\u00ed a my jsme dosp\u011bli k DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm \u2014 lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed proces interakce v\u00fdvoje s extern\u00ed infrastrukturou na n\u011bco adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho a nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edho se \u0161amanismem.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 tato historie o 'modulech' je skvostn\u00e1, ale\u2026 Stalo se to, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st administr\u00e1tor\u016f byla n\u00e1hle pok\u0159t\u011bna jako DevOps a od samotn\u00fdch DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f se za\u010daly vy\u017eadovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b schopnosti telepatie a jasnovidectv\u00ed.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNe\u017e za\u010dneme mluvit o modern\u00edch probl\u00e9mech zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed infrastruktury, ujasn\u011bme si, co t\u00edmto term\u00ednem mysl\u00edme. K sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu okam\u017eiku se situace vyvinula tak, \u017ee jsme dosp\u011bli k dvojzna\u010dnosti tohoto pojmu: infrastruktura m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b extern\u00ed a podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b intern\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pod extern\u00ed infrastrukturou rozum\u00edme v\u0161e, co zaji\u0161\u0165uje funk\u010dnost slu\u017eby nebo produktu, na jeho\u017e v\u00fdvoji se pod\u00edl\u00ed t\u00fdm. To jsou servery aplikac\u00ed nebo webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, hosting<\/a> a dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed funk\u010dnost produktu. <\/p>\n

Intern\u00ed infrastruktura zahrnuje slu\u017eby a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sami v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a dal\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00fdch obvykle nen\u00ed m\u00e1lo. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem intern\u00ed servery syst\u00e9m\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu k\u00f3du, lok\u00e1ln\u011b nasazen\u00fd task-manager a v\u016fbec v\u0161echno, co existuje v r\u00e1mci firemn\u00edho intranetu.<\/p>\n

Co vlastn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor ve firm\u011b? Krom\u011b spr\u00e1vy firemn\u00edho intranetu m\u00e1 \u010dasto na starosti zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funk\u010dnosti kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Admin je ten kluk, kter\u00fd rychle p\u0159inese z \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho prostoru novou desktopovou jednotku nebo p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed laptop, vyd\u00e1 \u010derstvou kl\u00e1vesnici a bude l\u00e9zt po \u010dty\u0159ech po kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, aby nat\u00e1hl Ethernetov\u00fd kabel. Admin je m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u00e1n a vl\u00e1dce nejen vnit\u0159n\u00edch a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch servery<\/a>, ale i materi\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Ano, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i mohou pracovat pouze v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rovin\u011b, bez hardwaru. Je t\u0159eba je vy\u010dlenit do samostatn\u00e9 podskupiny \"infrastrukturn\u00edch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f\". Jin\u00ed se specializuj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na \u00fadr\u017ebu kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, co\u017e je v po\u0159\u00e1dku, pokud firma zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e sto lid\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce nezkon\u010d\u00ed nikdy. Ale ani jedni, ani druz\u00ed nejsou devops.<\/p>\n

A kdo jsou to DevOps? Devops jsou kluci, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed interakc\u00ed v\u00fdvoje software s extern\u00ed infrastrukturou. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, modern\u00ed devops jsou mnohem v\u00edce zapojeni do proces\u016f v\u00fdvoje a nasazen\u00ed ne\u017e kdyby byli administr\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed jednodu\u0161e nahr\u00e1vali aktualizace na ftp. Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f DevOps in\u017een\u00fdra je dnes zajistit pohodln\u00fd a efektivn\u011b strukturovan\u00fd proces interakce mezi t\u00fdmy v\u00fdvoje a infrastrukturou produktu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tito lid\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za nasazen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f rollbacku a nasazen\u00ed, pr\u00e1v\u011b tito lid\u00e9 odstra\u0148uj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a maxim\u00e1ln\u011b se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na sv\u00e9 nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly. P\u0159itom devops nikdy nebude nat\u00e1hnout nov\u00fd kabel nebo vyd\u00e1vat nov\u00fd notebook z \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho prostoru (c) KO <\/p>\n

Kde je h\u00e1\u010dek?<\/h4>\n

\nKdy\u017e se n\u011bkdo zept\u00e1: \u201eKdo je to DevOps?\u201c, polovina pracovn\u00edk\u016f v oboru za\u010dne odpov\u00eddat n\u011bco jako: \u201eNo, to je vlastn\u011b takov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd\u2026\u201c a pak pokra\u010duj\u00ed. Ano, kdysi, kdy\u017e se profese DevOps in\u017een\u00fdra teprve za\u010d\u00ednala vyv\u00edjet z nejtalentovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch administr\u00e1tor\u016f z hlediska spr\u00e1vy slu\u017eeb, rozd\u00edly mezi nimi nebyly v\u0161em jasn\u00e9. Ale nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se funkce DevOps a administr\u00e1tora v t\u00fdmu radik\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, je neakceptovateln\u00e9 je pl\u00e9st dohromady nebo dokonce stav\u011bt mezi n\u011b rovn\u00edtko.<\/p>\n

Ale jak\u00fd to m\u00e1 dopad na podnik\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n

N\u00e1bor, o to jde. <\/p>\n

Otev\u00edr\u00e1te inzer\u00e1t na pozici \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\u201c a tam jsou vyps\u00e1ny po\u017eadavky jako \u201espolupr\u00e1ce s v\u00fdvojem a klienty\u201c, \u201eCI\/CD dodac\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u201c, \u201e\u00fadr\u017eba server\u016f a vybaven\u00ed spole\u010dnosti\u201c, \u201eadministrace intern\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f\u201c a tak d\u00e1le; ch\u00e1pete, \u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e9 nesmysly. O to jde, \u017ee m\u00edsto \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\u201c by v nadpisu inzer\u00e1tu m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u201eDevOps in\u017een\u00fdr\u201c, a pokud tento nadpis zm\u011bn\u00edte, v\u0161echno se dostane na sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd pocit v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dten\u00ed takov\u00e9 inzerce? \u017de spole\u010dnost hled\u00e1 multitaskuj\u00edc\u00edho pracovn\u00edka, kter\u00fd rozjede syst\u00e9m pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed verz\u00ed i monitoring a pak to v\u0161echno ud\u011bl\u00e1 s v\u00edc ne\u017e jednou rukou\u2026<\/p>\n

Aby se v\u0161ak nezvy\u0161oval stupe\u0148 zmatk\u016f na trhu pr\u00e1ce, sta\u010d\u00ed naz\u00fdvat pozice spr\u00e1vn\u011b a jasn\u011b ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr a syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor jsou dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 entity. To ov\u0161em ne\u00faprosn\u00e9 u\u010din\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnavateli, kte\u0159\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00ed co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed seznam po\u017eadavk\u016f od kandid\u00e1ta, vede k tomu, \u017ee \u201eklasick\u00e9\u201c syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 ch\u00e1pat, co se kolem nich d\u011bje. Co, profese se m\u011bn\u00ed a oni zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Ne, ne a znovu ne. Infrastrukturn\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed budou \u0159\u00eddit intern\u00ed servery spole\u010dnosti nebo zast\u00e1vat pozice L2\/L3 podpory a pom\u00e1hat ostatn\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, nikam nezmizeli a nemaj\u00ed v pl\u00e1nu odej\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Mohou se tito specialist\u00e9 st\u00e1t DevOps in\u017een\u00fdry? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee mohou. Ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje dovednosti v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m administrativ\u011b, ale krom\u011b toho zahrnuje pr\u00e1ci s monitoringem, doru\u010dovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my a celkov\u011b \u00fazkou spolupr\u00e1ci s t\u00fdmem v\u00fdvoje a testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nVe skute\u010dnosti to nekon\u010d\u00ed pouze n\u00e1borem a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm zmaten\u00edm mezi administr\u00e1tory a devopser. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se podnik setkal s probl\u00e9mem dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ce t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoje s kone\u010dnou infrastrukturou.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 to bylo tehdy, kdy\u017e na sc\u00e9nu n\u011bjak\u00e9 konference vystoupil \u010dlov\u011bk s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi o\u010dima a \u0159ekl: \u201eA my to d\u011bl\u00e1me takhle a naz\u00fdv\u00e1me to DevOps. Tihle kluci vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny va\u0161e probl\u00e9my\u201c \u2014 a za\u010dal vypr\u00e1v\u011bt, jak dob\u0159e se \u017eije ve firm\u011b po implementaci DevOps praktik.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed jen najmout DevOps in\u017een\u00fdra, aby v\u0161echno fungovalo \u201ejak m\u00e1\u201c. Firma by m\u011bla proj\u00edt kompletn\u00ed DevOps transformac\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee roli a mo\u017enosti na\u0161eho devopsera by m\u011bly b\u00fdt jasn\u011b pochopeny i na stran\u011b t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoje a testov\u00e1n\u00ed produktu. Na toto t\u00e9ma m\u00e1me \u201eskv\u011bl\u00fd\u201c p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd pln\u011b ilustruje celou ob\u010dasnou hr\u016fzu, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bje.<\/p>\n

Situace. Od devopsa se po\u017eaduje, aby nasadil syst\u00e9m pro vracen\u00ed verz\u00ed, ani\u017e by se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zab\u00fdval t\u00edm, jak bude fungovat. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee uvnit\u0159 syst\u00e9mu Users jsou to jednotliv\u00e1 pole pro jm\u00e9no, p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed a heslo. Vy\u0161la nov\u00e1 verze produktu, ale pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e je \u201erollback\u201c jen kouzeln\u00e1 h\u016flka, kter\u00e1 v\u0161e oprav\u00ed, a ani netu\u0161\u00ed, jak to funguje. Tak nap\u0159\u00edklad, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i v dal\u0161\u00edm patche slou\u010dili pole jm\u00e9na a p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, vypustili to do produkce a verze kv\u016fli n\u011bjak\u00fdm d\u016fvod\u016fm zpomaluje. Co se stane? Vedouc\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k devopsovi a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eP\u0159epni sp\u00edna\u010d!\u201c, tedy ho \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, aby se vr\u00e1til na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi. Co d\u011bl\u00e1 devops? Vr\u00e1t\u00ed se na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi, ale jeliko\u017e se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i necht\u011bli zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jak se tento rollback prov\u00e1d\u00ed, nikdo devopsovi ne\u0159ekl, \u017ee je t\u0159eba vr\u00e1tit i datab\u00e1zi. V d\u016fsledku toho n\u00e1m spadne \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno a u\u017eivatel\u00e9 m\u00edsto zpomaluj\u00edc\u00edho webu vid\u00ed chybu \u201e500\u201c, proto\u017ee star\u00e1 verze nefunguje s poli nov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze. Devops o tom netu\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ml\u010d\u00ed. Vedouc\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1cet nervy a pen\u00edze a vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 na z\u00e1lohy, navrhuj\u00edc\u00ed se vr\u00e1tit z nich, aby \u201ealespo\u0148 n\u011bco fungovalo\u201c. V d\u016fsledku toho u\u017eivatel\u00e9 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 data za ur\u010dit\u00e9 obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee to schyt\u00e1 devops, kter\u00fd \u201eneud\u011blal spr\u00e1vn\u00fd syst\u00e9m rollbacku\u201c, ale to, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu jsou lozi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, nikoho nezaj\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br je jednoduch\u00fd: bez norm\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k DevOps jako takov\u00e9mu nen\u00ed z n\u011bj moc u\u017eitku.
\nHlavn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti: DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr nen\u00ed kouzeln\u00edk a bez kvalitn\u00ed komunikace a oboustrann\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce s v\u00fdvojem si neporad\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi \u00fakoly. Devopsy nelze nechat samotn\u00e9 s jejich \u201eprobl\u00e9my\u201c nebo jim d\u00e1t pokyn \u201enedot\u00fdkej se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jejich v\u011bc\u00ed je k\u00f3dovat\u201c, a pak doufat, \u017ee v kritick\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v\u0161echno bude fungovat, jak m\u00e1. Tak to nefunguje.<\/p>\n

V podstat\u011b je DevOps kompetencemi na pomez\u00ed mezi managementem a technologiemi. Nav\u00edc nen\u00ed v\u016fbec jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v tomto koktejlu technologi\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt v\u00edc ne\u017e managementu. Pokud opravdu chcete vybudovat rychlej\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed procesy v\u00fdvoje, mus\u00edte d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat sv\u00e9mu devopsu. On zn\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, realizoval podobn\u00e9 projekty, v\u00ed, jak na to. Pomozte mu, naslouchejte jeho rad\u00e1m, nesna\u017ete se ho izolovat do n\u011bjak\u00e9ho autonomn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed. Pokud administr\u00e1to\u0159i mohou pracovat sami, devopsov\u00e9 v\u00e1m v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budou k ni\u010demu, nemohou v\u00e1m pomoci st\u00e1t se lep\u0161\u00edmi, pokud tuto pomoc sami nechcete p\u0159ijmout.<\/p>\n

A posledn\u00ed v\u011bc: p\u0159esta\u0148te ur\u00e1\u017eet administr\u00e1tory-infrastrukturn\u00edky. Maj\u00ed sv\u016fj, nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pracovn\u00ed \u00fakol. Ano, administr\u00e1tor se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t DevOps in\u017een\u00fdrem, ale mus\u00ed to prob\u00edhat podle p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, a ne pod tlakem. A nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho na tom, \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor chce z\u016fstat syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem \u2014 to je jeho samostatn\u00e1 profese a jeho pr\u00e1vo. Pokud ale m\u00e1te chu\u0165 proj\u00edt profesn\u00ed transformac\u00ed, rozhodn\u011b nesm\u00edte zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee budete muset zvy\u0161ovat nejen technologick\u00e9 dovednosti, ale tak\u00e9 mana\u017eersk\u00e9. Tyto lidi je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pot\u0159eba spojit dohromady a nau\u010dit je komunikovat ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m jazyce, a to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budete muset ud\u011blat pr\u00e1v\u011b vy jako vedouc\u00ed.
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Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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