{"id":37249,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ne-shutite-s-null\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:34","slug":"ne-shutite-s-null","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-shutite-s-null","title":{"rendered":"Nehrajte si s NULL","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u016fstojn\u00fdm p\u00e1tkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem se stala situace s americk\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edkem Josephem Tartarem. Rozhodl se vy\u010dn\u00edvat, kdy\u017e si objednal nejen vlastn\u00ed registra\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo na auto, ale tak\u00e9 ho spojil se sv\u00fdm \u0159emeslem. Prvn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou bylo si pohr\u00e1t se SEGFAULT nebo n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm. Nakonec se v\u0161ak rozhodl pro \u010d\u00edslo NULL pro sv\u00e9 auto a VOID pro svou \u017eenu. Vn\u00edm\u00e1te, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku? O tom, jak se mu toto nevinn\u00e9 \u017eertov\u00e1n\u00ed vymstilo, o dal\u0161\u00edm kuri\u00f3zn\u00edm panu Null a o pou\u010dn\u00fdch chyb\u00e1ch p\u0159i kontrole datov\u00fdch typ\u016f ve vstupu u\u017eivatel\u016f, \u010dt\u011bte d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\"Nehrajte<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V roce 2016 n\u00e1\u0161 program\u00e1tor-vtip\u00e1lek obdr\u017eel sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 vtipn\u00e9 registra\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla a jist\u011b si spokojen\u011b mne ruce. Dokonce m\u011bl nad\u011bji, \u017ee mu tento krok u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed pokuty. Ne \u017ee by hodn\u011b poru\u0161oval p\u0159edpisy, ale samotn\u00e1 idea, \u017ee by takto mohl syst\u00e9m obelst\u00edt, se pro odborn\u00edka na bezpe\u010dnost zd\u00e1la velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my za\u010daly o rok pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e se pokusil prodlou\u017eit platnost \u010d\u00edsel online. A velmi zklamal web, kter\u00fd k tomu byl ur\u010den.<\/p>\n

\"Nehrajte
\n
\nSyst\u00e9m pova\u017eoval zadan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo za neplatn\u00e9. Program\u00e1to\u0159i n\u011bkde ud\u011blali chybu, a zadan\u00fd NULL jako textov\u00e1 hodnota byl z\u0159ejm\u011b zkontrolov\u00e1n nespr\u00e1vn\u011b. Chyba ne-striktn\u00ed typizace? P\u0159esto se mu poda\u0159ilo prodlou\u017eit \u010d\u00edslo na rok pomoc\u00ed k\u00f3du v odkazu a n\u011bjak d\u00e1l na to u\u017e zapomn\u011bl.<\/p>\n

Jak se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, to nebyly zdaleka v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my. D\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159ipomn\u011bl star\u00fd vtip:<\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1k uprost\u0159ed pole se sna\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak opravit odpadl\u00e9 p\u00e1sy z tanku. Najednou se zjev\u00ed v\u00edla a zept\u00e1 se:
\n \u2014 Co d\u011bl\u00e1\u0161, voj\u00e1ku?
\n \u2014 No, sna\u017e\u00edm se.
\n \u2014 A chce\u0161 to ud\u011blat po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b?
\n \u2014 (sn\u00edlkovsky) Chci\u2026
\nV\u00edla m\u00e1vla kouzelnou h\u016flkou\u2026 A tanku odpadla v\u011b\u017e.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nNa za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2018 dostal zcela zaslou\u017eenou pokutu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 35 dolar\u016f. Mohl by ji napadnout, ale bylo jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zaplatit, suma nen\u00ed velk\u00e1. A pak v\u00edla m\u00e1vla h\u016flkou\u2026 A do jeho po\u0161tovn\u00ed schr\u00e1nky za\u010daly padat pokuty za neplacen\u00ed parkov\u00e1n\u00ed, zastaven\u00ed na zak\u00e1zan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 radosti. Des\u00edtky a des\u00edtky pokut ve v\u00fd\u0161\u00edch 37, 60, 74, 80 dolar\u016f\u2026 Z \u00fapln\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch kout\u016f Kalifornie. Na zcela r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech aut. Kv\u016fli dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161patn\u00e9mu ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed typizace se hodnota NULL spojila v datab\u00e1zi s jeho osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji. A poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e state\u010dn\u00fd str\u00e1\u017ece z\u00e1kona zapomn\u011bl zadat \u010d\u00edslo auta do syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed pokuty, odm\u011bna \u0161la na\u0161emu hrdinovi (tady by bylo dobr\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b vynadat v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm frontendu za chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kontrolu na vypln\u011bn\u00ed jednoho z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch parametr\u016f).<\/p>\n

V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku dostal dv\u011b pokuty vydan\u00e9 na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b s rozd\u00edlem n\u011bkolika hodin na zcela r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech aut. Pro \u00fapln\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se na n\u011bj retrospektivn\u011b vztahovaly star\u00e9 pokuty bez uveden\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla. Tak mu p\u0159i\u0161ly i pokuty z roku 2014, kdy\u017e ani \u010d\u00edslo nem\u011bl. Nakonec mu na krku z\u016fstalo pokuty za v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 000 dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Nehrajte
\n
\nPokutami za parkov\u00e1n\u00ed se zab\u00fdvala soukrom\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Citation Processing Center. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee Joseph je kontaktoval a sna\u017eil se vysv\u011btlit situaci. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, mana\u017eer na telefonu ho jemn\u011b odm\u00edtl, po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby mu poslali zp\u011bt potvrzen\u00ed, aby se t\u00edm zab\u00fdvali. Ale to by znamenalo ztr\u00e1tu jedin\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 kopie, potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed nespr\u00e1vnost vystaven\u00ed pokuty. A bylo dobr\u00e9, \u017ee neposlal. Pozd\u011bji si v\u0161iml, \u017ee v otev\u0159en\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi pokut, dostupn\u00e9 online, byla p\u016fvodn\u00ed model auta nahrazena jeho. Dal\u0161\u00ed kolo rozhovor\u016f s mana\u017eery, stejn\u011b tak bezv\u00fdsledn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nakonec se musel obr\u00e1tit p\u0159\u00edmo na DMV (Department of Motor Vehicles, st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se registrac\u00ed motorov\u00fdch vozidel), a s jejich pomoc\u00ed se mu poda\u0159ilo pom\u011brn\u011b rychle sn\u00ed\u017eit \u010d\u00e1stku na $6262, nicm\u00e9n\u011b to nevy\u0159e\u0161ilo p\u016fvodn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Nov\u00e9 pokuty st\u00e1le p\u0159ich\u00e1zely. K datu naps\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku v Wired z\u016fst\u00e1valy nezaplacen\u00e9 2 pokuty v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i $140. Co je nejv\u00edce smutn\u00e9, DMV mu odm\u00edt\u00e1 prodlou\u017een\u00ed registra\u010dn\u00edch zna\u010dek na dal\u0161\u00ed rok, dokud nebudou pokuty vy\u0159e\u0161eny. Nav\u00edc nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, kam se obr\u00e1tit a koho pra\u0161tit p\u0159es hlavu, aby se tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161il. DMV zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jejich syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho zna\u010dky a uv\u011bdomuje si absurditu situace. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1le\u017eitosti parkov\u00e1n\u00ed spadaj\u00ed pod m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, na kter\u00e9 nemohou m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv. Tak\u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt sv\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0160pr\u00fdm se nepoda\u0159il.<\/p>\n

Pan Null<\/h2>\n

\nJe\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed postihlo Christophera Nulla. Nen\u00ed mu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00e1no, \u017ee se narodil s takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00edm. Zat\u00edmco Joseph Tartaro trp\u00ed pouze pokutami a to jen asi posledn\u00ed rok, Christopher se permanentn\u011b st\u00e1le hloub\u011bji pot\u00e1p\u00ed do propasti tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, zat\u00edmco se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mu d\u011bl\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 koncepce MVP (minimum viable product, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd produkt), kter\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s koncepc\u00ed \u201erychle a do produkce\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pokud nav\u00edc pomineme v\u0161echny \u017eert\u00edky na \u00farovni \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jeho p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, a obvin\u011bn\u00ed z pokusu p\u0159it\u00e1hnout k sob\u011b pozornost (co\u017e je dobr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, pokud jste technick\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159, jak\u00fdm Christopher je), p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi webov\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami a aplikacemi vznikaj\u00ed podivnosti.<\/p>\n

Podle Christopherov\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed Null spr\u00e1vn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u0161ak hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee pole nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, nebo \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o rezervovan\u00e9 slovo. Ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech aplikace zcela selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Co je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost stoj\u00ed za aplikac\u00ed nebo webem, t\u00edm v\u00edce probl\u00e9m\u016f s jeho p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00edm bude.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pot\u011b\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed je jeho filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e9 odstra\u0148uje Null z ji\u017e ulo\u017een\u00fdch dat. N\u011bkdy dost\u00e1v\u00e1 e-maily na adresu Media LLC (zat\u00edmco n\u00e1zev spole\u010dnosti je Null Media LLC), a n\u011bkdy mu v r\u016fzn\u00e9m spamu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed prost\u011b \"pane\". Musel si dokonce vypracovat obchvatn\u00e9 man\u00e9vry. Nap\u0159\u00edklad uv\u00e1d\u011bl druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no nebo inici\u00e1lu do jednoho pole se p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00edm, nebo jednodu\u0161e p\u0159id\u00e1val te\u010dku na konec. Ale n\u011bkdy je tvrdohlavost syst\u00e9mu nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tak, Bank of America kategoricky odm\u00edtal p\u0159ijmout jeho e-mail null@nullmedia.com. Jejich syst\u00e9m prost\u011b odm\u00edtal akceptovat null v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti adresy, dokonce musel vytvo\u0159it alias info@speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro banku. A\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech se bankovn\u00ed software vyvinul a... p\u0159estal akceptovat null i jako sou\u010d\u00e1st dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na. Ubo\u017e\u00e1k musel zalo\u017eit oby\u010dejn\u00fd \u00fa\u010det na Gmailu pro zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nezbedn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady. I ten obsahoval null, ale ne na za\u010d\u00e1tku u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n

Setkali jste se s n\u011bjak\u00fdmi kuriozitami p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch hodnot? Pov\u011bzte n\u00e1m v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

D\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, 30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e (Joseph Tartaro). \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 SEGFAULT \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 NULL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 VOID \u0434\u043b\u044f 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