{"id":37788,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kolen\u00ed Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Den 32. Obnova hesel, XMODEM\/TFTPDNLD a aktivace licenc\u00ed Cisco","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dnes si pov\u00edme o obnov\u011b hesel router\u016f a switch\u016f, aktualizaci, p\u0159einstalaci a obnov\u011b IOS a o syst\u00e9mu licencov\u00e1n\u00ed Cisco pro opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m IOSv15. To jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 t\u00e9mata t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spr\u00e1vy s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nJak lze obnovit heslo? M\u016f\u017eete se zeptat, pro\u010d by to mohlo b\u00fdt pot\u0159ebn\u00e9. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee jste nastavili za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a nastavili v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 hesla: na VTY, na konzoli, na privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim, na p\u0159ipojen\u00ed Telnet a SSH, a pak jste tato hesla zapomn\u011bli. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanec spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd je nastavil, ode\u0161el a nezanechal v\u00e1m pozn\u00e1mky, nebo jste zakoupili router na eBay a nev\u00edte, jak\u00e1 hesla nastavil b\u00fdval\u00fd majitel, a proto se nem\u016f\u017eete k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dostat. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch byste m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt \"hacker\" triky. Hackujete za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Cisco a p\u0159einstalov\u00e1v\u00e1te hesla, ale to nen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 hackov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m. K tomu jsou pot\u0159eba t\u0159i v\u011bci: p\u0159eru\u0161ovac\u00ed sekvence Break Sequence, stav registru a restart syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te sp\u00edna\u010d, vypnete nap\u00e1jen\u00ed routeru a okam\u017eit\u011b ho zap\u00edn\u00e1te, aby router za\u010dal restart. \"Ciscovodi\" to naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \"bouncing\". V okam\u017eiku rozbalen\u00ed obrazu IOS je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. p\u0159ipojit se k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159es konzolov\u00fd port a spustit Break Sequence. Kl\u00e1vesov\u00e1 kombinace, kter\u00e1 spou\u0161t\u00ed Break Sequence, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na emula\u010dn\u00edm programu termin\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, tj. pro Hyperterminal je p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed realizov\u00e1no jednou kombinac\u00ed a pro SecureSRT jinou. Pod t\u00edmto videem uv\u00e1d\u00edm odkaz www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/routers\/10000-series-routers\/12818-61.html<\/a><\/noindex>, kde si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout v\u0161echny kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 emul\u00e1tory termin\u00e1l\u016f, r\u016fznou kompatibilitu a r\u016fzn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se router spust\u00ed v re\u017eimu ROMmon. ROMmon je obdobou BIOSu po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, je to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1vat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed servisn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy. V tomto re\u017eimu lze vyu\u017e\u00edt registry konfigurace. Jak v\u00edte, b\u011bhem spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9m kontroluje p\u0159\u00edtomnost spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch nastaven\u00ed, a pokud chyb\u00ed, na\u010dte se s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi. <\/p>\n

Norm\u00e1ln\u011b je hodnota registru konfigurace routeru 0x2102, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfigurace. Pokud tuto hodnotu zm\u011bn\u00edte na 0x2142, p\u0159i p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed sekvenci se spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfigurace ignoruje, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m nebude br\u00e1t v \u00favahu obsah nevolatiln\u00ed pam\u011bti NVRAM a na\u010dte konfiguraci odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00edm routeru \u201az krabice\u2018. <\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem pro na\u010dten\u00ed s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit hodnotu registru konfigurace na 0x2142, co\u017e doslovn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: \u201epros\u00edm, p\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoli na\u010dten\u00ed ignorujte spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfiguraci!\u201c. Proto\u017ee tato konfigurace obsahuje v\u0161echna hesla, p\u0159i na\u010dten\u00ed s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi m\u00e1te voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. V tomto re\u017eimu m\u016f\u017eete resetovat hesla, ulo\u017eit proveden\u00e9 zm\u011bny, restartovat syst\u00e9m a z\u00edskat plnou kontrolu nad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Te\u010f spust\u00edm Packet Tracer a uk\u00e1\u017eu v\u00e1m to, o \u010dem jsem pr\u00e1v\u011b mluvil. Vid\u00edte s\u00ed\u0165ovou topologii, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z routeru, na kter\u00e9m je t\u0159eba resetovat hesla, switche a notebooku. Ve v\u0161ech videon\u00e1vodech jsem kliknul na ikonu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Packet Tracer, otev\u0159el kartu konzole CLI a nakonfiguroval za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Te\u010f chci ud\u011blat n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho a uk\u00e1zat, jak to ud\u011blat na re\u00e1ln\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Propoj\u00edm s\u00e9riov\u00fd port notebooku RS-232 konzolov\u00fdm kabelem s konzolov\u00fdm portem routeru, v programu je tento kabel modr\u00e9 barvy. Nemus\u00edm nastavovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 IP adresy, proto\u017ee pro komunikaci s konzolov\u00fdm portem routeru nejsou pot\u0159eba. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nV notebooku otev\u0159u kartu Termin\u00e1l a zkontroluji parametry: p\u0159enosov\u00e1 rychlost 9600 b\/s, informa\u010dn\u00edch bit\u016f \u2013 8, bez parity, stop bit\u016f \u2013 1, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9, a pot\u00e9 kliknu na tla\u010d\u00edtko OK, co\u017e mi poskytne p\u0159\u00edstup do konzole routeru. Pokud porovn\u00e1te informace v obou oknech \u2013 CLI routeru R0 a na obrazovce notebooku Laptop0, budou zcela shodn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nPacket Tracer umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt podobn\u00e9 \u00fakony, ale v praxi nebudeme pou\u017e\u00edvat okno konzole routeru CLI, ale budeme pracovat pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm termin\u00e1lu po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee m\u00e1me router, u n\u011bho\u017e je pot\u0159eba obnovit heslo. Otev\u0159ete termin\u00e1l notebooku, zkontrolujete parametry, p\u0159ejdete na panel nastaven\u00ed routeru a zjist\u00edte, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup je zablokov\u00e1n heslem! Jak se tam dostat? <\/p>\n

P\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm k routeru, na kartu, kde je zobrazen jako fyzick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, klik\u00e1m na vyp\u00edna\u010d nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a hned ho znovu zap\u00edn\u00e1m. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee ve okn\u011b termin\u00e1lu se objevilo zpr\u00e1va o samorozbalov\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu OS. V tu chv\u00edli byste m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt kombinaci kl\u00e1ves Ctrl+C, ta se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro p\u0159echod do re\u017eimu rommon v programu Packet Tracer. Pokud jste se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili p\u0159es Hyperterminal, je t\u0159eba stisknout Ctrl+Break. <\/p>\n

Vid\u00edte, \u017ee na obrazovce se objevila \u0159\u00e1dka s n\u00e1zvem rommon 1, a pokud zad\u00e1te otazn\u00edk, syst\u00e9m v\u00e1m pot\u00e9 nab\u00eddne \u0159adu n\u00e1pov\u011bd, jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt v tomto re\u017eimu. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nParametr boot spou\u0161t\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed proces na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, confreg spou\u0161t\u00ed utilitu pro nastaven\u00ed registru, a n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tento p\u0159\u00edkaz. Do \u0159\u00e1dku termin\u00e1lu zad\u00e1v\u00e1m confreg 0x2142. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i restartu bude ignorov\u00e1n obsah ulo\u017een\u00fd ve flash pam\u011bti NVRAM a router se na\u010dte s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi, jako zcela nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Kdybych zadal p\u0159\u00edkaz confreg 0x2102, router by pou\u017eil posledn\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00e9 parametry pro na\u010dten\u00ed. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edkazem reset restartuji syst\u00e9m. Jak vid\u00edte, po jeho na\u010dten\u00ed se m\u00edsto \u017e\u00e1dosti o zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla, jako minule, syst\u00e9m jednodu\u0161e pt\u00e1, zda chci pokra\u010dovat v nastaven\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou router s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi, bez jak\u00e9koli u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 konfigurace. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nZad\u00e1v\u00e1m no, pot\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkaz enter a p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Proto\u017ee chci zobrazit konfiguraci spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz show startup-config. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee n\u00e1zev hostitele je NwKing router, uv\u00edtac\u00ed banner a heslo pro konzoli je \u201econsole\u201c. Te\u010f toto heslo zn\u00e1m a mohu si ho zkop\u00edrovat, abych na n\u011bj nezapomn\u011bl, nebo ho mohu zm\u011bnit na jin\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Co pot\u0159ebuji hned na za\u010d\u00e1tek, je na\u010d\u00edst konfiguraci spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace routeru. K tomu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz copy startup-config running-config. Na\u0161e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace se tedy stala p\u0159edchoz\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed routeru. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee po tom se n\u00e1zev routeru na p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku zm\u011bnil z Router na NwKingRouter. Pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show run m\u016f\u017eeme zobrazit aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kde je vid\u011bt, \u017ee heslo pro konzoli je slovo \u201econsole\u201c, nepou\u017eili jsme enable password, to je spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Mus\u00edte si pamatovat, \u017ee obnova \u201ezab\u00edj\u00ed\u201c privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim a vy se znovu ocitnete v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m re\u017eimu p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku. <\/p>\n

St\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eeme prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny v registru a pokud by heslo bylo tajn\u00e9, tedy by byla pou\u017eita funkce enable secret, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byste ho nemohli de\u0161ifrovat, tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017eete vr\u00e1tit do glob\u00e1ln\u00edho konfigura\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu p\u0159\u00edkazem config t a nastavit nov\u00e9 heslo. K tomu zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz enable secret enable, nebo mohu pou\u017e\u00edt jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 slovo jako heslo. Pokud nap\u00ed\u0161ete show run, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee funkce enable secret je povolena, heslo nyn\u00ed nevypad\u00e1 jako slovo \u201eenable\u201c, ale jako \u0159et\u011bzec za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch znak\u016f a m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt v klidu ohledn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti, proto\u017ee jste pr\u00e1v\u011b sami nastavili a za\u0161ifrovali nov\u00e9 heslo. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nTakhle m\u016f\u017eete prov\u00e9st obnovu hesla routeru. V\u0161imn\u011bte si jedn\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci: pokud zad\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edkaz \u201eshow version\u201c, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee hodnota registra\u010dn\u00ed konfigurace je 0x2142. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i kdy\u017e pou\u017eiji p\u0159\u00edkaz copy running to startup a restartuji router, syst\u00e9m znovu na\u010dte z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, tedy router se vr\u00e1t\u00ed do tov\u00e1rn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed. To v\u016fbec nechceme, proto\u017ee jsme resetovali heslo, z\u00edskali kontrolu nad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a chceme ho pou\u017e\u00edvat v pracovn\u00edm re\u017eimu. <\/p>\n

Proto je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ej\u00edt do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigura\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu Router(config)# a zadat p\u0159\u00edkaz config-register 0x2102 a teprve pot\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz pro zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace do spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed copy run start. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed do spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfigurace lze tak\u00e9 zkop\u00edrovat pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu write. Pokud nyn\u00ed zad\u00e1te show version, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee hodnota registra\u010dn\u00edho registru je nyn\u00ed 0x2102, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e syst\u00e9m informuje, \u017ee zm\u011bny vstoup\u00ed v platnost p\u0159i p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm restartu routeru. <\/p>\n

Proto iniciujeme restart p\u0159\u00edkazem reload, syst\u00e9m se restartuje, a nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me v\u0161echny konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubory, v\u0161echna nastaven\u00ed a zn\u00e1me v\u0161echna hesla. Takto se prov\u00e1d\u00ed obnova hesel routeru. <\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se, jak prov\u00e9st stejn\u00fd postup pro switch. Router m\u00e1 vyp\u00edna\u010d, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vypnout a znovu zapnout nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, ale Cisco switch takov\u00fd vyp\u00edna\u010d nem\u00e1. Mus\u00edme se p\u0159ipojit k console portu pomoc\u00ed console kabelu, pot\u00e9 odpojit nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabel zezadu switche, po 10-15 sekund\u00e1ch ho znovu zapojit a ihned podr\u017eet tla\u010d\u00edtko MODE po dobu 3 sekund. To automaticky p\u0159epne switch do re\u017eimu ROMmon. V tomto re\u017eimu mus\u00edte inicializovat souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na flash a p\u0159ejmenovat soubor config.text, nap\u0159\u00edklad na config.text.old. Pokud ho jen smaz\u00e1te, switch \u201ezapomene\u201c nejen hesla, ale i v\u0161echna p\u0159edchoz\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 restartujete syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nCo se s p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010dem stane? P\u0159i restartu se dotazuje na konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor config.text. Pokud tento soubor nenajde ve flash pam\u011bti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na\u010dte IOS s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi nastaven\u00edmi. V tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 rozd\u00edl: u routeru mus\u00edte zm\u011bnit nastaven\u00ed registru, zat\u00edmco u switche sta\u010d\u00ed jednodu\u0161e zm\u011bnit n\u00e1zev spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho souboru nastaven\u00ed. Pod\u00edvejme se, jak se to d\u011bje v programu Packet Tracer. Tentokr\u00e1t p\u0159ipojuji notebook console k potu switche. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me CLI konzoli switche, ale modelujeme situaci, kdy lze m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup k nastaven\u00edm switche pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm notebooku. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m stejn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed termin\u00e1lu notebooku jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b routeru, a po stisknut\u00ed \"Enter\" se p\u0159ipojuji k console portu switche. <\/p>\n

Ve Packet Traceru nemohu odpojit a znovu p\u0159ipojit nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabel, jako to d\u011bl\u00e1m s fyzick\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Kdybych m\u011bl heslo pro konzoli, mohl bych restartovat p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d, proto zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz enable password enable pro nastaven\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho hesla pro privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim konzole. <\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se dostanu do nastaven\u00ed, uvid\u00edm, \u017ee syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje heslo, kter\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je t\u0159eba iniciovat restart syst\u00e9mu. Jak vid\u00edte, syst\u00e9m nereaguje na p\u0159\u00edkaz reload, kter\u00fd byl zasl\u00e1n z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, tak\u017ee mus\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edt privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim. Jak jsem \u0159\u00edkal, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b bych jednodu\u0161e na n\u011bkolik sekund vypnul nap\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de, abych vyvolal restart, ale proto\u017ee to v programu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, mus\u00edm odstranit heslo a restartovat se p\u0159\u00edmo odsud. Ch\u00e1pete, pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1m, \u017ee ano? <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nTak p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm z karty CLI na kartu \u201eFyzick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c, a kdy\u017e se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 restartovat, dr\u017e\u00edm virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko MODE po dobu 3 sekund a vstoup\u00edm do re\u017eimu ROMmon. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee informace v okn\u011b CLI p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de je stejn\u00e1 jako v okn\u011b na obrazovce notebooku. P\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm k notebooku, v jeho\u017e okn\u011b je zobrazen re\u017eim ROMmon p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de, a zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz flash_init. Tento p\u0159\u00edkaz inicializuje souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na flash pam\u011bti, pot\u00e9 zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz dir_flash, abych zobrazil obsah flash pam\u011bti. <\/p>\n

Zde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed dva soubory \u2013 soubor opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu IOS s p\u0159\u00edponou .bin a soubor config.text, kter\u00fd mus\u00edme p\u0159ejmenovat. K tomu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz rename flash:config.text flash:config.old. Pokud nyn\u00ed pou\u017eiji p\u0159\u00edkaz dir_flash, mohu vid\u011bt, \u017ee soubor config.text byl p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na config.old. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nNyn\u00ed zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz reset, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d se restartuje a po na\u010dten\u00ed syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ejde na v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. To dokazuje zm\u011bna n\u00e1zvu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku z NwKingSwitch na jednodu\u0161e Switch. Ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed existuje p\u0159\u00edkaz rename, ale v Packet Tracer ho nelze pou\u017e\u00edt. Proto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m show running conf, jak vid\u00edte, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161echna v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nastaven\u00ed a zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz more flash:config.old. Tady je kl\u00ed\u010d k hacknut\u00ed: sta\u010d\u00ed zkop\u00edrovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zobrazenou na obrazovce, p\u0159ej\u00edt do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigura\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu a vlo\u017eit zkop\u00edrovan\u00e9 informace. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b m\u00e1me zkop\u00edrov\u00e1ny naprosto v\u0161echny nastaven\u00ed a vid\u00edte, \u017ee se zm\u011bnilo jm\u00e9no za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d p\u0159e\u0161el do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho re\u017eimu pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed zb\u00fdv\u00e1 zkop\u00edrovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci do spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfigurace, tedy vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd soubor config.text. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob je prost\u011b p\u0159ejmenovat star\u00fd soubor zp\u011bt na config.text, tedy zkop\u00edrovat obsah config.old do aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace a pot\u00e9 ji ulo\u017eit jako config.text. Takto se prov\u00e1d\u00ed obnoven\u00ed hesla p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de. <\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak prov\u00e1d\u011bt z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Cisco IOS. Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu IOS na TFTP-server. D\u00e1le v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eu, jak p\u0159en\u00e9st soubor obrazu syst\u00e9mu z tohoto serveru na va\u0161e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. T\u0159et\u00ed t\u00e9ma je obnoven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v re\u017eimu ROMmon. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba, pokud v\u00e1\u0161 kolega omylem smazal IOS a syst\u00e9m se p\u0159estal na\u010d\u00edtat. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nPod\u00edv\u00e1me se, jak z\u00edskat soubor syst\u00e9mu z TFTP-serveru v re\u017eimu ROMmon. Existuj\u00ed dva zp\u016fsoby, jedn\u00edm z nich je xmodem. Packet Tracer xmodem nepodporuje, tak\u017ee v\u00e1m stru\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edm, co to je, a pot\u00e9 v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eu pomoc\u00ed Packet Tracer, jak pou\u017e\u00edt druh\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u2013 obnoven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu p\u0159es TFTP. <\/p>\n

Na sch\u00e9matu je zobrazeno za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Router0, kter\u00e9mu byl p\u0159i\u0159azen IP adresa 10.1.1.1. Tento router je p\u0159ipojen k serveru s IP adresou 10.1.1.10. Zapomn\u011bl jsem p\u0159i\u0159adit adresu routeru, tak\u017ee to te\u010f rychle ud\u011bl\u00e1m. N\u00e1\u0161 router nen\u00ed p\u0159ipojen k notebooku, tak\u017ee program neumo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt konzolu CLI, a to budu muset opravit. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipojuji notebook k routeru pomoc\u00ed konzolov\u00e9ho kabelu, syst\u00e9m \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 heslo pro konzoli, a j\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m slovo console. V glob\u00e1ln\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimu p\u0159id\u011bluji rozhran\u00ed f0\/0 po\u017eadovanou IP adresu a masku pods\u00edt\u011b 255.255.255.0 a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz no shutdown. <\/p>\n

D\u00e1le zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz show flash a vid\u00edm, \u017ee v pam\u011bti jsou um\u00edst\u011bny 3 soubory. Soubory \u010d\u00edslo 3 je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je to soubor IOS routeru. Te\u010f je pot\u0159eba nastavit TFTP server, a proto kliknu na ikonu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Server0 a otev\u0159u z\u00e1lo\u017eku SERVICES. Vid\u00edme, \u017ee TFTP server je zapnut\u00fd a obsahuje soubory mnoha opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f Cisco, v\u010detn\u011b IOS pro n\u00e1\u0161 router s1841 \u2013 to je t\u0159et\u00ed soubor v seznamu. Mus\u00edm ho odstranit ze serveru, proto\u017ee se chyst\u00e1m sem zkop\u00edrovat jin\u00fd soubor IOS z na\u0161eho routeru Router0. K tomu vyberu soubor a kliknu na Remove file, a pot\u00e9 p\u0159ejdu na z\u00e1lo\u017eku konzole notebooku. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nB\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce v konzole routeru zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz copy flash tftp , pot\u00e9 zkop\u00edruji a vlo\u017e\u00edm jm\u00e9no souboru opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nD\u00e1le v p\u0159\u00edkazu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uvedena adresa nebo n\u00e1zev vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho hostitele, na kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tento soubor zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n. Stejn\u011b jako p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed konfigurace routeru je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd. Pokud omylem zkop\u00edrujete neaktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci do spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed, a naopak, spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed do aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, po restartov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ztrat\u00edte v\u0161echny proveden\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nelze pl\u00e9st zdroj a c\u00edl. Tak\u017ee nejprve uvedeme jm\u00e9no souboru, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n na server, a pot\u00e9 IP adresu tohoto serveru 10.1.1.10. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nVid\u00edte, \u017ee za\u010dal p\u0159enos souboru, a pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na seznam soubor\u016f TFTP, vid\u00edte, \u017ee m\u00edsto vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho souboru se zde objevil nov\u00fd soubor IOS na\u0161eho routeru. Takto prob\u00edh\u00e1 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed IOS na server. <\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se vrac\u00edme k oknu nastaven\u00ed routeru na obrazovce notebooku a zad\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edkaz copy tftp flash, ur\u010d\u00edme adresu vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho hostitele 10.1.1.10 a n\u00e1zev zdrojov\u00e9ho souboru Source filename, co\u017e je IOS, kter\u00fd se m\u00e1 zkop\u00edrovat do flash pam\u011bti routeru: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. D\u00e1le zad\u00e1me n\u00e1zev c\u00edlov\u00e9ho souboru Destination filename, kter\u00fd v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fd jako n\u00e1zev zdroje. Pot\u00e9 stisknu \u201eEnter\u201c a nov\u00fd soubor IOS se zkop\u00edruje do flash pam\u011bti routeru. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me dva soubory opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu: nov\u00fd s \u010d\u00edslem 3 a p\u0159edchoz\u00ed origin\u00e1ln\u00ed s \u010d\u00edslem 4. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nVe ozna\u010den\u00ed IOS je pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 verze \u2013 v prvn\u00edm souboru s \u010d\u00edslem 3 je to 124, a ve druh\u00e9m s \u010d\u00edslem 4 je to 123, tedy star\u0161\u00ed verze. Krom\u011b toho advipservicesk9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tato verze syst\u00e9mu je funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ipbase, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat MPLS a podobn\u011b. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jste omylem smazali flash \u2013 zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz delete flash a uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u00e1zev souboru IOS, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt odstran\u011bn. <\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159edt\u00edm chci \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee nyn\u00ed se p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed standardn\u011b pou\u017eije soubor opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu s \u010d\u00edslem 3, tedy c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu chci, aby se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pou\u017eil soubor \u010d\u00edslo 4 \u2014 c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. K tomu p\u0159ejdu do re\u017eimu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace a zad\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz boot system flash: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tento soubor pou\u017eije jako operativn\u00ed syst\u00e9m standardn\u011b, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1me ve flash dv\u011b opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. <\/p>\n

Vr\u00e1t\u00edme se k odstran\u011bn\u00ed OS a zad\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edkaz delete flash: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Pot\u00e9 odstran\u00edme i druh\u00fd OS p\u0159\u00edkazem delete flash: c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin, tak\u017ee router p\u0159ijde o oba opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Pokud nyn\u00ed zad\u00e1te show flash, m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, \u017ee nyn\u00ed nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Co se stane, pokud d\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz k restartov\u00e1n\u00ed? Vid\u00edte, \u017ee po zad\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu reload za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do re\u017eimu ROMmon. Jak jsem \u0159ekl, p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hled\u00e1 soubor OS a v jeho absenci p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed OS rommon. <\/p>\n

V programu Packet Tracer nejsou k dispozici p\u0159\u00edkazy xmodem, kter\u00e9 by se daly pou\u017e\u00edt na skute\u010dn\u00e9m fyzick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zde zad\u00e1v\u00e1te xmodem a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1te nezbytn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro na\u010dten\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te termin\u00e1l SecureCRT, m\u016f\u017eete kliknout na soubor, zvolit mo\u017enost, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159enos, a pot\u00e9 vybrat xmodem. Jakmile vyberete xmodem, vyberete soubor opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee tento soubor je na va\u0161em notebooku, pak zad\u00e1te xmodem, ur\u010d\u00edte tento soubor a ode\u0161lete ho. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b xmodem je velmi a velmi pomal\u00e1 v\u011bc, a proces p\u0159enosu m\u016f\u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti souboru trvat 1-2 hodiny. <\/p>\n

TFTP server funguje mnohem rychleji. Jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, v programu Packet Tracer nejsou k dispozici p\u0159\u00edkazy xmodem, tak\u017ee na\u010dteme tftp p\u0159\u00edkazem tftpdnld, po kter\u00e9m syst\u00e9m poskytne n\u00e1pov\u011bdu, jak obnovit obraz syst\u00e9mu p\u0159es TFTP server. Uvid\u00edte r\u016fzn\u00e9 parametry, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st pro na\u010dten\u00ed souboru opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Pro\u010d jsou tyto parametry pot\u0159ebn\u00e9? Jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed je nutn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v re\u017eimu rommon tento router nem\u00e1 funk\u010dnost plnohodnotn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s IOS. Tak\u017ee nejprve mus\u00edme ru\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit IP adresu na\u0161eho routeru pomoc\u00ed parametru IP_ADDRESS=10.1.1.1, pot\u00e9 masku pods\u00edt\u011b IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0, v\u00fdchoz\u00ed br\u00e1nu DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.1.1.10, TFTP_SERVER=10.1.1.10 a soubor TFTP_FILE=c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co jsem to ud\u011blal, spou\u0161t\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkaz tftpdnld, a syst\u00e9m se m\u011b pt\u00e1, zda to chci potvrdit, proto\u017ee v\u0161echna existuj\u00edc\u00ed data ve flash pam\u011bti budou ztracena. Pokud odpov\u00edm \"Ano\", uvid\u00edte, \u017ee barva port\u016f spojen\u00ed router-server se zm\u011bnila na zelenou, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prob\u00edh\u00e1 proces kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ze serveru.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nJakmile je na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed souboru dokon\u010deno, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz boot, po \u010dem\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dekomprese obrazu syst\u00e9mu. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee po tomto router p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do funk\u010dn\u00edho stavu, proto\u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dostalo zp\u011bt opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Takto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k obnov\u011b funk\u010dnosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161lo o sv\u016fj opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.
\nNyn\u00ed se poj\u010fme trochu pobavit o licenc\u00edch Cisco IOS. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nP\u0159ed verz\u00ed 15 existovaly p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verze licenc\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad 12, po kter\u00e9 byla okam\u017eit\u011b vyd\u00e1na verze 15. Neptejte se, kam se pod\u011bly \u010d\u00edsla 13 a 14. Kdy\u017e jste tedy koupili za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Cisco, s z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkcionalitou IOS IP Base, st\u00e1la, \u0159ekn\u011bme, 1000 $. To byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed cena \u201ehardwaru\u201c s nainstalovan\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konfigurace. <\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edtel cht\u011bl, aby jeho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011blo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou funkcionalitu Advance IP Services, pak byla cena, \u0159ekn\u011bme, 10 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla, jen abyste pochopili princip. Pokud jste oba m\u011bli stejn\u00e9 hardware, rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edval pouze v nainstalovan\u00e9m software. Nic v\u00e1m nemohlo zabr\u00e1nit po\u017e\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edtele o kopii jeho software, nainstalovat ji na sv\u00e9 \u201ehardware\u201c a t\u00edm u\u0161et\u0159it 9 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. I kdy\u017e takov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele nem\u00e1te, p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m rozvoji internetu si m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout a nainstalovat pir\u00e1tskou kopii software. Je to nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 a nedoporu\u010duji v\u00e1m to, ale lid\u00e9 to \u010dasto d\u011blaj\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se Cisco rozhodlo zav\u00e9st mechanismus, kter\u00fd takov\u00fdm manipulac\u00edm br\u00e1n\u00ed, a vyvinulo verzi IOS 15, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje licencov\u00e1n\u00ed.
\nV p\u0159edchoz\u00edch verz\u00edch IOS, nap\u0159\u00edklad 12.4, samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev syst\u00e9mu ukazoval na jeho funk\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti, tak\u017ee p\u0159\u00edstupem do nastaven\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jste mohli ur\u010dit jejich podle n\u00e1zvu souboru OS. Ve skute\u010dnosti existovalo n\u011bkolik opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f jedn\u00e9 verze podobn\u011b jako Windows Home, Windows Professional, Windows Enterprise atd. <\/p>\n

Ve verzi 15 existuje pouze jeden univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u2013 Cisco IOSv15, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik \u00farovn\u00ed licencov\u00e1n\u00ed. Obraz syst\u00e9mu obsahuje v\u0161echny funkce, ale ty jsou zablokov\u00e1ny a rozd\u011bleny do bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek IP Base je ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed, m\u00e1 do\u017eivotn\u00ed platnost a je dostupn\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo zakoupil za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cisco. Ostatn\u00ed t\u0159i bal\u00ed\u010dky, Data, Unified Communication a Security, lze aktivovat pouze pomoc\u00ed licence. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete bal\u00ed\u010dek Data, m\u016f\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvit webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky spole\u010dnosti, zaplatit ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1stku a Cisco v\u00e1m za\u0161le licen\u010dn\u00ed soubor na v\u00e1\u0161 email. Tento soubor zkop\u00edrujete na flash pam\u011b\u0165 sv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed TFTP nebo jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, po \u010dem\u017e se v\u0161echny funkce bal\u00ed\u010dku Data automaticky stanou dostupn\u00fdmi. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete pokro\u010dil\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce, jako je \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, IPSec, VPN, firewall atd., zakoup\u00edte licenci na bal\u00ed\u010dek Security.
\nNyn\u00ed v\u00e1m pomoc\u00ed Packet Tracer uk\u00e1\u017eu, jak to vypad\u00e1. P\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm na kartu CLI nastaven\u00ed routeru a zad\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edkaz show version. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee m\u00e1me spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd OS verze 15.1, co\u017e je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd obsahuje v\u0161echny funk\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Pokud posunete okno dol\u016f, m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt informace o licenci. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolen\u00ed
\n
\nZde je uvedeno, \u017ee bal\u00ed\u010dek ipbase je trvale aktivn\u00ed a dostupn\u00fd p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zat\u00edmco bal\u00ed\u010dky security a data nejsou dostupn\u00e9, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m v sou\u010dasnosti nem\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed licence. <\/p>\n

Pro zobrazen\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch licen\u010dn\u00edch informac\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz show license all. D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eete zobrazit detaily aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed licence pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show license detail. Funkce licence lze prohl\u00e9dnout pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu show license features. To je stru\u010dn\u00e1 informace o licen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Cisco. Nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky spole\u010dnosti, zakoup\u00edte po\u017eadovanou licenci a vlo\u017e\u00edte licen\u010dn\u00ed soubor do syst\u00e9mu. To je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st v re\u017eimu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace nastaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu license install. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nD\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, 30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 IOS \u0438 \u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cisco \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b IOSv15. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c? \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438: \u043d\u0430 VTY, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Tr\u00e9nink Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. 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Obnova hesel, XMODEM\/TFTPDNLD a aktivace licenc\u00ed Cisco | ProHoster","description":"Dnes budeme hovo\u0159it o obnoven\u00ed hesel router\u016f a switch\u016f, aktualizaci, p\u0159einstalaci a obnoven\u00ed IOS a o licen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Cisco pro opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m IOSv15.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS 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