{"id":37830,"date":"2019-10-31T22:20:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/koe-chto-eshhe-pakety-prilozhenij-haiku\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:20:00","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:00","slug":"koe-chto-eshhe-pakety-prilozhenij-haiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/koe-chto-eshhe-pakety-prilozhenij-haiku","title":{"rendered":"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/90604411e96ca7ef7b2d7dccac374d4e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>TL;DR<\/strong>: m\u016f\u017ee Haiku z\u00edskat adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu aplikac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad katalog\u016f aplikac\u00ed (jako <code>.*.app<\/code> na Macu) a\/nebo obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed (Linux <code>AppImage<\/code>)? P\u0159ijde mi, \u017ee by to bylo cenn\u00e9 dopln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by se snadn\u011bji integrovalo ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina infrastruktury ji\u017e existuje.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/461141\/\">P\u0159ed t\u00fddnem<\/a><\/noindex> jsem objevil Haiku, ne\u010dekan\u011b dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9m. A proto\u017ee ji\u017e dlouho m\u011b zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed katalogy a obrazy aplikac\u00ed (inspirov\u00e1ny jednoduchost\u00ed Macintosh), nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011b napadla my\u0161lenka\u2026<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pro \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed: jsem tv\u016frce a autor AppImage, form\u00e1tu distribuce aplikac\u00ed Linux zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na jednoduchost Mac a poskytuj\u00edc\u00edho plnou kontrolu autor\u016fm aplikac\u00ed a koncov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm (chcete v\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce \u2014 viz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AppImage\">wiki<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.appimage.org\/\">dokumentaci<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-esli-my-sdelaem-appimage-dlya-haiku\">Co kdybychom vytvo\u0159ili AppImage pro Haiku?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme te\u010f trochu teoretizovat: co bychom pot\u0159ebovali ud\u011blat, abychom z\u00edskali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/appimage.org\/\">AppImage<\/a><\/noindex>, nebo n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho, na Haiku? Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et n\u011bco hned, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ji\u017e existuje v Haiku, funguje \u00fa\u017easn\u011b a imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed experiment by byl zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. A nav\u00edc ukazuje sofistikovanost Haiku v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pracovn\u00edmi prost\u0159ed\u00edmi Linux, kde jsou podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci hrozn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 (m\u00e1m na to pr\u00e1vo: u\u017e 10 let se tr\u00e1p\u00edm s lad\u011bn\u00edm).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/f72209cb7c70702e614729f3b250c1b8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Na Macintosh System 1 byla ka\u017ed\u00e1 aplikace samostatn\u00fdm souborem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na starosti Finder. Pomoc\u00ed AppImage se sna\u017e\u00edm znovu vytvo\u0159it tuto u\u017eivatelskou zku\u0161enost v Linuxu.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nejprve, co je AppImage? Je to syst\u00e9m pro distribuci aplikac\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran (nap\u0159\u00edklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ultimaker.com\/software\/ultimaker-cura\">Ultimaker Cura<\/a><\/noindex>), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje uvol\u0148ovat aplikace, kdy a jak cht\u011bj\u00ed: nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zn\u00e1t specifika r\u016fzn\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed, politiku kompilace nebo kompilovanou infrastrukturu, nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed podporu spr\u00e1vc\u016f a ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm, co (ne)mohou instalovat na sv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. AppImage je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat jako n\u011bco, co vypad\u00e1 jako bal\u00ed\u010dek pro Mac ve form\u00e1tu <code>.*.app<\/code> uvnit\u0159 obrazu disku <code>.dmg<\/code>. Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee aplikace se nekop\u00edruj\u00ed, ale z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 AppImage nav\u017edy, podobn\u011b jako bal\u00ed\u010dky Haiku <code>.hpkg<\/code> se p\u0159imontuj\u00ed a nikdy se neinstaluj\u00ed v obvykl\u00e9m smyslu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>AppImage z\u00edskal b\u011bhem v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let sv\u00e9 existence ur\u010ditou p\u0159ita\u017elivost a popularitu: s\u00e1m Linus Torvalds jej ve\u0159ejn\u011b schv\u00e1lil, a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 projekty (nap\u0159\u00edklad LibreOffice, Krita, Inkscape, Scribus, ImageMagick) jej p\u0159ijaly jako hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsob distribuce kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo no\u010dn\u00edch sestaven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nezasahuj\u00ed do nainstalovan\u00fdch ani nenainstalovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a distribuce Linuxu se v\u011bt\u0161inou st\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed centralizovan\u00e9 modelu distribuce na z\u00e1klad\u011b doprovodn\u00fdch a\/nebo propaguj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed a\/nebo in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 programy na z\u00e1klad\u011b <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatpak\">Flatpak<\/a><\/noindex> (RedHat, Fedora, GNOME) a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snappy_%28%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%29\">Snappy<\/a><\/noindex> (Canonical, Ubuntu). Situace se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/hughsie\/2019\/07\/12\/gnome-software-in-fedora-will-no-longer-support-snapd\/\">do komick\u00fdch situac\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kak-vse-rabotaet\">Jak to funguje<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd AppImage obsahuje 2 \u010d\u00e1sti: mal\u00fd spustiteln\u00fd soubor ELF (tzv. <code>runtime.c<\/code>), s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm obrazem souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SquashFS\">SquashFS<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/c48bdc61fb08cdd9d2a2be10d4cfa5a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m SquashFS obsahuje u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve form\u011b aplikace a v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k jej\u00edmu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e nelze pova\u017eovat za sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdchoz\u00ed instalace na ka\u017ed\u00e9m dostate\u010dn\u011b modern\u00edm c\u00edlov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu (distribuce Linuxu). Obsahuje tak\u00e9 metadata, nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1zev aplikace, ikony, typy MIME a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/57285196436aaa5468f544942b39a608.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd runtime vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 FUSE a squashfuse k p\u0159ipojen\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, po \u010dem\u017e zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00edsta vstupu (tzv. AppRun) uvnit\u0159 p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho AppImage.<br \/>\nSouborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se odpoj\u00ed pot\u00e9, co proces skon\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vypad\u00e1 to docela jednodu\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ale tyto v\u011bci to komplikuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S takovou rozmanitost\u00ed distribuc\u00ed Linuxu u\u017e nic \u201ev norm\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu\u201c nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt naz\u00fdv\u00e1no \u201estandardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed instalace pro ka\u017edou \u010derstvou c\u00edlovou syst\u00e9m\u201c. Tento probl\u00e9m obch\u00e1z\u00edme sestaven\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/AppImage\/pkg2appimage\/blob\/master\/excludelist\">excludelist<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit, co bude zabalen\u00e9 do AppImage, a co je pot\u0159eba z\u00edskat n\u011bkde jinde. P\u0159esto se n\u011bkdy zm\u00fdl\u00edme, i kdy\u017e v\u0161e obecn\u011b skv\u011ble funguje. Proto doporu\u010dujeme tv\u016frc\u016fm bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f testovat AppImages na v\u0161ech c\u00edlov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech (distribuc\u00edch).<\/li>\n<li>Aplikace ve form\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159enositeln\u00e9 v souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Bohu\u017eel, v mnoha aplikac\u00edch jsou pevn\u011b stanoveny absolutn\u00ed cesty k, nap\u0159\u00edklad, zdroj\u016fm v <code>\/usr\/share<\/code>. To je pot\u0159eba n\u011bjak opravit. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba bu\u010f exportovat <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH<\/code>, nebo opravit <code>rpath<\/code> aby mohl bootloader naj\u00edt souvisej\u00edc\u00ed knihovny. Prvn\u00ed metoda m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody (kter\u00e9 se obch\u00e1zej\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby), zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 je prost\u011b nepraktick\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed UX past\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele je, \u017ee je t\u0159eba <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discourse.appimage.org\/t\/how-to-run-an-appimage\/80\">nastavit spustiteln\u00fd bit<\/a><\/noindex> souboru AppImage po sta\u017een\u00ed. Chcete v\u011b\u0159it, chcete ne, ale pro n\u011bkoho je to skute\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka. Pot\u0159eba nastavit bit vykonatelnosti je i pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 u\u017eivatele obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1. Jako alternativu jsme navrhli instalaci mal\u00e9 slu\u017eby, kter\u00e1 sleduje soubory AppImage a nastavuje jim bit vykonatelnosti. V \u010dist\u00e9 podob\u011b to nen\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, proto\u017ee nebude fungovat \u201ez krabice\u201c. Distribuce Linuxu tuto slu\u017ebu neposkytuj\u00ed, a proto maj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 \u201ez krabice\u201c probl\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<li>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 Linuxu o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e1 aplikace bude m\u00edt ikonu v nab\u00eddce. Syst\u00e9mu nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 \u0159\u00edct: \u201eD\u00edvej, tam je nov\u00e1 aplikace, poj\u010f na to\u201c. M\u00edsto toho podle specifikace XDG mus\u00ed\u0161 zkop\u00edrovat soubor <code>.desktop<\/code> na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v <code>\/usr<\/code> pro syst\u00e9movou instalaci, nebo do <code>$HOME<\/code> pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed instalaci. Ikony ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti je podle specifikace XDG t\u0159eba um\u00edstit na stanoven\u00e1 m\u00edsta v <code>usr<\/code> nebo <code>$HOME<\/code>, pot\u00e9 spustit p\u0159\u00edkazy v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro obnoven\u00ed cache ikon, nebo doufat, \u017ee spr\u00e1vce pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed si porad\u00ed a automaticky v\u0161e objev\u00ed. Podobn\u011b je to s typy MIME. Jako obch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsob se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat tu samou slu\u017ebu, kter\u00e1 krom\u011b nastaven\u00ed spustitelnosti bude, pokud existuj\u00ed ikony a dal\u0161\u00ed prvky v AppImage, kop\u00edrovat je z AppImage na spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 m\u00edsta podle XDG. P\u0159i odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159esunu slu\u017eba p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161e vy\u010dist\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edly v chov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve form\u00e1tech grafick\u00fdch soubor\u016f, jejich velikostech, m\u00edstech ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsobech obnovy cache, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, tento zp\u016fsob je z\u00e1plata.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9, v souborov\u00e9m spr\u00e1vci st\u00e1le nen\u00ed ikona AppImage. V komunit\u011b Linuxu dosud nebylo rozhodnuto o zaveden\u00ed elficon (navzdory <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.kubuntu.org\/ELFIconSpec\">diskuze<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pld-linux\/elficon\">prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>), tak\u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vlo\u017eit ikonu p\u0159\u00edmo do aplikace. Tak\u017ee aplikace v spr\u00e1vci soubor\u016f nemaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ikony (nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jestli je to AppImage nebo n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho), ikony jsou pouze v nab\u00eddce. Jako alternativu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me miniatury \u2014 mechanizmus, kter\u00fd byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een tak, aby spr\u00e1vci plochy mohli zobrazovat zmen\u0161en\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky jako n\u00e1hledy grafick\u00fdch soubor\u016f jako jejich ikony. Proto slu\u017eba pro nastaven\u00ed bitu vykonatelnosti tak\u00e9 funguje jako \u201eminiaturiz\u00e1tor\u201c, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed miniatury ikon na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsta. <code>\/usr<\/code> a <code>$HOME<\/code>. Takt\u00e9\u017e tato slu\u017eba prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u00faklid, pokud je AppImage odstran\u011bn nebo p\u0159esunut. Proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd spr\u00e1vce plochy se chov\u00e1 trochu jinak, nap\u0159\u00edklad v tom, jak\u00e9 form\u00e1ty akceptuje ikony, jak\u00e9 velikosti nebo m\u00edsta, je to skute\u010dn\u011b bolestiv\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Aplikace prost\u011b spadne p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pokud dojde k chyb\u00e1m (nap\u0159\u00edklad existuje knihovna, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a nen\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1na v AppImage), a nikdo v GUI ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 u\u017eivateli, co se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b d\u011bje. Za\u010dali jsme to obch\u00e1zet pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.gnome.org\/notification-spec\/\">ozn\u00e1men\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> na plo\u0161e, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00edme zachyt\u00e1vat chyby z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku, p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt je na srozumiteln\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 pak mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 zobrazit na plo\u0161e. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b (z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019 \u2014 pozn. p\u0159ekladatele) jsem nenalezl jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak \u0159\u00edct syst\u00e9mu, \u017ee soubor <code>1.png<\/code> by m\u011bl b\u00fdt otev\u0159en pomoc\u00ed Krita, a <code>2.png<\/code> \u2014 pomoc\u00ed GIMP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/347e54772a7312e27c83fef68be98e66.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>M\u00edstem \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b specifikac\u00ed pro cross-desktop, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNOME\">GNOME<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDE\">KDE<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xfce\">Xfce<\/a><\/noindex> je freedesktop.org. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b rafinovanosti, hluboce propleten\u00e9ho do pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Haiku, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, ne-li nemo\u017en\u00e9, kv\u016fli specifikac\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freedesktop.org\/wiki\/\">XDG od freedesktop.org<\/a><\/noindex> pro cross-desktop, stejn\u011b jako realizac\u00edm spr\u00e1vc\u016f ploch na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto specifikac\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st jednu syst\u00e9movou ikonu Firefox: o\u010dividn\u011b auto\u0159i XDG ani p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli o tom, \u017ee u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nainstalov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed stejn\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/d9743766c183f78e68a2669b09aa48d9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Ikony r\u016fzn\u00fdch verz\u00ed Firefox<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmalo m\u011b, co se m\u016f\u017ee sv\u011bt Linuxu nau\u010dit od Mac OS X, aby se vyhnul chyb\u00e1m p\u0159i syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 integraci. Pokud m\u00e1te \u010das a zab\u00fdv\u00e1te se t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem, ur\u010dit\u011b si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte, co \u0159ekl Arnaud Gurdol, jeden z prvn\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f Mac OS X:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Cht\u011bli jsme, aby instalace aplikace byla stejn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, jako p\u0159et\u00e1hnout ikonu aplikace odkudkoliv (server, extern\u00ed disk) na disk va\u0161eho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. K tomu je v bal\u00ed\u010dku aplikace ulo\u017eena ve\u0161ker\u00e1 informace, v\u010detn\u011b ikon, verze, zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho typu souboru, typu URL sch\u00e9matu, kter\u00e9 syst\u00e9m pot\u0159ebuje zn\u00e1t pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace. Sem pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 informace pro 'centralizovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b' v datab\u00e1zi Icon Services a Launch Services. Pro podporu v\u00fdkonu aplikace se 'zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed' na n\u011bkolika 'dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch' m\u00edstech: v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m adres\u00e1\u0159i Applications, stejn\u011b jako automaticky na n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech, pokud u\u017eivatel p\u0159ejde ve Finderu do adres\u00e1\u0159e obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho aplikaci. V praxi to fungovalo velmi dob\u0159e.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qQsnqWJ8D2c\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/qQsnqWJ8D2c<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<em>Apple WWDC 2000, session 144 \u2014 Mac OS X: balen\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a tisk dokument\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nic podobn\u00e9ho z t\u00e9to infrastruktury nen\u00ed v pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch Linuxu, tak\u017ee hled\u00e1me alternativn\u00ed cesty kolem struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch omezen\u00ed v projektu AppImage.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/a2550cb690d92d1aeb4fccff7e7fa57b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Opravdu se Haiku \u017eene na pomoc?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A je\u0161t\u011b: platformy Linux jako z\u00e1klad pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou obvykle tak nedostate\u010dn\u011b specifikov\u00e1ny, \u017ee mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou ve konzistentn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu s pln\u00fdm stackem velmi jednoduch\u00e9, zklamou fragmentac\u00ed a slo\u017eitost\u00ed v Linuxu. V\u011bnoval jsem celou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s platformou Linux pro pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (znal\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i potvrdili: v\u0161e z\u016fstane ve stavu, jak\u00e9m je, je\u0161t\u011b velmi dlouho).<\/p>\n<p>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"SQ8OXf7o6UA\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/SQ8OXf7o6UA\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><em>Moje p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka o probl\u00e9mech pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed Linuxu v roce 2018<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dokonce i Linus Torvalds uznal, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli fragmentaci se idea pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed nezda\u0159ila.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je skv\u011bl\u00e9 vid\u011bt Haiku!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s-haiku-vse-stanovitsya-potryasayusche-prostym\">S Haiku je v\u0161echno \u00fa\u017easn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli naivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k 'p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed' AppImage na Haiku spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve jednoduch\u00e9m pokusu o sestaven\u00ed (v\u011bt\u0161inou runtime.c a slu\u017eby) jeho komponent\u016f (co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i mo\u017en\u00e9!), nep\u0159inese to zna\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro Haiku. Proto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti je v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f na Haiku vy\u0159e\u0161ena a konceptu\u00e1ln\u011b od\u016fvodn\u011bna. Haiku poskytuje pr\u00e1v\u011b ty stavebn\u00ed kameny pro syst\u00e9movou infrastrukturu, kter\u00e9 jsem tak dlouho hledal v pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch na Linuxu a nemohl uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee tam nejsou. A to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/29f583bd24bd06cd67311a5087243639.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>A\u0165 u\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edte nebo ne, mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f Linuxu to nedok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ekonat. Na Haiku se to v\u0161echno d\u011bje automaticky!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soubory ELF, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed bit spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jej z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed automaticky p\u0159i dvojit\u00e9m kliknut\u00ed ve spr\u00e1vci soubor\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Aplikace mohou m\u00edt vestav\u011bn\u00e9 zdroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad ikony, kter\u00e9 se zobrazuj\u00ed ve spr\u00e1vci soubor\u016f. Nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba kop\u00edrovat spoustu obr\u00e1zk\u016f do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f s ikonami, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 je ukl\u00edzet po odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159esunut\u00ed aplikace.<\/li>\n<li>Existuje datab\u00e1ze pro propojen\u00ed aplikac\u00ed s dokumenty, nen\u00ed t\u0159eba kop\u00edrovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soubory pro toto.<\/li>\n<li>Knihovny se ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed hledaj\u00ed v adres\u00e1\u0159i lib\/ vedle spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru.<\/li>\n<li>Nen\u00ed mnoho distribuc\u00ed a desktopov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u0161e, co funguje, funguje v\u0161ude.<\/li>\n<li>Neexistuje samostatn\u00fd modul pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd by se li\u0161il od adres\u00e1\u0159e Aplikace.<\/li>\n<li>V aplikac\u00edch nejsou vestav\u011bn\u00e9 absolutn\u00ed cesty k jejich zdroj\u016fm, existuj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce pro ur\u010den\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bhem b\u011bhu.<\/li>\n<li>Zavedena byla my\u0161lenka komprimovan\u00fdch obraz\u016f souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f: to je jak\u00fdkoliv bal\u00ed\u010dek hpkg. V\u0161echny jsou p\u0159imontov\u00e1ny j\u00e1drem.<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd soubor je otev\u0159en aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jej vytvo\u0159ila, pokud nen\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedeno n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Jak skv\u011bl\u00e9 je to!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/335fedea2cc70e9d9e0c8f3dbcd41560.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Dva soubory png. V\u0161imn\u011bte si r\u016fzn\u00fdch ikon, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se budou otev\u00edrat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi aplikacemi po dvojit\u00e9m kliknut\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 si pov\u0161imn\u011bte rozbalovac\u00edho menu 'Otev\u0159\u00edt s vyu\u017eit\u00edm:', kde si u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee vybrat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci. Jak jednoduch\u00e9!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee mnoho workaround\u016f a obran\u00fdch cest, kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159eba pro AppImage na Linuxu, se na Haiku st\u00e1vaj\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi d\u00edky jednoduchosti a sofistikovanosti, kter\u00e9 zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu na\u0161ich pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nuzhny-li-haiku-pakety-prilozheniy-v-konce-koncov\">Jsou bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed pro Haiku nakonec pot\u0159eba?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>To je velk\u00fd ot\u00e1zka. Pokud by bylo na Haiku snaz\u0161\u00ed vytvo\u0159it syst\u00e9m podobn\u00fd AppImage ne\u017e na Linuxu, m\u011blo by to smysl? Nebo Haiku se sv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f hpkg vlastn\u011b eliminuje pot\u0159ebu takov\u00e9 my\u0161lenky? No, abychom na to odpov\u011bd\u011bli, mus\u00edme se pod\u00edvat na motivaci existence AppImages.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vzglyad-so-storony-polzovatelya\">Pohled z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 perspektivy<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na na\u0161eho koncov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chci nainstalovat aplikaci bez po\u017eadavku na heslo spr\u00e1vce (root). <em>Na Haiku neexistuje pojem spr\u00e1vce, u\u017eivatel m\u00e1 plnou kontrolu, proto\u017ee je to osobn\u00ed syst\u00e9m!<\/em> (V z\u00e1sad\u011b si to lze p\u0159edstavit i v re\u017eimu s v\u00edce u\u017eivateli, douf\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i zachovaj\u00ed jednoduchost)<\/li>\n<li>Chci m\u00edt nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejlep\u0161\u00ed verze aplikac\u00ed, nechci \u010dekat, a\u017e se objev\u00ed v m\u00e9m distribuci (co\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou znamen\u00e1 'nikdy', pokud neaktualizuji cel\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m). <em>Na Haiku je to 'vy\u0159e\u0161eno' pomoc\u00ed plovouc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejlep\u0161\u00ed verze aplikac\u00ed, ale je nutn\u00e9 neust\u00e1le aktualizovat a zbytek syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e ji de facto prom\u011b\u0148uje v 'pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se c\u00edl'.<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e1d bych m\u011bl vedle sebe n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed t\u00e9\u017ee aplikace, proto\u017ee nelze v\u011bd\u011bt, co bylo rozbito v posledn\u00ed verzi, nebo, dejme tomu, jako webov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159, pot\u0159ebuji otestovat svou pr\u00e1ci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch verz\u00edch prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de. <em>Na Haiku je vy\u0159e\u0161en prvn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale ne druh\u00fd. Aktualizace jsou vr\u00e1ceny, ale pouze pro cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, nen\u00ed (jak mi je zn\u00e1mo) mo\u017en\u00e9 spustit nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed WebPositive nebo LibreOffice sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeden z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V podstat\u011b je od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 pou\u017eit\u00ed je natolik vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, \u017ee optimalizace pro n\u011bj nem\u00e1 smysl; zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jako v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad v HaikuPorts se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pot\u0159ebuji uchov\u00e1vat aplikace tam, kde se mi l\u00edb\u00ed, a ne na spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm disku. Disky mi \u010dasto doch\u00e1zej\u00ed m\u00edsto, tak\u017ee mus\u00edm p\u0159ipojit extern\u00ed disk nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159 pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed (v\u0161ech verz\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsem st\u00e1hl). Kdy\u017e p\u0159ipoj\u00edm takov\u00fd disk, aplikace by se m\u011bly spou\u0161t\u011bt dvojit\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm. <em>Haiku uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 star\u00e9 verze bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, ale nev\u00edm, jak je p\u0159em\u00edstit na extern\u00ed disk, a tak\u00e9 jak pot\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u011bt aplikace odtud.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Koment\u00e1\u0159 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Technicky je to u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 s p\u0159\u00edkazem mount. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, GUI pro to ud\u011bl\u00e1me, jakmile se najde dostatek zainteresovan\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nepot\u0159ebuji miliony soubor\u016f rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch po souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fdmi nemohu ru\u010dn\u011b spravovat. Chci jeden soubor na aplikaci, kter\u00fd si mohu snadno st\u00e1hnout, p\u0159esunout, smazat. <em>Na Haiku je tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161en pomoc\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f <code>.hpkg<\/code>, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evedou nap\u0159\u00edklad python z tis\u00edc\u016f soubor\u016f do jednoho. Ale pokud je nap\u0159\u00edklad Scribus, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 python, mus\u00edm se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat alespo\u0148 se dv\u011bma soubory. A mus\u00edm se postarat o to, aby spolupracovaly jejich funk\u010dn\u00ed verze.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/94ccb9d0b693b7411946b432f3d2f347.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>V\u00edce verz\u00ed AppImages spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch vedle sebe na jednom Linuxu<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vzglyad-so-storony-razrabotchika-prilozheniy\">Pohled z pohledu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e aplikac\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se z pohledu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e aplikac\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chci m\u00edt plnou kontrolu nad u\u017eivatelskou zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Nechci b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00fd na opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd mi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, kdy a jak m\u00e1m aplikace vyd\u00e1vat. <em>Na Haiku mohou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pracovat se sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi repozit\u00e1\u0159i hpkg, ale to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si je budou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 muset nastavit ru\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed tuto my\u0161lenku 'm\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed'.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1m str\u00e1nku pro stahov\u00e1n\u00ed na sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce, kde distribuuji <code>.exe<\/code> pro Windows, <code>.dmg<\/code> pro Mac a <code>.AppImage<\/code> pro Linux. A co kdy\u017e chci monetizovat p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce, mo\u017en\u00e1? Co bych m\u011bl um\u00edstit tam pro Haiku? <em>Sta\u010d\u00ed soubor <code>.hpkg<\/code> se z\u00e1vislostmi pouze na HaikuPorts.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>M\u016fj software pot\u0159ebuje specifick\u00e9 verze jin\u00e9ho softwaru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee pro Krita je pot\u0159eba opraven\u00e1 verze Qt, nebo Qt, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobena konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed verzi Krita, alespo\u0148 dokud se opravy nevr\u00e1t\u00ed zp\u011bt do Qt. <em>Mohu zabalit vlastn\u00ed Qt pro aplikaci v bal\u00ed\u010dku <code>.hpkg<\/code>, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to nebude v\u00edt\u00e1no.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/7dcb146d08ebd570899d0d73b6517faa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Obvykl\u00e1 str\u00e1nka pro stahov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace. Co bych m\u011bl zde um\u00edstit pro Haiku?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Budou sady (existuj\u00edc\u00ed ve form\u011b adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f aplikac\u00ed, jako AppDir nebo <code>.*.app<\/code> ve stylu Apple) a\/nebo obrazy (ve form\u011b siln\u011b modifikovan\u00fdch AppImages nebo <code>.dmg<\/code> Je aplikace od Apple u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm dopln\u011bn\u00edm pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed Haiku? Nebo to naru\u0161\u00ed celkov\u00fd obraz a povede k fragmentaci, co\u017e by p\u0159idalo na slo\u017eitosti? Jsem rozpolcen\u00fd: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b kr\u00e1sa a elegantnost Haiku spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee obvykle existuje jeden zp\u016fsob, jak n\u011bco ud\u011blat, nikoli mnoho. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st infrastruktury pro katalogy a\/nebo aplikace u\u017e je na m\u00edst\u011b, tak\u017ee syst\u00e9m vol\u00e1 po tom, aby zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed procenta zaujala sv\u00e1 m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podle v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/u\/f103a52f4b96?source=post_page-----1803a11f9748----------------------\">mr. waddlesplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Na Linuxu jsou (<em>katalogy a sady aplikac\u00ed, pozn. p\u0159ekl.<\/em>) pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b technick\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. V Haiku preferujeme prost\u011b \u0159e\u0161it syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"a-vy-chto-dumaete\">A co vy si o tom mysl\u00edte?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prezhde-chem-otvetite\">Ne\u017e odpov\u00edte\u2026<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po\u010dkejte, ud\u011blejme rychlou kontrolu reality: ve skute\u010dnosti <em>katalogy aplikac\u00ed<\/em> u\u017e jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Haiku:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: bal\u00ed\u010dky aplikac\u00ed Haiku?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/b9d3c8ce130d256bc645bd2ee28905a7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Katalogy aplikac\u00ed u\u017e existuj\u00ed v Haiku, ale zat\u00edm nejsou podporov\u00e1ny v souborov\u00e9m mana\u017eeru.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prost\u011b nejsou tak dob\u0159e podporov\u00e1ny, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v Macintosh Finderu. Jak skv\u011bl\u00e9 by bylo, kdyby m\u011bl katalog QtCreator v lev\u00e9m horn\u00edm rohu n\u00e1zev a ikonu &#171;QtCreator&#187;, spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed aplikaci dvojit\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U\u017e jsem se <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@probonopd\/historic-software-can-your-package-manager-handle-this-86563a46f8b5\">ptal<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Jste si jisti, \u017ee dnes spust\u00edte sv\u00e9 aplikace z p\u0159ed deseti let, kdy\u017e v\u0161echny obchody s aplikacemi a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b distribuc\u00ed na n\u011b zapomenou a na jejich z\u00e1vislostech? Jste si jisti, \u017ee se budete moci p\u0159\u00edstupovat k va\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v budoucnu?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Existuje u\u017e odpov\u011b\u010f od Haiku, nebo mohou katalogy a sady aplikac\u00ed pomoci? Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee mohou.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podle pana waddlesplashe:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ano, m\u00e1me odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku: budeme tyto aplikace podporovat tak dlouho, jak bude pot\u0159eba, dokud n\u011bkdo nebude m\u00edt mo\u017enost spr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst jejich form\u00e1ty soubor\u016f nebo zajistit funk\u010dnost 1:1. N\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1vazek podporovat fungov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed BeOS R5 na Haiku je toho p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u016fkazem\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To je pravda!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kakoy-plan-deystviy-dolzhna-prinyat-haiku\">Jak\u00fd pl\u00e1n by m\u011bl Haiku p\u0159ijmout?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mohu si p\u0159edstavit m\u00edrumilovn\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed hpkg, katalog\u016f a obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd software pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <code>.hpkg<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Pro nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd software (zejm\u00e9na pro ten, kter\u00fd je pot\u0159eba napl\u00e1novat na plovouc\u00ed verze) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <code>.hpkg<\/code> (asi 80 % v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>N\u011bkter\u00e9, nainstalovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <code>.hpkg<\/code>, aplikace budou m\u00edt prosp\u011bch z p\u0159echodu na infrastrukturu s katalogy aplikac\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad QtCreator): budou se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it ve form\u011b <code>.hpkg<\/code>, jako d\u0159\u00edve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>mr. waddlesplash p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pokud je v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete, jen prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed aplikac\u00ed v <code>\/system\/apps<\/code>, m\u00edsto toho by se m\u011bly katalogy v Deskbaru u\u010dinit u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee <code>\/system\/apps<\/code> nen\u00ed ur\u010den k tomu, aby ho u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pravideln\u011b otev\u00edrali a prohl\u00ed\u017eeli (na rozd\u00edl od MacOS). Pro takov\u00e9 situace m\u00e1 Haiku jinou paradigmu, ale tato varianta je ide\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e1.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haiku z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 infrastrukturu pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed, no\u010dn\u00edch, kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edch a testovac\u00edch verz\u00ed softwaru, stejn\u011b jako pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy si u\u017eivatel p\u0159eje je &#171;zmrazit v \u010dase&#187;, pro soukrom\u00fd a intern\u00ed software a dal\u0161\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady pou\u017eit\u00ed (asi 20 % ze v\u0161ech). Tyto obrazy obsahuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 soubory pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikace. <code>.hpkg<\/code>, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, a po dokon\u010den\u00ed aplikace se odpoj\u00ed. (Mo\u017en\u00e1 by spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f mohl um\u00edstit soubory <code>.hpkg<\/code> do obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed, automaticky nebo na \u017e\u00e1dost u\u017eivatele - jako kdy\u017e p\u0159etahujete aplikaci do s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho katalogu nebo na extern\u00ed disk. To je prost\u011b b\u00e1se\u0148! A p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno poezie \u2014 haiku.) Na druhou stranu m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel cht\u00edt nainstalovat obsah obrazu jako soubory<code>.hpkg<\/code>, po \u010dem\u017e budou aktualizov\u00e1ny a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny stejn\u011b, jako by byly nainstalov\u00e1ny p\u0159es HaikuDepot\u2026 Je t\u0159eba uspo\u0159\u00e1dat brainstorm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cit\u00e1t od mr. waddlesplash:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed z extern\u00edch disk\u016f nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. A p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti nastavit v\u00edce &#171;z\u00f3ny&#187; pro pkgman rozhodn\u011b bude dobr\u00e1 funkce.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vyu\u017eije v\u00fdhod hpkg, katalog\u016f a obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed. Ty jsou dobr\u00e9 samostatn\u011b, ale spole\u010dn\u011b se stanou neporaziteln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zaklyuchenie\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pro Haiku existuje infrastruktura, kter\u00e1 poskytuje jednoduch\u00e9 a sofistikovan\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro PC, a daleko p\u0159esahuje to, co je obvykle poskytov\u00e1no pro PC na Linuxu. Syst\u00e9m bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f <code>.hpkg<\/code> \u2014 je jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, ale ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu jsou tak\u00e9 prostoupeny vyt\u0159\u00edbenost\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 podpora katalog\u016f a obraz\u016f aplikac\u00ed by pro Haiku byla prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Jak to nejl\u00e9pe ud\u011blat, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt prodiskutov\u00e1no s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed Haiku, jej\u00ed filozofii a architekturu mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e j\u00e1. Nakonec Haiku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m n\u011bco p\u0159es t\u00fdden. P\u0159esto v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee tento \u010derstv\u00fd pohled bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro design\u00e9ry, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a architekty Haiku. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b bych r\u00e1d slou\u017eil jako jejich \u201etr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd partner\u201c. M\u00e1m v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let praktick\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed s katalogy a sady aplikac\u00ed pro Linux a r\u00e1d bych na\u0161el jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro Haiku, jeho\u017e konceptu, jak si mysl\u00edm, dokonale odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Navrhovan\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nejsou jedin\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi pro probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsem popsal, a pokud t\u00fdm Haiku rozhodne naj\u00edt jin\u00e1, elegantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, budu jen r\u00e1d. <code>hpkg<\/code> je\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ani\u017e by se zm\u011bnil zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm funguje. Ukazuje se, \u017ee t\u00fdm Haiku o sad\u00e1ch aplikac\u00ed uva\u017eoval ji\u017e dlouho p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, ale bohu\u017eel (mysl\u00edm) my\u0161lenka zanikla &#171;v zastaralosti&#187;. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je \u010das ji o\u017eivit?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vyzkou\u0161ejte to sami! Projekt Haiku poskytuje obrazy pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z DVD nebo USB, kter\u00e9 jsou vytv\u00e1\u0159eny <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/download.haiku-os.org\/?source=post_page---------------------------\">denn\u011b<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nM\u00e1te ot\u00e1zky? Zveme v\u00e1s do rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/HaikuOS_RU_chat\">telegramov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ehled chyb: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/pvs-studio\/blog\/461255\/\">Jak si st\u0159elit do nohy v C a C++. Sb\u00edrka recept\u016f Haiku OS<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/Finnix\/\">autora<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159ekladu: je to osm\u00fd a posledn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek cyklu o Haiku.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Seznam \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/461141\/\">Prvn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/461451\/\">Druh\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/462815\/\">T\u0159et\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/463105\/\">\u010ctvrt\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/463803\/\">P\u00e1t\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/464819\/\">\u0160est\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/465241\/\">Sedm\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Pouze registrovan\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit ankety. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">P\u0159ihlaste se<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">M\u00e1 smysl portovat syst\u00e9m hpkg pro Linux?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Ano<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Ne<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Je ji\u017e implementov\u00e1no, nap\u00ed\u0161u v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Hlasovalo 20 u\u017eivatel\u016f. Zdr\u017eelo se 5 u\u017eivatel\u016f.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/466301\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TL;DR: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 Haiku \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u043a\u0430\u043a .app \u0432 Mac) \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (Linux AppImage)? \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f Haiku, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u041d\u0443 \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TL;DR: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 Haiku.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/koe-chto-eshhe-pakety-prilozhenij-haiku\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u0435-\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435: \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Haiku? 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