{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"\u017div\u00e1 distribuce Knoppix po 4 letech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtla systemd.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Po \u010dty\u0159ech letech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed systemd odstranil distros zalo\u017een\u00fd na Debianu, Knoppix, sporn\u00fd syst\u00e9m inicializace.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tuto ned\u011bli (18. srpna *<\/b>) vy\u0161la verze 8.6 popul\u00e1rn\u00edho linuxov\u00e9ho distribuce Knoppix zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na Debianu. Z\u00e1kladem vyd\u00e1n\u00ed je verze Debian 10 (Buster), kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la 9. \u010dervence, s \u0159adou bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f z v\u011btv\u00ed testing a unstable pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podpory nov\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch karet. Knoppix je jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch live-CD linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed a dodnes si u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 velk\u00e9 obliby mezi nad\u0161enci.<\/p>\n

Release of Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 the first public version of the distribution that has abandoned systemd, the initialization system developed by Lennart Poettering from Red Hat, intended to replace sysvinit. While the adaptation of systemd has been a source of controversy and criticism, systemd is currently the default choice in the mainstream. It is used in the upstream Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS, and Fedora; openSUSE and SLES, as well as in Mageia and Arch.<\/p>\n

Dissatisfaction with systemd mainly relates to the excess of functions that the subsystem takes on, as the project does not align with the core Unix philosophy of 'do one thing and do it well.' Other aspects, such as logs in binary form (as opposed to human-readable text logs), also attract criticism.<\/p>\n

Technicky prvn\u00ed verz\u00ed Knoppix, kter\u00e1 odstranila systemd, byla 8.5; ale tato verze byla distribuov\u00e1na exkluzivn\u011b s ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi verzemi \u010dasopisu Linux Magazine Germany, d\u0159\u00edve letos, a nebyla dostupn\u00e1 pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed. Tvorce Knoppixu Klaus Knopper stru\u010dn\u011b napsal o rozhodnut\u00ed odstranit systemd v t\u00e9to verzi (p\u0159eklad z n\u011bm\u010diny, odkazy p\u0159id\u00e1ny pro kontext):<\/p>\n

\u2018The still controversial startup systemd, which jen ned\u00e1vno vyvolal pobou\u0159en\u00ed kv\u016fli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm zranitelnostem<\/a>, byl integrov\u00e1n do Debiana od verze 8.0 (Jessie), a byl odstran\u011bn od vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Knoppix 8.5. Ob\u0161el jsem rigidn\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edm syst\u00e9mu sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi bal\u00ed\u010dky (opravy) *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

To maintain systemd-like session management, and thus preserve the ability to shut down and restart the system by a regular user, I used the elogind session manager. This allowed avoiding systemd's interference with many system components and reduced overall system complexity. If you need to run your own services at startup, you do not need to create any systemd units, just list your services in the text file \/etc\/rc.local, which contains examples with explanations.\u2019<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Knoppix used systemd from 2014 to 2019, becoming the second in a very short list of distributions that integrated and then abandoned systemd \u2014 Void Linux being the first on this list. Also, in 2016, a fork of Debian, Devuan, was created around the systemd-free philosophy. (There is a similar Arch Linux fork, Artix, which uses openRC. *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Knoppix also comes with a system for people with disabilities, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), which is 'a system of a talking menu, aimed at facilitating work and internet access for computer novices, even if they do not have visual contact with the computer screen,' optionally includes a screen magnifier system based on Compiz.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 translator's note<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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