{"id":37286,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-19-nachalo-raboty-s-routerami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:46","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-19-nachalo-raboty-s-routerami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-19-nachalo-raboty-s-routerami","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kolen\u00ed Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Den 19. Za\u010d\u00e1tek pr\u00e1ce s routery","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dne\u0161n\u00ed lekce nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed informace o routerech Cisco. Ne\u017e za\u010dneme studovat materi\u00e1l, r\u00e1d bych poblahop\u0159\u00e1l v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed sleduj\u00ed m\u016fj kurz, proto\u017ee video lekce \"Den 1\" byla doposud shl\u00e9dnuta t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milionem lid\u00ed. D\u011bkuji v\u0161em u\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli k vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci videokurzu CCNA. <\/p>\n

Dnes se budeme zab\u00fdvat t\u0159emi t\u00e9maty: router jako fyzick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u00favod do router\u016f Cisco a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed konfigurace routeru. Na tomto sn\u00edmku je zobrazen, jak vypad\u00e1 typick\u00fd router modelu 1921 od spole\u010dnosti Cisco.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nNa rozd\u00edl od switche, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 mnoho port\u016f, m\u00e1 typick\u00fd router pouze 2 porty pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou to porty Gigabit Ethernet GE0\/0 a GE0\/1 a USB konektor. Router tak\u00e9 obsahuje sloty pro roz\u0161i\u0159ovac\u00ed moduly a 2 konzolov\u00e9 porty, v\u010detn\u011b 1 USB portu. Vlastnost\u00ed router\u016f Cisco je p\u0159\u00edtomnost sp\u00edna\u010de - switche Cisco nemaj\u00ed. Obvykle p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st routeru vypad\u00e1 jako na lev\u00e9 doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sn\u00edmku. Na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b routeru jsou um\u00edst\u011bny konektory pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kabel\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je kabel ze slotu GE0\/0 nebo GE0\/1 p\u0159ipojen k switchi. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Vpravo dole je zobrazen roz\u0161i\u0159ovac\u00ed modul NME-X 23-ES-1GP, kter\u00fd lze vlo\u017eit do routeru po odstran\u011bn\u00ed zakr\u00fdvac\u00edch desek. Pomoc\u00ed takov\u00fdch modul\u016f lze roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it funk\u010dnost b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho routeru Cisco podle va\u0161ich pot\u0159eb. Jak je zn\u00e1mo, produkty Cisco jsou z d\u016fvodu sv\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti a \u0161irok\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00e9, proto m\u00e1 u\u017eivatel mo\u017enost nezaplatit za za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi, ne\u017e kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuje. Koup\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho routeru se 2 porty se mohou postupn\u011b dokupovat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ovac\u00ed moduly. Celkov\u011b jsou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Cisco schopna vykon\u00e1vat mno\u017estv\u00ed funkc\u00ed. Routery nevymyslela spole\u010dnost Cisco, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b routery ud\u011blaly Cisco t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm ji dnes zn\u00e1me. Cisco za\u010dalo masovou v\u00fdrobu router\u016f s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalitou, co\u017e zajistilo t\u00e9to produkci vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed na trhu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
\nCisco se ozna\u010duje jako softwarov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, tedy jako v\u00fdrobce softwaru. Hardwarov\u00e9 komponenty, podobn\u00e9 \"\u017eelezu\" Cisco, m\u016f\u017ee vyrobit jak\u00fdkoliv v\u00fdrobce, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010c\u00edna, n\u00e1kupem p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch komponent. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b software Cisco IOS d\u00e1v\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti to, \u010d\u00edm opravdu jsou. Spole\u010dnost se skute\u010dn\u011b py\u0161n\u00ed t\u00edmto opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch Cisco \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e jde o switche nebo routery. <\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vyn\u00e1lezem Cisco je tak\u00e9 technologie CEF Enhanced, neboli Cisco Express Forwarding. Ta zaji\u0161\u0165uje velmi rychl\u00fd p\u0159enos paket\u016f, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti, kterou umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed technick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti s\u00edt\u011b. Toho bylo dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky integrovan\u00fdm obvod\u016fm Cisco ASIC \u2013 Application Specific Integrated Circuitry, kter\u00e9 p\u0159im\u011bj\u00ed switch p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et pakety t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rychlost\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.
\nJak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, router je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry softwarov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto rozhodnut\u00ed o sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Cisco IOS. <\/p>\n

V\u00edte, \u017ee existuj\u00ed drah\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 karty pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry. Pokud takovou kartu nem\u00e1te, ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, 3D animace a slo\u017eit\u00e1 grafick\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed va\u0161e opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed procesor po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Pokud m\u00e1te nainstalovanou v\u00fdkonnou grafickou kartu s vlastn\u00edm GPU procesorem a vlastn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed, v\u00fdkonnost ve hr\u00e1ch se mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b zvy\u0161uje, proto\u017ee se o grafickou \u010d\u00e1st star\u00e1 odd\u011blen\u00e9 \"\u017eelezo.\"<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b funguje switch, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny rozhodnut\u00ed o sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f \u010din\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 \"\u017eelezo\", ani\u017e by zat\u011b\u017eovalo router, v n\u011bm\u017e by tato rozhodnut\u00ed m\u011bla \u010dinit software. Cisco pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 polo-softwarovou, polo-hardwarovou technologii CEF, kter\u00e1 p\u0159im\u011bje router p\u0159ij\u00edmat urychlen\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato funkce je vlastn\u00ed pouze router\u016fm spole\u010dnosti Cisco. <\/p>\n

Ji\u017e jsme se pod\u00edvali, jak prov\u00e9st po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed parametr\u016f switche, a proto\u017ee nastaven\u00ed routeru prob\u00edh\u00e1 obdobn\u011b, pov\u00edm v\u00e1m o n\u011bm velmi rychle. Otev\u0159u program Cisco Packet Tracer a vyberu router modelu 1921, pot\u00e9 otev\u0159u okno konzole IOS, ve kter\u00e9m m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, jak se na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m tohoto routeru.
\nVid\u00edte, \u017ee m\u00e1me na\u010dtenou verzi 15.1, co\u017e je posledn\u00ed verze IOS, objem pam\u011bti \u010din\u00ed 512 MB, platforma CISCO 2911, d\u00e1le jsou uvedeny ostatn\u00ed parametry opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, test obrazu IOS a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je zde licen\u010dn\u00ed smlouva a dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nUvedu samostatn\u00e9 video v\u011bnovan\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b Cisco IOS, nebo prost\u011b pop\u00ed\u0161u r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eby tohoto opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. \u0158eknu jen, \u017ee podle \u010d\u00edsla verze m\u016f\u017eete ur\u010dit, jak\u00fdmi funkcemi a schopnostmi disponuje dan\u00fd OS. Od verze 15.1 jsou v\u0161echny verze IOS univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na licenci, kterou si u\u017eivatel zakoup\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce syst\u00e9mu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud pot\u0159ebujete zv\u00fd\u0161it zabezpe\u010den\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, zakoup\u00edte licenci pro zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed slu\u017ebu, pokud pot\u0159ebujete funkce hlasov\u00e9ho servisu \u2013 licenci hlasov\u00e9 slu\u017eby atd. <\/p>\n

Do verze 15.1 m\u011bly routery OS s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi verzemi \u2013 Basic, Security, Enterprise, Voice Enable a tak d\u00e1le. \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee router m\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele m\u011bl verzi Enterprise IOS, zat\u00edmco j\u00e1 m\u011bl verzi Basic IOS. Nic mi v\u0161ak nebr\u00e1nilo vz\u00edt verzi p\u0159\u00edtele a nainstalovat ji na sv\u016fj router, proto\u017ee Cisco nepou\u017e\u00edvalo koncept licenc\u00ed OS. <\/p>\n

S verz\u00ed 15.1 za\u010dala spole\u010dnost pou\u017e\u00edvat koncept licen\u010dn\u00edch variant, a dokud nezakoup\u00edte p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d, nem\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u017e\u00e1dnou dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017ebu opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e se budeme zab\u00fdvat licen\u010dn\u00ed politikou Cisco, v\u00e1m pov\u00edm o r\u016fzn\u00fdch verz\u00edch IOS. Prozat\u00edm se t\u00edmto nemus\u00edte p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zab\u00fdvat a m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ej\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmo k logu na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Na konci protokolu vid\u00edte popis \"hardwaru\", na kter\u00e9m byl syst\u00e9m spu\u0161t\u011bn: zna\u010dka procesoru, 3 gigabitov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, 64bitov\u00e1 DRAM, 256 kB nevolatile pam\u011bti. Tato velikost pam\u011bti se zd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1, ale pro sm\u011brova\u010d, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed sm\u011brovac\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, je to zcela dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Tuto pam\u011b\u0165 nelze srovn\u00e1vat s pam\u011bt\u00ed va\u0161eho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, jedn\u00e1 se o zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bci. <\/p>\n

Protokol zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed Cisco IOS kon\u010d\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou: \"Pokra\u010dovat konfigura\u010dn\u00ed dialog? Ano\/Ne\". Pokud odpov\u00edte \"Ano\", syst\u00e9m v\u00e1s provede s\u00e9ri\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, na kter\u00e9 kdy\u017e odpov\u00edte, provedete po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed konfiguraci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

B\u011bhem studia kurzu CCNA byste to nem\u011bli d\u011blat, tak\u017ee na tuto ot\u00e1zku v\u017edy odpov\u00eddejte \"Ne\". Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017eete zvolit odpov\u011b\u010f \"Ano\" a p\u0159esko\u010dit nastaven\u00ed konfigurace, ale proto\u017ee nev\u00edte, jak to prov\u00e9st, je lep\u0161\u00ed vybrat odpov\u011b\u010f \"Ne\".<\/p>\n

Po v\u00fdb\u011bru \"Ne\" a stisknut\u00ed RETURN p\u0159ejdeme k n\u00e1pov\u011bd\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku, kde m\u016f\u017eete zad\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b switche zadejte na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edkaz Router > enable, abyste p\u0159e\u0161li do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu nastaven\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 zad\u00e1m config t (configure terminal) a dostanu se do re\u017eimu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace. <\/p>\n

Rychle projdeme p\u0159\u00edkazy. Chci zm\u011bnit jm\u00e9no hostitele, tak\u017ee pou\u017eiji p\u0159\u00edkaz hostname R1, n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy negace, tak\u017ee nejd\u0159\u00edve pos\u00edl\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz do show ip interface brief, abych zobrazil rozhran\u00ed sm\u011brova\u010de. Vid\u00edme, \u017ee port Gigabit Ethernet 0\/0 je v re\u017eimu administratively down, tak\u017ee pou\u017eiji p\u0159\u00edkazy int gigabitEthernet 0\/0 a no shutdown. Pot\u00e9 se stav portu zm\u011bn\u00ed na up. Pokud se znovu pod\u00edv\u00e1me na stav rozhran\u00ed sm\u011brova\u010de, vid\u00edme, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 tento port stav \"aktivn\u00ed\". Stav protokolu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v poloze down, proto\u017ee k na\u0161emu sm\u011brova\u010di nen\u00ed nic p\u0159ipojeno, a p\u0159i absenci provozu je v ne\u010dinnosti. Jakmile v\u0161ak na port sm\u011brova\u010de doraz\u00ed provoz, protokol zm\u011bn\u00ed stav na up.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba nastavit heslo pro konzolu. K tomu p\u00ed\u0161u p\u0159\u00edkazy line con 0, password console a do show run, abych se ujistil, \u017ee heslo pro konzolu bylo nastavena. Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hesla bude provedeno a\u017e pot\u00e9, co zad\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz login. Nyn\u00ed je konzolov\u00fd port sm\u011brova\u010de chr\u00e1n\u011bn heslem.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e jsem v\u00e1m vypr\u00e1v\u011bl o \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed hesel. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee n\u011bkdo z\u00edskal p\u0159\u00edstup ke st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed konfiguraci tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Proto\u017ee je v n\u00ed vid\u011bt nastaven\u00e9 heslo, m\u016f\u017ee si ho ten \u010dlov\u011bk snadno ukr\u00e1st, aby se kdykoli dostal do nastaven\u00ed routeru a prolomil syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak aktivovat \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed hesla, je pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz service password-encryption. Proto\u017ee je tento p\u0159\u00edkaz ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed pou\u017eit s negac\u00ed no a vypad\u00e1 jako no service password-encryption, \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed hesla nen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno. P\u0159ejd\u011bme do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigura\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu, zadejme p\u0159\u00edkaz service password-encryption a stiskn\u011bme \"Enter\". Tento p\u0159\u00edkaz znamen\u00e1, \u017ee syst\u00e9m vezme textov\u00e9 heslo, kter\u00e9 jsem nastavil, a za\u0161ifruje ho. <\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu do show run a p\u0159ejdeme k \u0159\u00e1dku hesla, m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt, \u017ee heslo sedm\u00e9ho typu se zm\u011bnilo na n\u00e1hodnou sekvenci \u010d\u00edslic. Pokud n\u011bkdo z va\u0161ich koleg\u016f nahl\u00e9dne p\u0159es va\u0161e rameno a uvid\u00ed toto heslo, bude pro n\u011bj velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 tuto sekvenci zapamatovat. T\u00edmto jsme vytvo\u0159ili prvn\u00ed linii obrany zabezpe\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nAle i kdy\u017e se mu poda\u0159\u00ed toto heslo zkop\u00edrovat, vstoupit do nastaven\u00ed a pokusit se je vlo\u017eit do \u0159\u00e1dku hesla, syst\u00e9m mu nedovol\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do nastaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee tato posloupnost \u010d\u00edslic nen\u00ed samo heslo, ale jeho za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 hodnoty. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 heslo je slovo console, a kdy\u017e ho zad\u00e1m, z\u00edsk\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edstup k konzolov\u00e9mu portu. Tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo zkop\u00edruje tato \u010d\u00edsla, st\u00e1le se nebude moci dostat k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak m\u00fdl\u00edme, proto\u017ee v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebuje \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk, je dostat se na web, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje snadno de\u0161ifrovat hesla Cisco sedm\u00e9ho typu. Sta\u010d\u00ed se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit na str\u00e1nku webu, zadat zkop\u00edrovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla a z\u00edsk\u00e1te de\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 heslo, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to slovo console. Nyn\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed hackerovi toto slovo zkop\u00edrovat, vr\u00e1tit se do nastaven\u00ed IOS a vlo\u017eit ho do \u0159\u00e1dku pro dotaz na heslo.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nV tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 funkce Enable Password nezaji\u0161\u0165uje po\u017eadovanou \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak zajistit ochranu, je pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz enable secret cisco. Pokud se pot\u00e9 pod\u00edv\u00e1te na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci, bude vid\u011bt, \u017ee hodnota hesla nyn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje soubor r\u016fzn\u00fdch znak\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl pou\u017eit p\u00e1t\u00fd typ hesel Cisco. <\/p>\n

Dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho typu hesla online nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, tak\u017ee nyn\u00ed je konzole va\u0161eho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v naprost\u00e9m bezpe\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le je pot\u0159eba nastavit heslo na Telnet. K tomu zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz line vty 0 4, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto routeru 5 u\u017eivatel\u016fm, a zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz password telnet. Nyn\u00ed, pokud se n\u011bkdo pokus\u00ed p\u0159ipojit k routeru p\u0159es protokol Telnet, bude muset zadat toto heslo \u2013 slovo telnet. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le jsme pro switch prov\u00e1d\u011bli nastaven\u00ed IP adresy Management IP, proto\u017ee switch pat\u0159\u00ed do 2. vrstvy OSI. Router je v\u0161ak za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm 3. vrstvy, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd port routeru m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed IP adresu. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nVe switchi jsme p\u0159ech\u00e1zeli k nastaven\u00edm VLAN1 nebo k nastaven\u00edm jak\u00e9koliv jin\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 bylo pot\u0159eba zadat IP adresu. Vytv\u00e1\u0159eli jsme virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhran\u00ed a p\u0159i\u0159azovali jim IP adresy. Ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b routeru je pot\u0159eba p\u0159i\u0159adit tyto adresy fyzick\u00fdm port\u016fm, proto zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkazy config t a int g0\/0. D\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz pro p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed IP adresy stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b VLAN, tedy zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 a pak zad\u00e1v\u00e1m no shutdown.<\/p>\n

Pokud se nyn\u00ed pod\u00edv\u00e1te na stav port\u016f, pou\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazu do show int brief, bude vid\u011bt, \u017ee adresa 10.1.1.1 byla p\u0159id\u011blena rozhran\u00ed Gigabit Ethernet 0\/0. Takto jsme nastavili IP adresu.
\nD\u00e1le p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme k nastaven\u00ed logovac\u00edho banneru. Stejn\u011b jako pro switch, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz banner motd & a pot\u00e9 mohu zadat jak\u00fdkoliv text, kter\u00fd chci, nap\u0159\u00edklad Welcome to NetworKing Router, podtrhnu text \u201ehv\u011bzdi\u010dkami\u201c a uzav\u0159u ho ampersandem &.
\nPokud chcete port odpojit, pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00edkaz Shutdown. Pro ulo\u017een\u00ed nastaven\u00ed pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00edkaz copy running-config startup-config. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci m\u016f\u017eete zobrazit pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show running conf, zat\u00edmco pro zobrazen\u00ed startovn\u00ed konfigurace pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00edkaz show startup conf. Proto\u017ee jsme pou\u017e\u00edvali nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \"out of the box\" a zaveden\u00ed s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi parametry, syst\u00e9m na \u017e\u00e1dost o zobrazen\u00ed startovn\u00ed konfigurace odpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee ta je\u0161t\u011b neexistuje. <\/p>\n

Po zad\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu copy running-config startup-config syst\u00e9m \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159episovan\u00fd soubor je soubor parametru startovn\u00ed konfigurace startup-config. Po p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed souboru startovn\u00ed konfigurace jej prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edm pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show startup conf a vid\u00edm, \u017ee nyn\u00ed pln\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 souboru parametr\u016f aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed, pokud router vypnu a znovu zapnu, zavede se pomoc\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch parametr\u016f. <\/p>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stavu routeru lze nejl\u00e9pe prov\u00e9st pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show int brief, m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz show int, kter\u00fd zobraz\u00ed stav v\u0161ech port\u016f. Pokud chcete vid\u011bt stav konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho portu, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz show interface g0\/0, po kter\u00e9m syst\u00e9m zobraz\u00ed \u00faplnou statistiku o tomto rozhran\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Jak jsem \u0159ekl, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed routeru je sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulka. Zobrazit ji m\u016f\u017eete pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show ip route. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nV t\u00e9to chv\u00edli je tabulka pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1, proto\u017ee k na\u0161emu routeru nejsou p\u0159ipojena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm video tutori\u00e1lu se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulka pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch protokol\u016f, jak se vypl\u0148uje p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm statick\u00e9ho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dynamick\u00fdch protokol\u016f. Na sv\u011bt\u011b router\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz show ip route mezi nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee obvykle v\u0161echny obt\u00ed\u017ee se sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b u sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky. <\/p>\n

T\u00edmto kon\u010d\u00edm na\u0161i video lekci, proto\u017ee jsem probral v\u0161e, co bylo na dne\u0161ek napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no. Mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f se pt\u00e1, co m\u011b motivuje, kdy\u017e nat\u00e1\u010d\u00edm a zve\u0159ej\u0148uji tyto video lekce. D\u011bl\u00e1m to ve sv\u00e9m voln\u00e9m \u010dase zcela zdarma. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mi m\u016f\u017eete poslat pen\u00edze, pokud budete cht\u00edt. Mnoh\u00e9 weby pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed moje video lekce a \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed za to pen\u00edze, ale j\u00e1 nechci jednat takto se sv\u00fdmi poslucha\u010di a slibuji, \u017ee m\u00e9 lekce nikdy nebudou zpoplatn\u011bny. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nD\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, 30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 Cisco. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 1\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a. \u042f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 CCNA. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27968,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0160kolen\u00ed Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. 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Pr\u00e1ce s routery | ProHoster","description":"Dne\u0161n\u00ed lekce je \u00favodn\u00ed informac\u00ed o routerech Cisco.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-19-nachalo-raboty-s-routerami","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 19. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 Cisco.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-19-nachalo-raboty-s-routerami","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:16:46+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:16:46+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"37286","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-23 17:07:20","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:29:59","updated":"2026-01-23 17:07:20","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}