{"id":37670,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","slug":"kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","title":{"rendered":"Kdo zav\u00e1d\u00ed IPv6 a co br\u00e1n\u00ed jeho rozvoji","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Minul\u00fd \u010das <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">mluvili jsme<\/a><\/noindex> o vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed IPv4 \u2014 o tom, kdo vlastn\u00ed malou \u010d\u00e1st zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch adres a pro\u010d k tomu do\u0161lo. Dnes diskutujeme o alternativ\u011b \u2014 protokolu IPv6 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch jeho pomal\u00e9ho zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u2014 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee za to m\u016f\u017ee vysok\u00e1 cena migrace, jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee technologie je ji\u017e zastaral\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kdo zav\u00e1d\u00ed IPv6 a co br\u00e1n\u00ed jeho rozvoji\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/32ccbfa7a25b0f6667f2636cdfc98a61.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ CC BY-SA \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/greenoid\/47953666962\/\">Frerk Meyer<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Kdo zav\u00e1d\u00ed IPv6<\/h2>\n<p>\nIPv6 existuje u\u017e od poloviny devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let \u2014 tehdy se objevily prvn\u00ed RFC popisuj\u00edc\u00ed mechanismy jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc1883\">RFC 1883<\/a><\/noindex>). Po mnoho let byl protokol vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n a testov\u00e1n, a\u017e v roce 2012 prob\u011bhla <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldipv6launch.org\/\">Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed IPv6<\/a><\/noindex> a za\u010dali jej pou\u017e\u00edvat velc\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 \u2014 mezi prvn\u00edmi byli AT&amp;T, Comcast, Internode a XS4ALL.<\/p>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji se k nim p\u0159ipojily dal\u0161\u00ed IT spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad Facebook. Dnes v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina u\u017eivatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b z USA <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.fb.com\/connectivity\/how-ipv6-deployment-is-growing-in-u-s-and-other-countries\/\">pracuj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00e1 \u0161estou verzi protokolu. IPv6 provoz stabiln\u011b roste i v asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch \u2014 Vietnamu a Tchai-wanu.<\/p>\n<p>Podporou IPv6 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni \u2014 v OSN. Jedna z agentur organizace loni p\u0159edstavila <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/regmedia.co.uk\/2018\/05\/30\/itu-ipv6-may18.pdf\">pl\u00e1n p\u0159echodu na \u0161estou verzi protokolu<\/a><\/noindex>. Jeho auto\u0159i navrhli model migrace na IPv6 a poskytli doporu\u010den\u00ed k pr\u00e1ci s prefixy pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady a soukrom\u00e9 firmy.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Materi\u00e1ly z na\u0161eho blogu na Habru:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">Retrospektiva: jak doch\u00e1zelo k vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed adres IPv4<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462359\/\">Dat \u2014 co je to za protokol a kdo jej pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461431\/\">\u201eMiluje a nemiluje\u201c: DNS over HTTPS<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNa za\u010d\u00e1tku roku Cisco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">publikovali zpr\u00e1vu<\/a><\/noindex>, ve kter\u00e9 uvedli, \u017ee do roku 2022 se IPv6 provoz zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2019 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">obr\u00e1zek 9<\/a><\/noindex>). Navzdory aktivn\u00ed podpo\u0159e \u0161est\u00e9 verze protokolu v\u0161ak vypad\u00e1 takov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ud\u00e1lost\u00ed m\u00e1lo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b. IPv6 se po sv\u011bt\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje velmi pomalu \u2014 k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni ji podporuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/w3techs.com\/technologies\/details\/ce-ipv6\/all\/all\">o n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e 14%<\/a><\/noindex> web\u016f. A to m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n<h2>Co brzd\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\nZa prv\u00e9, <b>technick\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti<\/b>. Pro p\u0159echod na IPv6 je \u010dasto nutn\u00e9 aktualizovat hardware a prov\u00e9st jeho konfiguraci. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 IT infrastruktury m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento \u00fakol komplikovan\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost her SIE Worldwide Studios se sna\u017eila p\u0159ej\u00edt na \u0161estou verzi protokolu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/thuktun.wordpress.com\/2018\/01\/16\/why-i-killed-our-ipv6-project\/\">cel\u00fdch sedm let<\/a><\/noindex>. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159ehodnocovali architekturu s\u00edt\u011b, zbavovali se NAT a optimalizovali pravidla firewall\u016f. Ale pln\u011b migrovat na IPv6 se jim nakonec nepoda\u0159ilo. Nakonec se t\u00fdm rozhodl od t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky odstoupit a projekt zru\u0161il.<\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, <b>vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na p\u0159echod<\/b>. Ano, v oboru lze naj\u00edt p\u0159\u00edklady, kdy p\u0159echod na IPv6 umo\u017enil firm\u011b u\u0161et\u0159it pen\u00edze. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden z velk\u00fdch australsk\u00fdch internetov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/09\/04\/aussie_broadband_ipv6\/\">vypo\u010d\u00edtal<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee migrace na IPv6 bude levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1kup dodate\u010dn\u00fdch IPv4 adres. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude nutn\u00e9 investovat do n\u00e1kupu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159e\u0161kolen\u00ed person\u00e1lu a uzav\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch smluv s u\u017eivateli.<\/p>\n<p>V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku migrace na protokol nov\u00e9 generace pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. Proto, jak <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itpro.co.uk\/internet-protocol-version-6-ipv6\/30657\/whatever-happened-to-ipv6\">\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr jedn\u00e9ho z britsk\u00fdch internetov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f, dokud v\u0161echno bude hladce fungovat na IPv4, k p\u0159echodu na IPv6 ur\u010dit\u011b nedojde.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kdo zav\u00e1d\u00ed IPv6 a co br\u00e1n\u00ed jeho rozvoji\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2fdd9626cdac45eec3066feddf9589e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/dJdcb11aboQ\">John Matychuk<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 odborn\u00edci poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee v uplynul\u00fdch deseti letech byla \u0161est\u00e1 verze protokolu <b>u\u017e \"zastaral\u00e1\"<\/b>. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z Rutgersk\u00e9 univerzity <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1809.07836.pdf\">ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee IPv6 (stejn\u011b jako jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce) nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vhodn\u00fd pro pr\u00e1ci v mobiln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Kdy\u017e se u\u017eivatel p\u0159esune z jednoho p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu na druh\u00fd, za p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladnov\u00fdch stanic odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \"star\u00e9\" handover mechanismy. V budoucnosti, kdy v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzroste po\u010det IP adres a mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee tato vlastnost v\u00e9st k zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159i p\u0159ipojov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 zpomaluj\u00ed p\u0159echod na IPv6, odborn\u00edci uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed <b>marginaln\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdkonu<\/b> nov\u00e9ho protokolu. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00ed se v zem\u00edch Asijsko-Tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho regionu pakety pomoc\u00ed IPv4 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e pomoc\u00ed IPv6 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320459831_A_Case_Study_of_IPv6_Network_Performance_Packet_Delay_Loss_and_Reordering\">str.2<\/a><\/noindex>). V Africe nebo Latinsk\u00e9 Americe neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v rychlosti p\u0159enosu dat.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak\u00e9 jsou vyhl\u00eddky<\/h2>\n<p>\nNavzdory v\u0161em obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee IPv6 \u010dek\u00e1 \"sv\u011btl\u00e1 budoucnost\". Podle n\u00e1zoru jednoho z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f protokolu TCP\/IP - Vintona Cerfa, popularita IPv6 skute\u010dn\u011b roste p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomalu, ale pro protokol je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed v\u0161echno ztraceno.<\/p>\n<p>S t\u00edmto n\u00e1zorem souhlas\u00ed i John Curran, prezident americk\u00e9ho registr\u00e1tora ARIN. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Can-we-say-IPv6-is-a-failure\/answer\/John-Curran-20\">\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee nedostatek IPv4 poc\u00edtili jen velc\u00ed internetov\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9. Mal\u00e9 firmy a b\u011b\u017en\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 zat\u00edm probl\u00e9my nezaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee tedy vznikat myln\u00fd dojem, \u017ee \u0161est\u00e1 verze protokolu \u201ezem\u0159ela\u201c. A u\u017e v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti (pokud v\u011b\u0159\u00edme p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm Cisco) by se m\u011bl IPv6 za\u010d\u00edt rychleji \u0161\u00ed\u0159it po planet\u011b.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>O \u010dem p\u00ed\u0161eme na firemn\u00edm blogu VAS Experts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/seti\/vnedrenie-ipv6-faq-dlya-internet-provajderov\/\">Implementace IPv6 \u2013 FAQ pro internetov\u00e9 poskytovatele<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/ekonomiya-na-spichkax-i-neskolko-sposobov-vystrelit-sebe-v-nogu-kriticheskie-oshibki-v-stroitelstve-setej-operatorov-svyazi\/\">\u201e\u00daspora na z\u00e1palk\u00e1ch\u201c: kritick\u00e9 chyby ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b s\u00edt\u00ed oper\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/protokol-ipv6-ot-teorii-k-praktike\/\">Protokol IPv6 \u2013 od teorie k praxi<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/ipv6-texnologiya-nastoyashhego-ili-budushhego\/\">IPv6 \u2014 technologie sou\u010dasnosti nebo budoucnosti<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 IPv4 \u2014 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b IPv6 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e 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