{"id":37728,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:22","slug":"konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam","title":{"rendered":"Soukrom\u00e9 \u201ecloudov\u00e9\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Hled\u00e1me alternativu k otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jsem in\u017een\u00fdr vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm, ale v\u00edce komunikuji s podnikateli a \u0159editeli v\u00fdroby. P\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm \u010dasem se na radu obr\u00e1til majitel pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. I kdy\u017e je podnik velk\u00fd a byl zalo\u017een v 90. letech, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed funguj\u00ed starom\u00f3dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem v lok\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti.<\/p>\n<p>To je d\u016fsledkem obav o vlastn\u00ed podnik a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho dohledu ze strany st\u00e1tu. Z\u00e1kony a normy mohou b\u00fdt kontroln\u00edmi org\u00e1ny vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny velmi \u0161iroce. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st zm\u011bny v da\u0148ov\u00e9m kodexu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vedomosti.ru\/politics\/articles\/2019\/06\/05\/803495-verhovnii-sud\">kter\u00e9 ru\u0161\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed lh\u016fty<\/a><\/noindex> u da\u0148ov\u00fdch poru\u0161en\u00ed, faktick\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finanz.ru\/novosti\/aktsii\/sledkom-predlozhil-uprazdnit-bankovskuyu-taynu-v-rossii-1028355298\">bankovn\u00edho a auditorsk\u00e9ho tajemstv\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho majitel podniku za\u010dal hledat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro spolehliv\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159enos dokument\u016f. Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201etrezor\u201c.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00dakol jsme probrali s intern\u00edm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem: pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 je d\u016fkladn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch platforem.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Slu\u017eba by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt cloudov\u00e1 v klasick\u00e9m smyslu slova, t.j. bez ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch t\u0159et\u00ed strany. Pouze vlastn\u00ed server;<\/li>\n<li>je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no spolehliv\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch a uchov\u00e1van\u00fdch dat;<\/li>\n<li>je povinn\u00e1 mo\u017enost okam\u017eit\u00e9ho smaz\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu z jak\u00e9hokoliv za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stisknut\u00edm jednoho tla\u010d\u00edtka;<\/li>\n<li>\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je vyvinuto v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010ctvrt\u00fd bod jsem navrhoval odstranit, proto\u017ee rusk\u00e9 aplikace maj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty. \u0158editel jasn\u011b \u0159ekl, co d\u011blat s takov\u00fdmi certifik\u00e1ty. <\/p>\n<h3>Vybereme varianty<\/h3>\n<p>\nVybral jsem t\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (\u010d\u00edm v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce pochybnost\u00ed):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open Source \u2014 projekt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/syncthing.net\/\">Syncthing.net <\/a><\/noindex>, podporovan\u00fd nad\u0161encem a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159em Jacobem Borgem.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.resilio.com\/\">Resilio.com<\/a><\/noindex>, spravovan\u00e9 americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Resilio Inc. (d\u0159\u00edve byl tento servis zn\u00e1m jako BitTorrent Sync).\n<\/li>\n<li>Projekt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/e-safe.pro\/\">Pvtbox Elektronick\u00fd trezor<\/a><\/noindex> od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pvtbox.net\">pvtbox.net<\/a><\/noindex> aplikace pro synchronizaci. Registrace na Kypru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Majitel spole\u010dnosti se slabo vyzn\u00e1 v technick\u00fdch detailech, tak\u017ee jsem zpr\u00e1vu sestavil ve form\u011b seznamu pro a proti ka\u017ed\u00e9 variant\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011bry anal\u00fdzy<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Syncthing <\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00fdhody<\/b>: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open source;<\/li>\n<li>Aktivita hlavn\u00edho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e; <\/li>\n<li>Projekt existuje velmi dlouho; <\/li>\n<li>Zdarma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Nev\u00fdhody: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nen\u00ed klient pro shell iOS; <\/li>\n<li>Pomal\u00e9 Turn servery (jsou zdarma, proto zpomaluj\u00ed). Pro ty, kdo<br \/>\nnev\u00ed, Turn se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ipojit se p\u0159\u00edmo;<\/li>\n<li>Slo\u017eit\u00e1 konfigurace rozhran\u00ed (vy\u017eaduje dlouholetou zku\u0161enost s programov\u00e1n\u00edm);<\/li>\n<li>Nedostatek rychl\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed podpory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Resilio <\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Plusy: <\/b>podpora v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 Turn servery.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Nev\u00fdhody: <\/b>Jeden a velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u2013 \u00fapln\u00e9 ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed ze strany z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 podpory. Nulov\u00e1 reakce, ani kdy\u017e se p\u00ed\u0161e z r\u016fzn\u00fdch adres. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Pvtbox<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Plusy: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Podpora v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed; <\/li>\n<li>Rychl\u00e9 Turn servery; <\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost st\u00e1hnout soubor bez instalace aplikace; <\/li>\n<li>P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 z\u00e1kaznick\u00e1 podpora, v\u010detn\u011b telefonick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Nev\u00fdhody<\/b>: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mlad\u00fd projekt (m\u00e1lo recenz\u00ed a dobr\u00fdch hodnocen\u00ed);<\/li>\n<li>Velmi \u201atechnick\u00fd\u2018, ne v\u017edy srozumiteln\u00fd rozhran\u00ed webu;<\/li>\n<li>Chyb\u00ed podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace, u mnoha ot\u00e1zek je t\u0159eba kontaktovat podporu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Co si vybral z\u00e1kazn\u00edk<\/h3>\n<p>\nJeho prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: jak\u00fd je smysl vyv\u00edjet n\u011bco zdarma? Od Syncthing se hned vzdali. Argumenty nefungovaly. <\/p>\n<p>Po p\u00e1r dnech z\u00e1kazn\u00edk kategoricky odm\u00edtl Resilio Sync pro nedostatek podpory, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, na koho se obr\u00e1tit v nestandardn\u00ed situaci. Nav\u00edc ned\u016fv\u011bra k americk\u00e9 registraci spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pro dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu z\u016fstal Pvtbox Elektronick\u00fd trezor. Provedli jsme kompletn\u00ed technick\u00fd audit t\u00e9to platformy se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mo\u017enost odposlechu, de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho proniknut\u00ed do informa\u010dn\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Proces auditu<\/h3>\n<p>\nProvedli jsme anal\u00fdzu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed programu, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu jeho \u010dinnosti a v klidov\u00e9m stavu. Provoz podle modern\u00edch standard\u016f byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161ifrovan\u00fd. Pokus\u00edme se prov\u00e9st MITM \u00fatok a zm\u011bnit certifik\u00e1t \u201eza b\u011bhu\u201c pomoc\u00ed <i>Linux (Xubuntu Linux 18.04), Wireshark<\/i>, <i>Mitmproxy<\/i>. K tomu zavedeme prost\u0159edn\u00edka mezi aplikac\u00ed Pvtbox a serverem pvtbox.net (existuje v\u00fdm\u011bna dat se serverem pvtbox.net prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm https p\u0159ipojen\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Spou\u0161t\u00edme aplikaci, abychom se ujistili, \u017ee program a synchronizace soubor\u016f v n\u011bm funguj\u00ed. V Linuxu lze ihned sledovat logy, pokud spust\u00edte program z termin\u00e1lu.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Soukrom\u00e9 \u201ecloudov\u00e9\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Hled\u00e1me alternativu k otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/8e19ec533544a6f138c3f16308e02888.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVyp\u00edn\u00e1me aplikaci a m\u011bn\u00edme adresu hostitele pvtbox.net v souboru <i>\/etc\/hosts <\/i>s pr\u00e1vy superu\u017eivatele. Adresu m\u011bn\u00edme na adresu na\u0161eho proxy serveru.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Soukrom\u00e9 \u201ecloudov\u00e9\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Hled\u00e1me alternativu k otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/f6befbf010686270c48656e15213f521.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNyn\u00ed p\u0159iprav\u00edme n\u00e1\u0161 proxy server pro MITM \u00fatok na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di s adresou 192.168.1.64 v na\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti. K tomu nainstalujeme bal\u00ed\u010dek mitmproxy verze 4.0.4.<\/p>\n<p>Spou\u0161t\u00edme proxy server na portu 443:<br \/>\n<i>$ sudo mitmproxy -p 443<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Spou\u0161t\u00edme na prvn\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010di program Pvtbox, sledujeme v\u00fdstup mitmproxy a logy aplikace.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Soukrom\u00e9 \u201ecloudov\u00e9\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Hled\u00e1me alternativu k otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cd7f53fc76349fdf18f65c75c555bc52.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>Mitmproxy <\/i>oznamuje, \u017ee klient ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje podvr\u017een\u00e9mu certifik\u00e1tu od proxy serveru. V log\u00e1ch aplikace tak\u00e9 vid\u00edme, \u017ee certifik\u00e1t proxy serveru neproch\u00e1z\u00ed kontrolou a program odm\u00edt\u00e1 pracovat.<\/p>\n<p>Instalujeme certifik\u00e1t proxy serveru <i>mitmproxy <\/i>na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s aplikac\u00ed Pvtbox, aby se certifik\u00e1t stal \u201ed\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm\u201c. Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nainstalujeme bal\u00ed\u010dek ca-certificates. Pot\u00e9 zkop\u00edrujeme certifik\u00e1t mitmproxy-ca-cert.pem z adres\u00e1\u0159e .mitmproxy proxy serveru na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s aplikac\u00ed Pvtbox do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/usr\/local\/share\/ca-certificates. <\/p>\n<p>Prov\u00e1d\u00edme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy:<br \/>\n<i>$ sudo openssl x509 -in mitmproxy-ca-cert.pem -inform PEM -out mitmproxy-ca-cert.crt<\/i><br \/>\n<i>$ sudo update-ca-certificates<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Soukrom\u00e9 \u201ecloudov\u00e9\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Hled\u00e1me alternativu k otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/8f30b4cebb483ad54869993e225d7c90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSpou\u0161t\u00edme aplikaci Pvtbox. Certifik\u00e1t op\u011bt nepro\u0161el kontrolou, program odm\u00edt\u00e1 pracovat. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b aplikace pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ochrann\u00fd mechanismus <i>Certificate pinning<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00fd \u00fatok byl proveden na host <i>signalserver.pvtbox.net, <\/i>a tak\u00e9 na samotn\u00e9 peer-to-peer spojen\u00ed mezi uzly. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee aplikace pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed peer-to-peer spojen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00fd protokol webrtc, ve kter\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 end-to-end \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed podle protokolu <i>DTLSv1.2.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010de se generuj\u00ed p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed se \u0161ifrovan\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem p\u0159es <i>signalserver.pvtbox.net.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Teoreticky by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit nab\u00eddky a odpov\u011bdi webrtc, podvrhnout tam \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de a m\u00edt mo\u017enost de\u0161ifrovat v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159es webrtc. Ale prov\u00e9st mitm \u00fatok na signalserver.pvtbox.net se nepoda\u0159ilo, a proto nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit a podvrhnout zpr\u00e1vy odes\u00edlan\u00e9 p\u0159es signalserver.pvtbox.net.<\/p>\n<p>Proto nen\u00ed provediteln\u00fd tento \u00fatok na peer-to-peer spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Byl tak\u00e9 nalezen soubor se certifik\u00e1ty dod\u00e1van\u00fd s programem. Soubor se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na cest\u011b \/opt\/pvtbox\/certifi\/cacert.pem. Tento soubor byl nahrazen souborem, kter\u00fd obsahuje d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd certifik\u00e1t od na\u0161eho proxy serveru mitmproxy. V\u00fdsledky se nezm\u011bnily \u2014 program odm\u00edtal p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k syst\u00e9mu, v logu byla stejn\u00e1 chyba,<br \/>\n\u017ee certifik\u00e1t neproch\u00e1z\u00ed kontrolou.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011bry auditu<\/h3>\n<p>\nPoda\u0159ilo se mi nezachytit ani podvrhnout provoz. Jm\u00e9na soubor\u016f, a t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e jejich obsah, se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed za\u0161ifrovan\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se koncov\u00e9 end-to-end \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed. V aplikaci je implementov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik ochrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed odposlouch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vniknut\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost si zakoupila dva dedikovan\u00e9 servery (fyzicky na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech) pro trval\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm. Prvn\u00ed server slou\u017e\u00ed k p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, druh\u00fd pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>K z\u00edskan\u00e9mu jednotliv\u00e9mu cloudu byly p\u0159ipojeny pracovn\u00ed termin\u00e1l \u0159editele a mobiln\u00ed telefon na iOS. Ostatn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance p\u0159ipojil intern\u00ed IT administr\u00e1tor a technick\u00e1 podpora Pvtbox. <\/p>\n<p>Od zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jsem v uplynul\u00e9m \u010dase nedostal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti. 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