{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"Implementace DDIO v \u010dipech Intel umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd \u00fatok na z\u00e1klad\u011b sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stisk\u016f kl\u00e1ves b\u011bhem relace SSH.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Skupina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f z Amsterdamsk\u00e9 univerzity a \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly v Curychu vyvinula techniku s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/projects\/netcat\/\">NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (Network Cache ATtack), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pomoc\u00ed metod anal\u00fdzy dat p\u0159es alternativn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly vzd\u00e1len\u011b ur\u010dovat kl\u00e1vesy stisknut\u00e9 u\u017eivatelem b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce v relaci SSH. Probl\u00e9m se projevuje pouze na serverech, kde se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remote_direct_memory_access\">RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Remote direct memory access) a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_memory_access#DDIO\">DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Data-Direct I\/O).<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Intel  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/more-information-netcat\">se domn\u00edv\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex>, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed \u00fatok obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b realizovateln\u00fdm v praxi, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduje, aby \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edstup do m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, steriln\u00ed podm\u00ednky a organizaci spojen\u00ed mezi hostiteli za pou\u017eit\u00ed technologi\u00ed RDMA a DDIO, kter\u00e9 se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v izolovan\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v t\u011bch, kde pracuj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed klastry. Probl\u00e9mu byl p\u0159i\u0159azen n\u00edzk\u00fd \u00farove\u0148 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed (CVSS 2.6, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00290.html\">CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) a doporu\u010duje se nezap\u00ednat DDIO a RDMA v m\u00edstn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde nen\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bna bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra a umo\u017e\u0148uje se p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch klient\u016f.  DDIO je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no v serverov\u00fdch procesorech Intel od roku 2012 (Intel Xeon E5, E7 a SP). Syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na procesorech AMD a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f nejsou touto problematikou posti\u017eeny, proto\u017ee nepodporuj\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch po s\u00edti v CPU cache.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00e1 metoda \u00fatoku p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zranitelnost &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48591\">Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011bnit obsah jednotliv\u00fdch bit\u016f v RAM pomoc\u00ed manipulace s s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi pakety v syst\u00e9mech s RDMA. Nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z \u00fasil\u00ed o minimalizaci zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed mechanismu DDIO, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159\u00edmou interakci s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty a dal\u0161\u00edch perifern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s cache procesoru (b\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty se data ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do cache a z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zp\u011bt z cache bez p\u0159\u00edstupu do pam\u011bti).<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky DDIO se do CPU cache dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 data generovan\u00e1 p\u0159i zlo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b. \u00datok NetCAT vych\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 karty aktivn\u011b ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed data do cache, a rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f v modern\u00edch m\u00edstn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch je dostate\u010dn\u00e1 na to, aby ovlivnila napln\u011bn\u00ed cache a ur\u010dovala p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo nep\u0159\u00edtomnost dat v cache na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy latenc\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159enosu dat. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed interaktivn\u00edch relac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm SSH, je s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd paket odesl\u00e1n ihned po stisknut\u00ed kl\u00e1vesy, tj. zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mezi pakety koreluj\u00ed se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edmi mezi stisky kl\u00e1ves. Pou\u017eit\u00edm statistick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a s ohledem na to, \u017ee zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mezi stisky kl\u00e1ves obvykle z\u00e1vis\u00ed na poloze kl\u00e1vesy na kl\u00e1vesnici, je mo\u017en\u00e9 s ur\u010ditou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed rekonstruovat zadan\u00e9 informace. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed obvykle p\u00ed\u0161e &#171;s&#187; po &#171;a&#187; mnohem rychleji ne\u017e &#171;g&#187; po &#171;s&#187;.<\/p>\n<p>Informace usazuj\u00edc\u00ed se v procesorov\u00e9m cache nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje posoudit p\u0159esn\u00fd \u010das paket\u016f odeslan\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ovou kartou p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed jako SSH. Generov\u00e1n\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00e9ho toku provozu m\u016f\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk ur\u010dit okam\u017eik, kdy se v cache objev\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u00fadaje souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s ur\u010ditou aktivitou v syst\u00e9mu. K anal\u00fdze obsahu cache se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metoda  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7363305\/\">Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje napln\u011bn\u00ed cache referen\u010dn\u00ed sadou hodnot a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed doby p\u0159\u00edstupu k nim p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m napln\u011bn\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem ur\u010den\u00ed zm\u011bn. <\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pasted-image-0-2-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementace DDIO v \u010dipech Intel umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd \u00fatok na z\u00e1klad\u011b sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stisk\u016f kl\u00e1ves b\u011bhem relace SSH.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/94cfe014f7db5a164cfbde4493290c61.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno pou\u017eit\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9 techniky k ur\u010den\u00ed nejen stisk\u016f kl\u00e1ves, ale tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch dat, usazuj\u00edc\u00edch se v cache CPU. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fatok proveden i p\u0159i vypnut\u00ed RDMA, ale bez RDMA se jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost sni\u017euje a realizace se zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuje. Tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed DDIO k organizaci skryt\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k p\u0159enosu \u00fadaj\u016f po kompromitaci serveru obch\u00e1zuj\u00edc\u00edho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"QXut1XBymAk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/QXut1XBymAk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51467\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 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