{"id":37745,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:28","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/balansirovka-nagruzki-v-openstack-chast-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:28","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:28","slug":"balansirovka-nagruzki-v-openstack-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/balansirovka-nagruzki-v-openstack-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v Openstack (\u010c\u00e1st 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/rostelecom\/blog\/461483\/\">p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex> Informovali jsme o pokusech vyu\u017e\u00edvat Watcher a p\u0159edstavili jsme zpr\u00e1vu o testech. Tyto testy ob\u010das prov\u00e1d\u00edme pro vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed kritick\u00e9 funkce velk\u00e9ho podnikov\u00e9ho nebo oper\u00e1torsk\u00e9ho cloudu.<\/p>\n<p>Vysok\u00e1 slo\u017eitost \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho \u00fakolu si m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017e\u00e1dat n\u011bkolik \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f k popisu na\u0161eho projektu. Dnes publikujeme druh\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek cyklu, v\u011bnovan\u00fd vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f v cloudu. <\/p>\n<h3>Trochu terminologie<\/h3>\n<p>\nSpole\u010dnost VmWare zavedla n\u00e1stroj DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler) pro vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v jejich navr\u017een\u00e9m a nab\u00edzen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed virtualizace. <\/p>\n<p>Jak p\u00ed\u0161e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/searchvmware.techtarget.com\/definition\/VMware-DRS\">searchvmware.techtarget.com\/definition\/VMware-DRS<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\u201eVMware DRS (Pl\u00e1nova\u010d distribuovan\u00fdch zdroj\u016f) je n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd vyva\u017euje v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee s dostupn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. N\u00e1stroj je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku virtualizace nazvan\u00e9ho VMware Infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed VMware DRS u\u017eivatel\u00e9 definuj\u00ed pravidla pro rozd\u011blen\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f mezi virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi stroji (VM). N\u00e1stroj m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nastaven na manu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo automatick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Skupiny zdroj\u016f VMware lze snadno p\u0159id\u00e1vat, odstra\u0148ovat nebo reorganizovat. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt skupiny zdroj\u016f izolov\u00e1ny mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi jednotkami. Pokud se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na jednom nebo v\u00edce virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u00edch n\u00e1hle zm\u011bn\u00ed, VMware DRS p\u0159evezme virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje mezi fyzick\u00fdmi servery. Pokud celkov\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e kles\u00e1, n\u011bkter\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 servery mohou b\u00fdt do\u010dasn\u011b vypnuty a z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e konsolidov\u00e1na.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d je pot\u0159eba vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPodle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru je DRS nezbytnou funkc\u00ed cloudu, co\u017e v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee DRS mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no v\u017edy a v\u0161ude. V z\u00e1vislosti na ur\u010den\u00ed a pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch cloudu mohou existovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na DRS a metody vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee existovat situace, kdy vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u016fbec pot\u0159eba. Nebo dokonce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Aby bylo l\u00e9pe pochopeno, kde a pro jak\u00e9 klienty je DRS pot\u0159eba, pod\u00edvejme se na jejich c\u00edle a \u00fakoly. Cloudu lze rozd\u011blit na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a soukrom\u00e9. Zde jsou hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi t\u011bmito cloudy a c\u00edli klient\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Soukrom\u00e9 cloudy \/ Velk\u00e9 podnikov\u00e9 klienty<br \/>\nVe\u0159ejn\u00e9 cloudy \/ St\u0159edn\u00ed a mal\u00e9 podniky, lid\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed krit\u00e9rium a c\u00edle oper\u00e1tora<br \/>\nPoskytov\u00e1n\u00ed spolehliv\u00fdch slu\u017eeb nebo produkt\u016f<br \/>\nSn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na slu\u017eby ve konkurenceschopn\u00e9m trhu<\/p>\n<p>Po\u017eadavky na slu\u017ebu<br \/>\nSpolehlivost na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch a ve v\u0161ech prvc\u00edch syst\u00e9mu<\/p>\n<p>Zaru\u010den\u00fd v\u00fdkon<\/p>\n<p>Prioritizace virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f do n\u011bkolika kategori\u00ed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Informa\u010dn\u00ed a fyzick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost dat<\/p>\n<p>SLA a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 podpora<br \/>\nMaxim\u00e1ln\u00ed jednoduchost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby<\/p>\n<p>Relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011bdnost za data le\u017e\u00ed na klientovi<\/p>\n<p>Prioritizace VM nen\u00ed po\u017eadov\u00e1na<\/p>\n<p>Informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost na \u00farovni standardn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, odpov\u011bdnost na klientovi<\/p>\n<p>Mohou nastat v\u00fdpadky<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 SLA, kvalita nen\u00ed zaru\u010dena<\/p>\n<p>Podpora e-mailem<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed povinn\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Specifika klienta<br \/>\nVelmi \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Legacy aplikace, zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Slo\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 architektura pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta.<\/p>\n<p>Affinity pravidla.<\/p>\n<p>Fungov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v re\u017eimu 7x24.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed \"za chodu\".<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 cyklick\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e klienta.<br \/>\nStandardn\u00ed aplikace \u2013 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, Apache, WEB, VPN, SQL<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace mohou b\u00fdt zastaveny na ur\u010ditou dobu<\/p>\n<p>Povoleno libovoln\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed VM v cloudu<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 klientem<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 statisticky pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e p\u0159i velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu klient\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fsledky pro architekturu<br \/>\nGeoklastr<\/p>\n<p>Centralizovan\u00e9 nebo distribuovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat<\/p>\n<p>Rezervovan\u00e9 SD<br \/>\nM\u00edstn\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch uzlech<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edle vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<br \/>\nRovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed reak\u010dn\u00ed schopnost aplikac\u00ed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 nutnosti<\/p>\n<p>Vypnut\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017ebu<br \/>\nSn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na slu\u017ebu a n\u00e1klad\u016f oper\u00e1tora\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Vypnut\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zdroj\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/p>\n<p>\u00daspora elektrick\u00e9 energie<\/p>\n<p>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na person\u00e1l<\/p>\n<h3> D\u011bl\u00e1me si n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry:<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Pro priv\u00e1tn\u00ed cloudy<\/b>, poskytovan\u00e9 velk\u00fdm korpor\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt DRS pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n s ohledem na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a zohledn\u011bn\u00ed affinity pravidel p\u0159i vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rezervn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hav\u00e1rie;<\/li>\n<li>data virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na centralizovan\u00e9m nebo distribuovan\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti.<\/li>\n<li>rozlo\u017een\u00ed administrativn\u00edch, z\u00e1lohovac\u00edch a vyva\u017eovac\u00edch procedur v \u010dase;<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze uvnit\u0159 aglomerace hostitel\u016f klienta;<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze p\u0159i siln\u00e9m nerovnov\u00e1ze, nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed migrace VM (proto\u017ee migrace m\u016f\u017ee skon\u010dit ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b);<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vzhledem k \u201eklidn\u00fdm\u201c virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroj\u016fm (migrace \u201eru\u0161n\u00fdch\u201c virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee trvat velmi dlouho);<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed s ohledem na \u201en\u00e1klady\u201c \u2014 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a s\u00ed\u0165 (p\u0159i p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch architektur\u00e1ch pro velk\u00e9 klienty);<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed s ohledem na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 VM;<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u011b b\u011bhem nepracovn\u00edho \u010dasu (v noci, o v\u00edkendech, b\u011bhem sv\u00e1tk\u016f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 cloudy<\/b>, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed slu\u017eby mal\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt DRS aplikov\u00e1no mnohem \u010dast\u011bji, s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>absence omezen\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a pravidel afinity; <\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci cloudu;<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kdykoliv rozumn\u011b;<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9koliv VM; <\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eru\u0161n\u00fdch\u201c virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f (aby neobt\u011b\u017eovaly ostatn\u00ed); <\/li>\n<li>data virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f \u010dasto le\u017e\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00edch disc\u00edch;<\/li>\n<li>zohledn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a s\u00edt\u011b (architektura cloudu je jednotn\u00e1);<\/li>\n<li>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed podle obecn\u00fdch pravidel a dostupn\u00e9 statistiky chov\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch center.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Slo\u017eitost probl\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n<p>\nSlo\u017eitost vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee DRS mus\u00ed pracovat s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch faktor\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f klient\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>algoritmy chov\u00e1n\u00ed server\u016f informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>chov\u00e1n\u00ed server\u016f datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, s\u00edt\u011b; <\/li>\n<li>vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 interakce server\u016f v boji o zdroje cloudu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch server\u016f aplikac\u00ed a datab\u00e1z\u00ed na zdroje cloudu prob\u00edh\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, n\u00e1sledky se mohou projevovat a navz\u00e1jem se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvat s nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm efektem v nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9m \u010dase. I pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch proces\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motoru, syst\u00e9mu vodn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed domu) mus\u00ed syst\u00e9my automatick\u00e9 regulace pou\u017e\u00edvat slo\u017eit\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%98%D0%94-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80\">proporcion\u00e1ln\u011b-integra\u010dn\u011b-diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed <\/a><\/noindex>algoritmy se zp\u011btnou vazbou. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v Openstack (\u010c\u00e1st 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/5270ddb943db9b4921a887e67c4f2a8f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00e1\u0161 \u00fakol je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a existuje riziko, \u017ee syst\u00e9m nebude schopen b\u011bhem rozumn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prov\u00e9st vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee na ust\u00e1len\u00e9 hodnoty, i kdy\u017e nebudou vznikat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy od u\u017eivatel\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v Openstack (\u010c\u00e1st 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/5214b3af233e7c718fd40e6336472903.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Historie na\u0161ich v\u00fdvoj\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nPro vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu jsme se rozhodli neza\u010d\u00ednat od nuly, ale vych\u00e1zet z existuj\u00edc\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, a za\u010dali jsme spolupracovat s odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti v t\u00e9to oblasti. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed problematice se zcela shodovalo. <\/p>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze 1<\/h3>\n<p>\nPou\u017eili jsme syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na technologii neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a pokusili jsme se optimalizovat na\u0161e zdroje na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1jem t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze spo\u010d\u00edval v otestov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie, jej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost pak spo\u010d\u00edvala v aplikaci netradi\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu, kde za jinak stejn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek standardn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy prakticky vy\u010derpaly sv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n<p>Spustili jsme syst\u00e9m a skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1m za\u010dalo vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fungovat. M\u011b\u0159\u00edtko na\u0161eho cloudu n\u00e1m nedovolilo dos\u00e1hnout optimistick\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, jak\u00e9 slibovali v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, ale bylo vid\u011bt, \u017ee vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed funguje. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159itom jsme m\u011bli dost v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aby neuronov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 mohla b\u00fdt vyu\u010dov\u00e1na, je t\u0159eba, aby virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pracovaly bez podstatn\u00fdch zm\u011bn po t\u00fddny nebo m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/li>\n<li>Algoritmus je navr\u017een pro optimalizaci na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \"historick\u00fdch\" dat.<\/li>\n<li>Pro vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b je pot\u0159eba dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd objem dat a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed zdroje. <\/li>\n<li>Optimalizaci a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt relativn\u011b z\u0159\u00eddka \u2013 jednou za n\u011bkolik hodin, co\u017e je zjevn\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e9. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze 2<\/h3>\n<p>\nProto\u017ee n\u00e1s neuspokojovalo st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed postaven\u00ed, rozhodli jsme se syst\u00e9m modifikovat, a proto odpov\u011bd\u011bt na <b>hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku<\/b> \u2013 pro koho to d\u011bl\u00e1me?<\/p>\n<p>Nejprve \u2013 pro firemn\u00ed klienty. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujeme syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pracuje operativn\u011b, s t\u011bmi firemn\u00edmi omezen\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 jen usnad\u0148uj\u00ed realizaci.<\/p>\n<p><b>Druh\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/b> \u2013 co ch\u00e1pat pod slovem \u201eoperativn\u011b\u201c? Po kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch jsme se shodli, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme vych\u00e1zet z doby reakce 5 \u2013 10 minut, aby kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 skoky nezp\u016fsobily, \u017ee se syst\u00e9m dostane do rezonance.<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u0159et\u00ed ot\u00e1zka<\/b> \u2013 jakou velikost vyva\u017eovan\u00e9ho po\u010dtu server\u016f zvolit?<br \/>\nTato ot\u00e1zka se vy\u0159e\u0161ila sama. Obvykle klienti ned\u011blaj\u00ed agreg\u00e1ty server\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9, a to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00edm z \u010dl\u00e1nku o omezen\u00ed agreg\u00e1t\u016f na 30-40 server\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le segmentov\u00e1n\u00edm serverov\u00e9ho poolu zjednodu\u0161ujeme \u00fakol pro vyva\u017eovac\u00ed algoritmus.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u010ctvrt\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/b> \u2013 jak moc n\u00e1m vyhovuje neur\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 s jej\u00edm dlouh\u00fdm procesem u\u010den\u00ed a vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edmi? Rozhodli jsme se od n\u00ed upustit ve prosp\u011bch jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch operativn\u00edch algoritm\u016f, abychom dos\u00e1hli v\u00fdsledk\u016f b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v Openstack (\u010c\u00e1st 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/73fb927b304ca5d61090a5c045568931.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nS popisem syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 takov\u00e9 algoritmy a jeho nedostatk\u016f, se m\u016f\u017eete sezn\u00e1mit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/416391\/\">tady <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Implementovali jsme a spustili tento syst\u00e9m a z\u00edskali povzbudiv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky \u2013 nyn\u00ed pravideln\u011b analyzuje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e cloudu a poskytuje doporu\u010den\u00ed na p\u0159esun virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f, kter\u00e1 jsou v podstat\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e1. U\u017e nyn\u00ed je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme dos\u00e1hnout uvoln\u011bn\u00ed 10-15 % zdroj\u016f pro nov\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje s zlep\u0161en\u00edm kvality pr\u00e1ce existuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/ie\/ky\/wa\/iekywainupnidp_73j55hc1dbnw.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v Openstack (\u010c\u00e1st 2)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/f1f0919ae653dc9b8c78b4d32d839313.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i detekci nerovnov\u00e1hy v RAM nebo CPU syst\u00e9m zas\u00edl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkazy pl\u00e1nova\u010di Tionix k proveden\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 migrace pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f. Jak ukazuje monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj se p\u0159esunul z jednoho (horn\u00edho) na jin\u00fd (doln\u00ed) host a uvolnil pam\u011b\u0165 na horn\u00edm hostu (ozna\u010deno \u017elut\u00fdmi kruhy), \u010d\u00edm\u017e ji obsadil na doln\u00edm (ozna\u010deno b\u00edl\u00fdmi kruhy).<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011bji zhodnotit \u00fa\u010dinnost st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho algoritmu a pokou\u0161\u00edme se v n\u011bm naj\u00edt mo\u017en\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze 3<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa prvn\u00ed pohled by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee na tom m\u016f\u017eeme skon\u010dit, po\u010dkat na prok\u00e1zanou \u00fa\u010dinnost a uzav\u0159\u00edt t\u00e9ma.<br \/>\nAle n\u00e1s k proveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho kola vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e9 mo\u017enosti optimalizace<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Statistika nap\u0159\u00edklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/multi_cpu.html\">tady <\/a><\/noindex>a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/high_end_cpus.html\">tady <\/a><\/noindex>ukazuje, \u017ee dvou- a \u010dty\u0159procesorov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky ne\u017e jednoproc. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ichni u\u017eivatel\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zCPU, RAM, SSD, LAN, FC nakoupen\u00e9 v v\u00edceprocesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech mnohem men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jednoproc. <\/li>\n<li>Sami pl\u00e1nova\u010de zdroj\u016f mohou pracovat s v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi chybami, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ece.ubc.ca\/~sasha\/papers\/eurosys16-final29.pdf\">toto je jeden z \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> na toto t\u00e9ma. <\/li>\n<li>Technologie monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed RAM a cache, nab\u00edzen\u00e9 spole\u010dnostmi Intel a AMD, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zkoumat chov\u00e1n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f a umis\u0165ovat je tak, aby \"hlasit\u00ed\" soused\u00e9 neru\u0161ili \"pokojn\u00e9\" virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje. <\/li>\n<li>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed souboru parametr\u016f (s\u00ed\u0165, \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, priorita virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje, n\u00e1klady na migraci, p\u0159ipravenost na migraci).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Celkem<\/h2>\n<p>\nV\u00fdsledkem na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na vylep\u0161en\u00ed algoritm\u016f vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 algoritmy mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b optimalizovat zdroje (25-30%) datov\u00fdch center a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161it kvalitu slu\u017eeb pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>Algoritmus zalo\u017een\u00fd na neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch je bezesporu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm, av\u0161ak vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, a vzhledem k existuj\u00edc\u00edm omezen\u00edm nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto druhu \u00faloh v objemech charakteristick\u00fdch pro soukrom\u00e9 cloudy. Na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch cloudech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f v\u0161ak algoritmus vyk\u00e1zal dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>Podrobn\u011bji o mo\u017enostech procesor\u016f, pl\u00e1nova\u010d\u016f a vysoce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9ho vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed budeme hovo\u0159it v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/rostelecom\/blog\/465715\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Watcher \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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