{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed paketov\u00e9ho filtru nftables 0.9.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Prob\u011bhlo<\/a><\/noindex> vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00edkov\u00e9ho filtru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, vyvinut\u00fd jako n\u00e1hrada za iptables, ip6tables, arptables a ebtables sjednocen\u00edm rozhran\u00ed pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pro IPv4, IPv6, ARP a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mosty. Bal\u00ed\u010dek nftables obsahuje komponenty pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, zat\u00edmco na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u010dinnost podv\u00fdkon nf_tables, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux od verze 3.13. Po\u017eadovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed verze nftables 0.9.2 jsou zahrnuty v j\u00e1d\u0159e Linux 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra je poskytov\u00e1no pouze obecn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm protokolu a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat z paket\u016f, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed s daty a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 logika filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed a specifick\u00e9 pro protokoly zpracovatele jsou kompilov\u00e1ny do bajtk\u00f3du v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, kter\u00fd je potom nahr\u00e1n do j\u00e1dra pomoc\u00ed rozhran\u00ed Netlink a vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroji, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euje velikost k\u00f3du filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd pracuje na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra, a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny funkce anal\u00fdzy pravidel a logiku pr\u00e1ce s protokoly do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost kontroly \u010d\u00edsla portu z hlavi\u010dky paketu transportn\u00ed vrstvy bez ohledu na typ protokolu \u010dtvrt\u00e9 vrstvy:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora obnovy \u017eivotnosti souboru prvk\u016f:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost kontroly jednotliv\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed (lsrr, rr, ssrr a ra) z paket\u016f IPv4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Pro mo\u017enosti sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 zkontrolovat pole type, ptr, length a addr:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve v\u00fdrazech je nyn\u00ed povoleno uv\u00e1d\u011bt s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 prefixy a rozsahy adres:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch v definic\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ur\u010den\u00ed priority \u0159et\u011bzce m\u016f\u017ee nyn\u00ed prob\u00edhat jak v \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9, tak v symbolick\u00e9 podob\u011b:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    definuj prioffset = \u201efilter \u2014 150\u201c<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora modulu synproxy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed TCP portu 8888 pod ochranu synproxy lze pou\u017e\u00edt sadu pravidel:\n<p>    tabulka ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct state invalid, untracked synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro ur\u010den\u00ed v tabulce conntrack o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v protokolech a sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, lze nyn\u00ed ur\u010dovat politiky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm standartn\u00edch sad pravidel. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro stanoven\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k TCP portu 8888 n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na port 5432 lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla:\n<p>        tabulka x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                chain input {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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