{"id":37376,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:16","slug":"opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/opticheskij-telegraf-svch-set-i-bashnya-tesly-neobychnye-vyshki-svyazi","title":{"rendered":"Optick\u00fd telegraf, mikrovlnn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 a Tesla Tower: neobvykl\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nV\u0161ichni jsme si zvykli na to, \u017ee v\u011b\u017ee a sto\u017e\u00e1ry pro komunikaci vypadaj\u00ed nudn\u011b nebo neatraktivn\u011b. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed existuj\u00ed v historii zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 a neobvykl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady t\u011bchto, jinak utilit\u00e1rn\u00edch, stavb\u00e1ch. P\u0159ipravili jsme malou kolekci komunika\u010dn\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1m zd\u00e1ly obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pozoruhodn\u00e9.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Stockholmsk\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e<\/h1>\n

\nZa\u010dn\u011bme \"eso v ruk\u00e1vu\" \u2014 nejneobvyklej\u0161\u00ed a nejstar\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrce. \u0158\u00edkat tomu \"v\u011b\u017e\" se ani neodv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme. V roce 1887 byla ve Stockholmu postavena \u010dtvercov\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e ze ocelov\u00fdch nosn\u00edk\u016f. Se v\u011b\u017ei\u010dkami na roz\u00edch, vlajkov\u00fdmi sto\u017e\u00e1ry a v\u00fdzdobou po obvodu \u2014 kr\u00e1sa!<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nV zim\u011b v\u011b\u017e vypadala obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kouzeln\u011b, kdy\u017e se dr\u00e1ty pokryly ledem:<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nV roce 1913 p\u0159estala v\u011b\u017e b\u00fdt telefonn\u00edm uzlem, ale nebyla zdemolov\u00e1na a z\u016fstala jako m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pam\u00e1tka. Bohu\u017eel, p\u0159esn\u011b po 40 letech do\u0161lo v budov\u011b k po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u011b\u017e musela b\u00fdt rozebr\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Mikrovlnn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165<\/h1>\n

\nV roce 1948 americk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost AT&T uvedla do provozu n\u00e1kladn\u00fd projekt na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v\u011b\u017e\u00ed radiorel\u00e9ov\u00e9 komunikace v mikrovlnn\u00e9m p\u00e1smu. V roce 1951 byla s\u00ed\u0165, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se ze 107 v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, uvedena do provozu. Poprv\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 telefonicky volat po cel\u00e9 zemi a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et televizn\u00ed sign\u00e1l v\u00fdhradn\u011b \"vzduchem\", bez pou\u017eit\u00ed kabelov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Vychylova\u010de jejich ant\u00e9n p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed gramofony nebo designov\u00e9 reproduktory postaven\u00e9 podle sch\u00e9matu reverzn\u00edho ku\u017eelu.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak byla s\u00ed\u0165 opu\u0161t\u011bna, proto\u017ee ji nahradilo optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno. Osud v\u011b\u017e\u00ed se vyv\u00edjel r\u016fzn\u011b: n\u011bkter\u00e9 reziv\u011bly bez u\u017eitku, jin\u00e9 byly roz\u0159ez\u00e1ny na \u0161rot, n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly vyu\u017eity men\u0161\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi pro organizaci komunikace; n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u017e Wardenclyffe<\/h1>\n

\nNikola Tesla byl g\u00e9nius, a ur\u010dit\u011b nedocen\u011bn\u00fd. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v tom hr\u00e1la roli tak\u00e9 \u0161petka \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1, kdyby jej nezhatili investo\u0159i, mohl bych se do historie zapsat jako \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil \u017eivot cel\u00e9ho lidstva. Ale nyn\u00ed o tom m\u016f\u017eeme jen spekulovat.<\/p>\n

V roce 1901 Tesla zah\u00e1jil v\u00fdstavbu v\u011b\u017ee Wardenclyffe, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1klad pro transatlantickou komunika\u010dn\u00ed linku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 cht\u011bl Tesla dok\u00e1zat principieln\u00ed mo\u017enost bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu elekt\u0159iny \u2014 vyn\u00e1lezce snil o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro p\u0159enos elekt\u0159iny, r\u00e1dio a r\u00e1diov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel, jeho ambice se st\u0159et\u00e1valy s obchodn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy jeho vlastn\u00edch investor\u016f, a proto mu jednodu\u0161e p\u0159estali poskytovat pen\u00edze na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu, kter\u00fd bylo nutno ukon\u010dit v roce 1905.<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u017e byla postavena vedle Tesla laborato\u0159e:<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nBohu\u017eel, d\u00edlo g\u00e9nia se nedochovalo do na\u0161ich dn\u016f \u2014 v\u011b\u017e byla zdemolov\u00e1na v roce 1917.<\/p>\n

T\u0159\u00edroh\u00fd obr<\/h1>\n

\nA tato v\u011b\u017e \u017eije a prosperuje, aktivn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek. Konstrukce vysok\u00e1 298 metr\u016f byla postavena na kopci v San Francisku. Byla dokon\u010dena v roce 1973 a dodnes se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro televizn\u00ed a rozhlasov\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Do roku 2017 byla v\u011b\u017e Sutro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed architektonickou stavbou ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nPo kliknut\u00ed na tento obr\u00e1zek se otev\u0159e fotografi\u00ed v pln\u00e9 velikosti:<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex>
\nV\u00fdhled na San Francisco z v\u011b\u017ee:<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n<\/p>\n

Na m\u011bl\u010din\u011b<\/h1>\n

\nKdysi vybudovali americk\u00e9 vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00edly v Mexick\u00e9m z\u00e1livu n\u011bkolik r\u00e1diov\u00fdch rel\u00e9ov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\nP\u0159\u00edmo na dn\u011b, na m\u011bl\u010din\u011b, byly na betonov\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech instalov\u00e1ny ocelov\u00e9 trojno\u017eky, a nad vodou se ty\u010d\u00ed \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9 sto\u017e\u00e1ry ant\u00e9n s technick\u00fdmi plo\u0161inami, na kter\u00fdch se vejde mal\u00fd domek. Velmi neobvykl\u00fd pohled \u2014 vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed elegantn\u00ed sto\u017e\u00e1r uprost\u0159ed mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\nJak to obvykle b\u00fdv\u00e1, rozvoj komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed u\u010dinil v\u011b\u017ee zbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi, a dnes voj\u00e1ci nev\u011bd\u00ed, co s nimi d\u011blat: zda je pok\u00e1cet, potopit, nebo je nechat tak, jak jsou. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee b\u011bhem let se ant\u00e9ny p\u0159etvo\u0159ily na jak\u00e9si um\u011bl\u00e9 \u00fatesy se sv\u00fdmi mal\u00fdmi ekosyst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 si obl\u00edbili milovn\u00edci mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho rybolovu a pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed dokonce podali petici, aby nebyly zni\u010deny.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n\"Optick\u00fd
\n\"Optick\u00fd<\/p>\n

Do r\u00e1dia<\/h1>\n

\nA na z\u00e1v\u011br na\u0161eho v\u00fdb\u011bru bychom cht\u011bli hovo\u0159it o vyn\u00e1lezu dvou Francouz\u016f, brat\u0159\u00ed Chapp. V roce 1792 p\u0159edvedli takzvan\u00fd \u201esemaf\u00f3r\u201c \u2014 malou v\u011b\u017e s rotuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dnou ty\u010d\u00ed, na jej\u00edch\u017e konc\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 rotuj\u00edc\u00ed desky. Brat\u0159i Chapp navrhli k\u00f3dovat p\u00edsmena a \u010d\u00edsla abecedy pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch poloh ty\u010de a desek.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\n
\nDesky a ty\u010d bylo nutn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010det ru\u010dn\u011b. Dnes to vypad\u00e1 velmi pomalu a nepohodln\u011b, nav\u00edc m\u011bla tato soustava v\u00e1\u017enou nev\u00fdhodu: zcela a \u00fapln\u011b z\u00e1visela na po\u010das\u00ed a denn\u00ed dob\u011b. Ale na konci 18. stolet\u00ed se jednalo o \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd pr\u016flom \u2014 mezi m\u011bsty bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vat kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzce v\u011b\u017e\u00ed asi za 20 minut.<\/p>\n

\"Optick\u00fd
\nU\u017e v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed byly v\u0161echny typy optick\u00fdch telegraf\u016f \u2014 v\u010detn\u011b variant vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u011bteln\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly \u2014 vytla\u010deny telegrafem elektrick\u00fdm, dr\u00e1tov\u00fdm. A na n\u011bkter\u00fdch pam\u00e1tk\u00e1ch architektury se dodnes zachovaly v\u011b\u017ei\u010dky, na kter\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edve st\u00e1ly semaforov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na st\u0159e\u0161e Zimn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Optick\u00fd telegraf, mikrovlnn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 a v\u011b\u017e Tesly: neobvykl\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee | ProHoster","description":"V\u0161ichni jsme si na to 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