{"id":37051,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sposob-organizatsii-kollektivnogo-izucheniya-teorii-v-hode-semestra\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","slug":"sposob-organizatsii-kollektivnogo-izucheniya-teorii-v-hode-semestra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sposob-organizatsii-kollektivnogo-izucheniya-teorii-v-hode-semestra","title":{"rendered":"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj v\u0161ichni! P\u0159ed rokem jsem napsal <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/414317\/\">\u010dl\u00e1nek o tom, jak jsem organizoval univerzitn\u00ed kurz o zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>. Podle reakc\u00ed m\u011bl \u010dl\u00e1nek spoustu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch n\u00e1pad\u016f, ale byl rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b \u010diteln\u00fd. U\u017e dlouho jsem cht\u011bl rozd\u011blit ho na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti a napsat je srozumiteln\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ps\u00e1t to sam\u00e9 dvakr\u00e1t se n\u011bjak neda\u0159\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, v tomto roce se objevily v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s organizac\u00ed tohoto kurzu. Proto jsem se rozhodl napsat n\u011bkolik \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o ka\u017ed\u00e9 z my\u0161lenek zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, abych prozkoumal klady a z\u00e1pory.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je prvn\u00ed \u2013 o zp\u016fsobu, jak organizovat studenty tak, aby aktivn\u011b studovali teorii b\u011bhem semestru, a ne a\u017e v posledn\u00edch dnech p\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Seznam \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f s\u00e9rie:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/460729\/\">U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 v u\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/463271\/\">Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee skupina dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lid\u00ed se pot\u0159ebuje orientovat v n\u011bjak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00fd produkt. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee tito lid\u00e9 jsou technicky zdatn\u00ed a samostatn\u00ed. Jak by se m\u011bli chovat?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je rozumn\u00e9 nejprve sestavit seznam ot\u00e1zek, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba z\u00edskat odpov\u011bdi. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blit ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, aby se zab\u00fdval n\u011bjakou skupinou ot\u00e1zek, zkoumat je a jasn\u011b napsat odpov\u011bdi pro ostatn\u00ed. Ostatn\u00ed se mohou do t\u011bchto odpov\u011bd\u00ed v\u017e\u00edt, doplnit je a kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky, pokud je n\u011bco nejasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud v\u0161e p\u016fjde dob\u0159e, na konci se objev\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 a dob\u0159e formulovan\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. V t\u011bch si ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee prohl\u00e9dnout a naj\u00edt informace, kdykoli to bude pot\u0159eba. Pokud bude informac\u00ed nedostatek, je to d\u016fvod obr\u00e1tit se na odborn\u00edka, kter\u00fd se touto t\u00e9matikou zab\u00fdval. A pot\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezapomenout doplnit p\u00edsemnou datab\u00e1zi odpov\u011bd\u00ed=)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3403d2ca165cd2a47bafb9ce37d48ff5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nJak to v\u0161e souvis\u00ed se studenty a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm na univerzit\u011b?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Skupina student\u016f je podobn\u00e1 skupin\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit s novou oblast\u00ed. U\u010ditel je obdobou osoby, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee ur\u010dit sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu \u2013 stanovit seznam ot\u00e1zek, se kter\u00fdmi se studenti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obvykle jsou odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky u\u010ditele obsa\u017eeny v tom, co ji\u017e \u0159ekl. Studenti se s t\u00edm mus\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit a odreportovat na zkou\u0161ce. Otestovat porozum\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9mu objemu materi\u00e1lu b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9, a proto se hodnocen\u00ed ud\u011bluj\u00ed podle toho, jak dob\u0159e student nau\u010dil nebo opsal n\u00e1hodn\u00fd \u00faryvek. Podstatnou roli hraje tak\u00e9 schopnost takov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky slo\u017eit: rychle p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, sebev\u011bdom\u011b \u0159\u00edkat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt pravdiv\u00e9, a spr\u00e1vn\u011b reagovat na p\u0159ipom\u00ednky u\u010ditele. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00dakolem pochopit materi\u00e1l se st\u00e1v\u00e1 daleko m\u00e9n\u011b prioritn\u00edm. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st nau\u010den\u00e9ho se nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a je zapomenuta b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e roku, pokud ne u\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den. Z p\u00edsemn\u00fdch artefakt\u016f v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u016fstane n\u00e1stin. N\u011bkdy dobr\u00fd, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou je to shrnut\u00ed n\u00e1zoru jednoho u\u010ditele, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010dasov\u00e9ho presu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K tomu p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 fakt, \u017ee teoretick\u00fd materi\u00e1l obvykle studenty nezaj\u00edm\u00e1. Odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed jeho studium a\u017e do zkou\u0161kov\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a t\u00edm se ochuzuj\u00ed o mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt teorii p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed praktick\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f. Z\u00e1chranou praktick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed musej\u00ed b\u00fdt u\u010ditel\u00e9: ti ukazuj\u00ed student\u016fm na \u00fatr\u017eky teorie, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed prob\u00edran\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu na z\u00e1klad\u011b teoretick\u00e9ho \u00fatr\u017eku nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostate\u010dn\u00e1 dovednost, av\u0161ak, bohu\u017eel, nen\u00ed to dovednost posta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Pod \u00fakoly ze skute\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eivota nen\u00ed uvedeno, jak\u00e9 metody jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/7aac66f915c48b4f6e71bfdc4671bf6e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"itak-ideya\">Tak\u017ee, n\u00e1pad<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U\u010ditel zve\u0159ej\u0148uje seznam ot\u00e1zek ve\u0159ejn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve skupin\u011b na Vkontakte, kde jsou v\u0161ichni studenti. Studenti mohou:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vybrat ot\u00e1zku, na kterou je\u0161t\u011b nikdo neodpov\u011bd\u011bl, a odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ni v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>Vybrat ji\u017e napsanou odpov\u011b\u010f n\u011bk\u00fdm jin\u00fdm \u2014 a okomentovat ji: doplnit \/ polo\u017eit autorovi ot\u00e1zku \/ napsat, co je \u0161patn\u011b a pro\u010d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011bdi student\u016f na ot\u00e1zky jsou podporov\u00e1ny; studenti, kte\u0159\u00ed b\u011bhem semestru dob\u0159e odpov\u00eddali na ot\u00e1zky, z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed automaticky zn\u00e1mky za zkou\u0161ku. Duplicity odpov\u011bd\u00ed jin\u00fdch student\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou trest\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kreativn\u00ed a nem\u011bly by m\u00edt jednozna\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f, jinak vyhraje ten, kdo odpov\u011bd\u011bl jako prvn\u00ed. A ostatn\u00ed nebudou m\u00edt motivaci se do jeho odpov\u011bdi pono\u0159it, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed co doplnit. P\u0159\u00edklady mo\u017en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uve\u010fte p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u011bty \/ algoritmu \/ metody. Je takov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed efektivn\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Porovnejte algoritmy \/ metody \/ technick\u00e9 realizace. Napi\u0161te jejich v\u00fdhody \/ probl\u00e9my v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi sebou.<\/li>\n<li>Jak doplnit algoritmus \/ metodu, aby umo\u017e\u0148oval \u0159e\u0161it je\u0161t\u011b tento probl\u00e9m?<\/li>\n<li>Jak lze zjednodu\u0161it d\u016fkaz v\u011bty, pokud jsou zn\u00e1my je\u0161t\u011b tyto skute\u010dnosti? Jak dok\u00e1zat v\u011btu, pokud nelze pou\u017e\u00edt ur\u010dit\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti? (kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed pou\u017eity)<\/li>\n<li>Navrhn\u011bte vylep\u0161en\u00ed algoritmu \/ metody. Jak a v jak\u00fdch situac\u00edch tyto vylep\u0161en\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Analyzujte dan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek. Zapi\u0161te z n\u011bj to, co pova\u017eujete za u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9; vysv\u011btlete pro\u010d.<\/li>\n<li>Formulujte sv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce \/ t\u00e9matu. Pro\u010d je pova\u017eujete za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prostor pro kreativitu je obrovsk\u00fd! Mnoh\u00e9 kreativn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky samy o sob\u011b stimuluj\u00ed ke studiu, na rozd\u00edl od nudn\u00e9ho pono\u0159en\u00ed do toho, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 instruktor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/88f3f113ed1c3b1d4e52b63d9322e552.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m s takov\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami m\u016f\u017ee stimulovat studenty, aby se zab\u00fdvali teori\u00ed b\u011bhem semestru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud budou ot\u00e1zky publikov\u00e1ny po ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce a na odpov\u011bdi na n\u011b bude stanoven\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd mal\u00fd term\u00edn, t\u0159eba t\u0159i dny, mnoho student\u016f se bude zab\u00fdvat materi\u00e1lem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky hned po n\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed studenti dokonce p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 r\u00e1mce znalost\u00ed vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho a prozkoumaj\u00ed internet, navrhnou sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed projekty. <\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">N\u011bkdy budou odpov\u011bdi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 i pro samotn\u00e9ho instruktora.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V\u00edm to z vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti =)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavci je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo \u201em\u016f\u017ee\u201c. To, co je tam vykresleno v r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdch t\u00f3nech, se m\u016f\u017ee i nenaplnit. M\u00edsto toho se objev\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00e9, studenti budou usilovat zbavit se kurzu, odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky se prom\u011bn\u00ed v formalismus, bez\u00fa\u010deln\u011b pohlcuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010das instruktora.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ot-chego-zavisit-to-kak-sobytiya-budut-razvivatsya\">Na \u010dem z\u00e1vis\u00ed to, jak se ud\u00e1losti budou vyv\u00edjet?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je, jak je organizov\u00e1no hodnocen\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 siln\u011b odm\u011b\u0148ovat dobr\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, jinak studenti ztrat\u00ed motivaci. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 identifikovat nep\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi a formulace, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b d\u00e1t student\u016fm najevo, \u017ee je to zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Jinak bude t\u011bchto odpov\u011bd\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce a v\u00edce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K t\u00e9to velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00faloze je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zapojit studenty. M\u016f\u017eete je po\u017e\u00e1dat, aby vybrali nejv\u00edce u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi; nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdi; odpov\u011bdi, na kter\u00fdch si lid\u00e9 nejv\u00edce dali z\u00e1le\u017eet. \u017d\u00e1dat o vybr\u00e1n\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed je neu\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. A vlastn\u011b se v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed v praxi ukazuje jako ne moc u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, ale ob\u010das to pom\u016f\u017ee vyhnout se chyb\u00e1m p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/a7379c5f2409c8bc71e83d703af7faa5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, takov\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje hodn\u011b \u010dasu ze strany u\u010ditele. To jsem ch\u00e1pal u\u017e kdy\u017e jsem za\u010d\u00ednal experimenty. Tak\u00e9 jsem si byl v\u011bdom, \u017ee nebudu schopen bezchybn\u011b rozli\u0161ovat dobr\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi od pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f \u2014 a rozhodl jsem se v nejasn\u00fdch situac\u00edch st\u00e1t na stran\u011b studenta. Dva experimenty strategie vydr\u017eela, ve t\u0159et\u00edm do\u0161lo k selh\u00e1n\u00ed: spousta lid\u00ed napsala nesmysly a stalo se to probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny experimenty trvaly semestr. Ve druh\u00e9m a t\u0159et\u00edm experimentu bylo skoro dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce student\u016f \u2014 asi 40. Ale ve druh\u00e9m odpov\u011bdi napsala jen hrstka student\u016f. Ve t\u0159et\u00edm odpov\u011bd\u011bli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to pova\u017eovali za snadn\u00e9 a v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed kurzu. A j\u00e1 jsem nedok\u00e1zal norm\u00e1ln\u011b rozli\u0161ovat zrno od plev, kter\u00fdmi v\u0161e rychle zarostlo. Abych situaci zachr\u00e1nil, musel jsem nab\u00eddnout snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantu slo\u017een\u00ed kurzu \u2014 pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed napsali cokoliv.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1m v pl\u00e1nu po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u011b stimulovat odpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky pouze t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed budou m\u00edt opravdu z\u00e1jem \u2014 pl\u00e1nuji ud\u011blovat body pouze za dobr\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. V sporn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech pl\u00e1nji nab\u00eddnout dopln\u011bn\u00ed a nezap\u00edrat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 body, dokud to nebude provedeno.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/095bd6a073a267fcd1b1c031e11b9595.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nemnogo-filosofskih-rassuzhdeniy\">Trochu filozofick\u00fdch \u00favah<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Jak \u010dasto zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat ot\u00e1zky?<\/strong> Pokud se ot\u00e1zky objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto, studenti se unav\u00ed na n\u011b odpov\u00eddat. Odpov\u011bdi na takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky mohou zab\u00edrat hodn\u011b \u010dasu. Pokud se ot\u00e1zky objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u0159\u00eddka, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme se situaci \"od zkou\u0161ky k zkou\u0161ce \u017eij\u00ed studenti vesele, a zkou\u0161ka je pouze dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b\" se v\u0161emi n\u00e1sledky. \u010c\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159edm\u011bt, t\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji by se ot\u00e1zky m\u011bly zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat. Co to znamen\u00e1 \u010dasto a z\u0159\u00eddka? \u010cast\u011bji ne\u017e se konaj\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky to ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9. Jednou za m\u011bs\u00edc \u2014 u\u017e je to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, studenti vypadnou z kontextu toho, co se d\u011blo na za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt term\u00edny na odpov\u011bdi?<\/strong> \u010c\u00edm krat\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn \u2014 t\u00edm v\u00edce student\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zky, kdy\u017e si je\u0161t\u011b dob\u0159e pamatuj\u00ed, co se d\u011blo na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce. \u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn \u2014 t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b student\u016f \u0159ekne, \u017ee nestihli odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zky, proto\u017ee je ru\u0161ily d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee optim\u00e1ln\u00ed je mezi 3 dny a t\u00fddnem, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dva.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat ot\u00e1zky p\u0159ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou nebo po n\u00ed?<\/strong> Pokud budou ot\u00e1zky i term\u00edn do p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, mnoz\u00ed studenti p\u0159ijdou na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraveni. Ale ne v\u0161ichni, co\u017e je probl\u00e9m, \u017ee se z\u00e1jmy n\u011bkter\u00fdch nezohledn\u00ed. Pokud se ot\u00e1zky publikuj\u00ed po p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce, mohou vych\u00e1zet z toho, co bylo \u0159e\u010deno, a pokr\u00fdt v\u00edce materi\u00e1lu. Pokud se ot\u00e1zky ud\u011blaj\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou a term\u00edn po n\u00ed, studenti odpov\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky m\u00edsto toho, aby naslouchali p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce. Pokud se vyv\u011bs\u00ed jeden seznam ot\u00e1zek p\u0159ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou a druh\u00fd po n\u00ed, dojde k p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b pokud p\u0159edm\u011bt nen\u00ed ten nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jsou n\u011bjak\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody v tom, uvolnit studenty od zkou\u0161ky proto, \u017ee dob\u0159e odpov\u00eddali na ot\u00e1zky b\u011bhem semestru? Vid\u00edm jen jednu: p\u0159\u00edprava na zkou\u0161ku podn\u011bcuje studenta, aby si je\u0161t\u011b jednou pro\u0161el cel\u00fd materi\u00e1l kurzu v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase. To \u010dasto vede k pochopen\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho obrazu kurzu, alespo\u0148 na kr\u00e1tkou dobu. P\u0159i odpov\u011bd\u00edch na ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek se takov\u00fd obraz nemus\u00ed utvo\u0159it. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u011bli bychom nutit studenty, kte\u0159\u00ed v semestru dob\u0159e pracovali, j\u00edt na zkou\u0161ku jen kv\u016fli utvo\u0159en\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho obrazu p\u0159edm\u011btu v jejich hlav\u00e1ch? Opravdu stoj\u00ed tento obraz za nervov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm? Nebude to demotivovat studenty b\u011bhem semestru? Lze tento obraz utvo\u0159it n\u011bjak jinak? Nad t\u011bmito ot\u00e1zkami pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, ozv\u011bte se, pokud m\u00e1te n\u00e1pady!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zp\u016fsob organizace kolektivn\u00edho studia teorie b\u011bhem semestru\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/5d04195db9eebc567c73f900ad24051d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bkujeme za pozornost!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P.S.: Nic, co jsem napsal, nepova\u017euji za dogma, a budu r\u00e1d za od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e a n\u00e1mitky =)<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/463271\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0413\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f. \u0418 \u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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