{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri \u2014 distribu\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed rychl\u00e9ho spravov\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Michael Stapelberg, autor dla\u017edicov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce oken i3wm a d\u0159\u00edve aktivn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 Debianu (udr\u017eoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 170 bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f), vyv\u00edj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed distribuce distri<\/a><\/noindex> a stejnojmenn\u00fd spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Projekt se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch cest k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu syst\u00e9m\u016f spr\u00e1vy bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f a p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch my\u0161lenek pro konstrukci distribuc\u00ed. K\u00f3d spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f je naps\u00e1n v jazyce Go a distribuov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> na z\u00e1klad\u011b licence BSD.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou vlastnost\u00ed navrhovan\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu bal\u00edk\u016f v distribuci je dod\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00edku ve form\u011b obraz\u016f SquashFS, nam\u00edsto komprimovan\u00fdch tar archiv\u016f. Pou\u017eit\u00ed SquashFS, podobn\u011b jako u form\u00e1t\u016f AppImage a Snap, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u201ep\u0159imontovat\u201c bal\u00edk bez nutnosti jeho rozbalen\u00ed, co\u017e \u0161et\u0159\u00ed diskov\u00fd prostor, umo\u017e\u0148uje atomov\u00e9 zm\u011bny a \u010din\u00ed obsah bal\u00edku okam\u017eit\u011b dostupn\u00fdm. Bal\u00edky distri obsahuj\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v klasick\u00e9m form\u00e1tu \u201edeb\u201c, pouze jednotliv\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na jin\u00fdch bal\u00edc\u00edch (knihovny se v bal\u00edc\u00edch nedubluj\u00ed, ale instaluj\u00ed jako z\u00e1vislosti). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, distri se sna\u017e\u00ed spojit granurovanou strukturu bal\u00edk\u016f klasick\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed, jako je Debian, s metodami dod\u00e1vky aplikac\u00ed ve form\u011b montovan\u00fdch kontejner\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd bal\u00edk v distri se montuje do sv\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad bal\u00edk se zsh je dostupn\u00fd jako \u201e\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3\u201c), co\u017e pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje bezpe\u010dnost a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fdmi nebo zl\u00fdm \u00famyslem zm\u011bnami. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hierarchie slu\u017eebn\u00edch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jako jsou \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share a \/usr\/lib, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed FUSE modul, kter\u00fd spojuje obsah v\u0161ech nainstalovan\u00fdch obraz\u016f SquashFS do jednoho celku (nap\u0159\u00edklad adres\u00e1\u0159 \/ro\/share poskytuje p\u0159\u00edstup k podadres\u00e1\u0159\u016fm share ze v\u0161ech bal\u00edk\u016f). <\/p>\n

Bal\u00ed\u010dky<\/a><\/noindex> v distri jsou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zbaveny<\/a><\/noindex> od vyvol\u00e1van\u00fdch b\u011bhem instalace zpracovatel\u016f (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hooky a spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de), a r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze bal\u00ed\u010dku mohou koexistovat, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje paralelizaci instalace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Navrhovan\u00e1 struktura omezuje v\u00fdkon spr\u00e1vce bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f pouze \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou p\u00e1sma s\u00edt\u011b, p\u0159es kterou se bal\u00ed\u010dky stahuj\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edmo instalace nebo aktualizace bal\u00ed\u010dku prob\u00edh\u00e1 atom\u00e1rn\u011b a nevy\u017eaduje duplicitu obsahu. <\/p>\n

Konflikty p\u0159i instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f jsou vylou\u010deny, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek je spojen se sv\u00fdm adres\u00e1\u0159em a v syst\u00e9mu je povoleno m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze jednoho bal\u00ed\u010dku (do shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f se p\u0159ipojuje obsah adres\u00e1\u0159e s nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed reviz\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku). Sestaven\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f je tak\u00e9 velmi rychl\u00e9 a nevy\u017eaduje instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f v samostatn\u00e9m sestavovac\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed (v sestavovac\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pohledy na pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti z adres\u00e1\u0159e \/ro).<\/p>\n

Podporov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> Standardn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy pro spr\u00e1vu bal\u00edk\u016f, jako \u201edistri install\u201c a \u201edistri update\u201c, a m\u00edsto informa\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f lze pou\u017e\u00edt standardn\u00ed utilitu \u201els\u201c (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro zobrazen\u00ed nainstalovan\u00fdch bal\u00edk\u016f sta\u010d\u00ed vyp\u00edsnout seznam adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f v hierarchii \u201e\/ro\u201c, a abychom zjistili, do jak\u00e9ho bal\u00edku soubor pat\u0159\u00ed, pod\u00edvat se, kam odkazuje tato polo\u017eka).<\/p>\n

Navr\u017een\u00fd prototyp distribuce pro experimenty obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1700 bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> a hotov\u00e9 instala\u010dn\u00ed obrazy<\/a><\/noindex> s instal\u00e1torem, vhodn\u00e9 jak pro instalaci jako hlavn\u00ed OS, tak pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud a VirtualBox. Podporuje se na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed z \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho diskov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu a soubor aplikac\u00ed pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00ed plochy na b\u00e1zi spr\u00e1vce oken i3 (jako prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d je navrhov\u00e1n Google Chrome). Poskytuje se<\/a><\/noindex> plnohodnotn\u00e1 sada n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro sestaven\u00ed distribuce, p\u0159\u00edpravu a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, distribuci bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f na zrcadla atd.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 distri \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 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\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 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