{"id":37082,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","slug":"4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","title":{"rendered":"4 zp\u016fsoby, jak u\u0161et\u0159it na z\u00e1loh\u00e1ch v cloudu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"4
\nZ\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f je jednou z oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost p\u0159i optimalizaci n\u00e1klad\u016f spole\u010dnosti. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme v\u00e1m, jak nastavit z\u00e1lohy v cloudu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 u\u0161et\u0159it na rozpo\u010dtu.
\n<\/i><\/a><\/noindex>
\nDatab\u00e1ze jsou cenn\u00fdm aktivem pro ka\u017edou spole\u010dnost. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proto se staly vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou pracovat ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu p\u0159ed fyzick\u00fdm odcizen\u00edm dat a \u00fanikem d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina velk\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed je v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na VM. Uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 se v nich obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Proto je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postarat se o vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1loh, aby se jednoho dne nestalo, \u017ee ji\u017e l\u00e9ta budovan\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze bude n\u00e1hle po\u0161kozen\u00e1 nebo nedostupn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b spole\u010dnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed z\u00e1lohy sv\u00fdch VM a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed je v odd\u011blen\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech. A pokud prim\u00e1rn\u00ed datov\u00e9 centrum sel\u017ee, je mo\u017en\u00e9 se rychle obnovit z z\u00e1lohy. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed situace nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je z\u00e1loha uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1 Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex>. Tento typ slu\u017eby v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina poskytovatel\u016f nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nenab\u00edz\u00ed nebo za n\u011bj \u00fa\u010dtuje dodate\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh se st\u00e1v\u00e1 docela n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Chytr\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed cloudov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b cloud?<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1lohy VM je pohodln\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vat na cloudov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch. Na trhu existuje mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed proces z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f. S jejich pomoc\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 organizovat nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed dat z virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f a zajistit stabiln\u00ed chod aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na t\u011bchto datech z\u00e1vis\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Proces z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt automatizov\u00e1n podle toho, jak\u00e9 soubory a jak \u010dasto je t\u0159eba data ukl\u00e1dat. \"Cloud\" nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 limity. Spole\u010dnost si m\u016f\u017ee vybrat funkce a v\u00fdkon, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jej\u00edm obchodn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, a platit pouze za spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 zdroje. <\/p>\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed infrastruktura nem\u00e1 tuto mo\u017enost. Je nutno platit za ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed (dokonce i to nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9) a pokud se objev\u00ed pot\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon, je nutn\u00e9 zakoupit v\u00edce server\u016f, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady. Cloud4Y nab\u00edz\u00ed 4 zp\u016fsoby, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Jak tedy u\u0161et\u0159it?<\/h2>\n

\nInkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost by m\u011bla pravideln\u011b z\u00e1lohovat kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 data. Ta v\u0161ak v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu rostou na objemu. V d\u016fsledku toho ka\u017ed\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1loha zab\u00edr\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce m\u00edsta a vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce \u010dasu na nahr\u00e1n\u00ed do \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. M\u016f\u017eete zjednodu\u0161it tento proces ulo\u017een\u00edm inkrement\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1loh.<\/p>\n

Inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1lohu prov\u00e1d\u00edte pouze jednou nebo v ur\u010dit\u00fdch intervalech (v z\u00e1vislosti na strategii z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1loha obsahuje pouze zm\u011bny proveden\u00e9 v p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1loze. Proto\u017ee se z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto a z\u00e1lohuj\u00ed se pouze nov\u00e9 zm\u011bny, organizace nemus\u00ed platit za p\u0159enos velk\u00fdch cloudov\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n

Omezit soubory nebo oblast str\u00e1nkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje nesta\u010dit pro ulo\u017een\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a dat OS. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b OS zabere ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1st pevn\u00e9ho disku pro ulo\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dat. Tato data se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed str\u00e1nkovac\u00ed soubor nebo oblast str\u00e1nkov\u00e1n\u00ed v syst\u00e9mech Windows a Linux.<\/p>\n

Obvykle jsou str\u00e1nkovac\u00ed soubory 1,5kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e RAM. Data v t\u011bchto souborech se pravideln\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed. A poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se prov\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1loha, jsou tyto soubory tak\u00e9 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1ny. Proto je lep\u0161\u00ed tyto soubory ze z\u00e1lohy vylou\u010dit. Zaberou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho m\u00edsta v cloudu, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m je uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00e1loze (soubory se toti\u017e neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed!). <\/p>\n

V podstat\u011b jde o to prov\u00e1d\u011bt z\u00e1lohu pouze t\u011bch dat, kter\u00e1 organizace skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje. A nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9, jako je str\u00e1nkovac\u00ed soubor, z\u00e1lohovat nestoj\u00ed za to.<\/p>\n

Duplicitn\u00ed a archiva\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1lohy<\/b><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1lohy virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f zab\u00edraj\u00ed nem\u00e1lo m\u00edsta, a proto je nutn\u00e9 rezervovat v\u00edce m\u00edsta v \u201ecloudu\u201c. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u0161et\u0159it sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm objemu z\u00e1loh. A zde m\u016f\u017ee pomoci deduplikace. To je proces kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f dat a nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed kopi\u00ed nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f odkazy na p\u016fvodn\u00ed bloky. Tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 archivy pro zkomprimov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy, aby se u\u0161et\u0159ilo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Toto t\u00e9ma je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud dodr\u017eujete pravidlo \u201e3-2-1\u201c ohledn\u011b uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh. Pravidlo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9ho uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat je t\u0159eba m\u00edt alespo\u0148 T\u0158I z\u00e1lohy ulo\u017een\u00e9 ve DVOU r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1tech uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e JEDNA z kopi\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na mimo hlavn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd princip zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odolnosti p\u0159ed v\u00fdpadky p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 redundantn\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat, tak\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed objemu z\u00e1lohy bude ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159\u00ednosem.<\/p>\n

Politika uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed GFS (Grandfather-Father-Son)<\/b><\/p>\n

Jak je organizov\u00e1n proces vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b spole\u010dnost\u00ed? V podstat\u011b nijak! Organizace vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed z\u00e1lohy a\u2026 zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na n\u011b. Na m\u011bs\u00edce, ne-li roky. To vede k zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na data, kter\u00e1 nikdy nejsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak se s t\u00edm vyrovnat, je vyu\u017eit\u00ed politik uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto politiky ur\u010duj\u00ed, kolik z\u00e1loh lze z\u00e1rove\u0148 uchov\u00e1vat v cloudu. <\/p>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed politika uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh je vysv\u011btlena principem \u201ekdo d\u0159\u00edv p\u0159ijde, ten d\u0159\u00edv odch\u00e1z\u00ed\u201c. S pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to politiky se uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1loh, a po dosa\u017een\u00ed limitu se nejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1loha ma\u017ee, aby se uvolnilo m\u00edsto pro nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ale tato strategie nen\u00ed zcela efektivn\u00ed, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud je t\u0159eba zajistit maximum bod\u016f obnoven\u00ed v co nejmen\u0161\u00edm objemu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed legislativn\u00ed a korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Tento probl\u00e9m lze vy\u0159e\u0161it pomoc\u00ed politiky GFS (D\u011bd-Otec-Syn). \u201eSyn\u201c je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad denn\u00ed. A \u201ed\u011bd\u201c je nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fd, nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed. A poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se vytvo\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e1 denn\u00ed z\u00e1loha, stane se synem t\u00fddenn\u00ed z\u00e1lohy z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho t\u00fddne. Tento model poskytuje firm\u011b v\u00edce bod\u016f obnoven\u00ed p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m omezen\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

Pokud v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebujete uchov\u00e1vat informace dlouho, je jich hodn\u011b, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se nikdy nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt takzvan\u00e9 ice cold \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. N\u00e1klady na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat v n\u011bm nejsou vysok\u00e9, ale pokud firma tato data po\u017eaduje, bude muset zaplatit. Je to jako vzd\u00e1len\u00fd temn\u00fd prostor. Le\u017e\u00ed tam spousta v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se nic nestane ani za 10-20-50 let. Ale ne\u017e se dostanete k tomu, co pot\u0159ebujete, ztrat\u00edte spoustu \u010dasu. V Cloud4Y tento typ \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b nazvali \u201eArchivn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed je povinn\u00fdm prvkem bezpe\u010dnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Ukl\u00e1dat z\u00e1lohy do cloudu je velmi pohodln\u00e9, ale n\u011bkdy je slu\u017eba velmi drah\u00e1. Pou\u017eit\u00edm n\u00e1mi uveden\u00fdch metod m\u016f\u017eete sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady firmy.<\/p>\n

Co dal\u0161\u00edho u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst na blogu Cloud4Y<\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 5 opensource syst\u00e9m\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Pivn\u00ed inteligence \u2014 AI vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed pivo<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Co budeme j\u00edst v roce 2050<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch distribuc\u00ed Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Roboti a jahody: Jak AI zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdnosy pol\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sledujte n\u00e1\u0161 Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-kan\u00e1l, abyste nep\u0159i\u0161li o dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek! P\u00ed\u0161eme maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dvakr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b a pouze relevantn\u011b.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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