{"id":38112,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/obzor-kubecost-dlya-ekonomii-sredstv-na-kubernetes-v-oblakah\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:44","slug":"obzor-kubecost-dlya-ekonomii-sredstv-na-kubernetes-v-oblakah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obzor-kubecost-dlya-ekonomii-sredstv-na-kubernetes-v-oblakah","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ehled Kubecost pro \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f na Kubernetes v cloudech","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled Kubecost pro \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f na Kubernetes v cloudech\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/410170787ccdee028c1b918561f15ee0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed svou infrastrukturu z fyzick\u00fdch server\u016f a vlastn\u00edch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f do cloud\u016f. Toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je snadn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit: nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se starat o hardware, cluster je snadno konfigurovateln\u00fd mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby... a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 dostupn\u00e9 technologie (jako Kubernetes) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadno \u0161k\u00e1lovat v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon podle zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ale v\u017edy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd tak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed aspekt. N\u00e1stroj, o kter\u00e9m bude tato zpr\u00e1va, m\u00e1 za c\u00edl pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit rozpo\u010dty p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 infrastruktury s Kubernetes.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubecost.com\/\">Kubecost<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 kalifornsk\u00fd startup od b\u00fdval\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f Google, kter\u00fd vyv\u00edj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na infrastrukturu v cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (uvnit\u0159 clusteru Kubernetes + sd\u00edlen\u00e9 zdroje), hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst v nastaven\u00ed clusteru a zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ozn\u00e1men\u00ed na Slack.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1me klienty s Kubernetes jak v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cloudech AWS a GCP, tak i v m\u00e9n\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro komunitu Linux, Azure \u2014 zkr\u00e1tka na v\u0161ech platform\u00e1ch podporovan\u00fdch Kubecost. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich sledujeme n\u00e1klady na vnitroclustrov\u00e9 slu\u017eby samostatn\u011b (podle metodiky podobn\u00e9 t\u00e9, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Kubecost) a tak\u00e9 monitorujeme n\u00e1klady na infrastrukturu a sna\u017e\u00edme se je optimalizovat. Je tedy logick\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1s zaujala mo\u017enost automatizovat tyto \u00fakoly.<\/p>\n<p>Zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d z\u00e1kladn\u00edho modulu Kubecost je otev\u0159en\u00fd podle podm\u00ednek Open Source licence (Apache License 2.0). M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n voln\u011b a dostupn\u00e9 funkce by m\u011bly b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro mal\u00e9 projekty. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b biznis je biznis: zbytek produktu je uzav\u0159en\u00fd, k n\u011bmu\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159istupovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubecost.com\/pricing\">placen\u00fdch p\u0159edplatn\u00fdch<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed podporu. Krom\u011b toho auto\u0159i nab\u00edzej\u00ed bezplatnou licenci pro mal\u00e9 clustery (1 cluster s 10 uzly \u2014 v dob\u011b psan\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku se tento limit zv\u00fd\u0161il na 20 uzl\u016f) nebo zku\u0161ebn\u00ed obdob\u00ed s pln\u00fdmi funkcemi na 1 m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak to v\u0161echno funguje<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Kubecost je aplikace <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubecost\/cost-model\"><b>cost-model<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>, napsan\u00e1 v Go. Helm chart, kter\u00fd popisuje cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubecost\/cost-analyzer\"><b>cost-analyzer<\/b><\/a><\/noindex> a v podstat\u011b p\u0159edstavuje sestavu z cost-model s Prometheus, Grafana a n\u011bkolika dashboardy.<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u011b m\u00e1 cost-model sv\u016fj webov\u00fd rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zobrazuje grafy a podrobn\u00e9 statistiky o n\u00e1kladech v tabulkov\u00e9 podob\u011b, stejn\u011b jako samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rady pro optimalizaci v\u00fddaj\u016f. Pomoc\u00ed Grafana dashboard\u016f jsou prezentov\u00e1ny d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje Kubecost a obsahuj\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ta sam\u00e1 data, co cost-model, dopln\u011bn\u00e1 o obvyklou statistiku spot\u0159eby CPU\/pam\u011bti\/s\u00edt\u011b\/diskov\u00e9ho prostoru v klastru a jeho komponent\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Jak funguje Kubecost?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Cost-model z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 ceny za slu\u017eby prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm API cloudov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f.<\/li>\n<li> D\u00e1le, v z\u00e1vislosti na typu hardwaru uzlu a regionu, se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 cena za uzly.<\/li>\n<li> Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na pr\u00e1ci uzl\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd pod dostane cenu za hodinu vyu\u017eit\u00ed procesoru, spot\u0159ebu gigabajtu pam\u011bti a cenu hodiny za ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed gigabajtu dat \u2014 v z\u00e1vislosti na uzlu, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017eel, nebo typu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/li>\n<li> Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na pr\u00e1ci jednotliv\u00fdch pod\u016f se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 platba za namespace, slu\u017eby, nasazen\u00ed, StatefulSety.<\/li>\n<li> Pro v\u00fdpo\u010det statistik se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed metriky poskytovan\u00e9 kube-state-metrics a node-exporter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee Kubecost <b>ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed sleduje pouze prost\u0159edky dostupn\u00e9 v Kubernetes<\/b>. Extern\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, servery GitLab, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b S3 a dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 nejsou v klastru (i kdy\u017e se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9 cloudu), nejsou pro n\u011bj viditeln\u00e9. A\u010dkoli pro GCP a AWS lze p\u0159idat kl\u00ed\u010de sv\u00fdch servisn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f a spo\u010d\u00edtat v\u0161e dohromady.<\/p>\n<h2>Instalace<\/h2>\n<p>\nPro spr\u00e1vnou funkci Kubecost jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Kubernetes verze 1.8 a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li> kube-state-metrics;<\/li>\n<li> Prometheus;<\/li>\n<li> node-exporter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTak se stalo, \u017ee v na\u0161ich klastra byla v\u0161echna tato podm\u00ednky spln\u011bna p\u0159edem, tak\u017ee sta\u010dilo pouze uv\u00e9st spr\u00e1vn\u00fd endpoint pro p\u0159\u00edstup k Prometheus. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed Helm chart kubecost obsahuje v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed i na \"hol\u00e9m\" klastru.<\/p>\n<p>Kubecost lze nainstalovat n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> Standardn\u00ed metoda instalace, popsan\u00e1 v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubecost.com\/install?ref=home\">instrukci<\/a><\/noindex> na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e. Je t\u0159eba <b>p\u0159idat do Helm repozit\u00e1\u0159e cost-analyzer, po \u010dem\u017e nainstalovat chart<\/b>. Z\u016fstane jen p\u0159esm\u011brovat si port a doladit nastaven\u00ed do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho stavu ru\u010dn\u011b (p\u0159es kubectl) a\/nebo pomoc\u00ed webov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed cost-model.\n<p>Tento zp\u016fsob jsme ani nezkou\u0161eli, proto\u017ee nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hotov\u00e9 konfigurace, ale vypad\u00e1 to jako dobr\u00e1 mo\u017enost \u201ejen to zkusit pro sebe\u201c. Pokud u\u017e m\u00e1te \u010d\u00e1st komponent\u016f syst\u00e9mu nainstalovanou nebo chcete jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, je lep\u0161\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit druhou cestu.\n<\/li>\n<li> Pou\u017e\u00edvat vlastn\u011b <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubecost\/cost-analyzer-helm-chart\">stejn\u00fd chart<\/a><\/noindex>, ale konfigurovat a nainstalovat jej sami<\/b> jak\u00fdmkoli pohodln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.\n<p>Jak u\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, krom\u011b samotn\u00e9ho kubecostu obsahuje tento chart i chart Grafana a Prometheus, kter\u00e9 lze tak\u00e9 nastavit podle sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00edc\u00ed v chartu <code>values.yaml<\/code> pro cost-analyzer umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavovat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> seznam komponent\u016f cost-analyzer, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba nasadit;<\/li>\n<li> sv\u016fj endpoint pro Prometheus (pokud u\u017e ho m\u00e1te);<\/li>\n<li> dom\u00e9ny a dal\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed ingress\u016f pro cost-model a Grafana;<\/li>\n<li> annotations pro pod\u016f;<\/li>\n<li> nutnost pou\u017e\u00edvat trval\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a jejich velikost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00dapln\u00fd seznam dostupn\u00fdch konfigura\u010dn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed s popisem je k nalezen\u00ed v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubecost\/cost-analyzer-helm-chart\">dokumentaci<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Jeliko\u017e kubecost v z\u00e1kladn\u00ed verzi neum\u00ed omezit p\u0159\u00edstup, bude nutn\u00e9 ihned nastavit basic-auth pro webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed.\n<\/li>\n<li> Nainstalovat <b>pouze j\u00e1dro syst\u00e9mu<\/b> \u2014 cost-model. K tomu je t\u0159eba m\u00edt v clusteru nainstalovan\u00fd Prometheus a uv\u00e9st odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnotu jeho adresy ve\u53d8\u91cf <code>prometheusEndpoint<\/code> pro Helm. Po tom je t\u0159eba aplikovat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubecost\/cost-model\/tree\/master\/kubernetes\">sadu YAML konfigurac\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> v clusteru.\n<p>Op\u011bt bude nutn\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u011b p\u0159idat Ingress s basic-auth. A kone\u010dn\u011b bude pot\u0159eba p\u0159idat sekci pro sb\u011br metrik cost-model do <code>extraScrapeConfigs<\/code> v konfigu Prometheus:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">- job_name: kubecost\n  honor_labels: true\n  scrape_interval: 1m\n  scrape_timeout: 10s\n  metrics_path: \/metrics\n  scheme: http\n  dns_sd_configs:\n  - names:\n    - \n    type: 'A'\n    port: 9003<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Co z\u00edsk\u00e1me?<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159i plnohodnotn\u00e9 instalaci m\u00e1me k dispozici webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed kubecost a Grafana s sadou dashboard\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><b>Celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/b>, zobrazen\u00e9 na hlavn\u00ed obrazovce, vlastn\u011b ukazuje odhadovanou cenu zdroj\u016f za m\u011bs\u00edc. Toto <i>je p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed<\/i> cena, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje n\u00e1klady na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed clusteru (za m\u011bs\u00edc) p\u0159i aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni spot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Tato metrika je v\u00edce pro anal\u00fdzu v\u00fddaj\u016f a jejich optimalizaci. Celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady za abstraktn\u00ed \u010dervenec je v kubecostu sledovat nepohodln\u00e9: na to budete muset <b>j\u00edt do billing<\/b>. Zato m\u016f\u017eete sledovat v\u00fddaje s rozd\u011blen\u00edm podle prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f, \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, pod\u016f za 1\/2\/7\/30\/90 dn\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00e1m billing nikdy neuk\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled Kubecost pro \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f na Kubernetes v cloudech\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/45db0df267d17e2814003580d87b4048.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u <b>\u0161t\u00edtk\u016f<\/b>. Je dobr\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edt do nastaven\u00ed a nastavit n\u00e1zvy \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou pou\u017eity jako dal\u0161\u00ed kategorie pro seskupen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled Kubecost pro \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f na Kubernetes v cloudech\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/d953f8c6205495e43343e97977431ba6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa n\u011b lze p\u0159ipevnit jak\u00e9koli \u0161t\u00edtky \u2014 je to pohodln\u00e9, pokud ji\u017e m\u00e1te vlastn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 lze zm\u011bnit adresu API endpointu, ke kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159ipojuje cost-model, nastavit velikost slevy v GCP a uv\u00e9st vlastn\u00ed ceny za zdroje a m\u011bnu pro jejich m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (tato funkce z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu neovliv\u0148uje celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady).<\/p>\n<p>Kubecost um\u00ed uk\u00e1zat r\u016fzn\u00e9 <b>probl\u00e9my v klastru<\/b> (a dokonce upozornit v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed). Bohu\u017eel, mo\u017enost nen\u00ed konfigurovateln\u00e1, a proto \u2014 pokud m\u00e1te prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na, m\u016f\u017eete neust\u00e1le sledovat n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled Kubecost pro \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f na Kubernetes v cloudech\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/729af727faeb10d1ad0384fb4de121f7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nD\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1stroj \u2014 <b>Cluster Savings<\/b>. M\u011b\u0159\u00ed aktivitu pod\u016f (spot\u0159ebu zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch), a tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, kolik pen\u011bz a na \u010dem lze u\u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee rady pro optimalizaci jsou docela z\u0159ejm\u00e9, av\u0161ak zku\u0161enost nazna\u010duje, \u017ee i tak je na co se zam\u011b\u0159it. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se sleduje s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 aktivita pod\u016f (Kubecost doporu\u010duje zam\u011b\u0159it pozornost na neaktivn\u00ed), porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 se po\u017eadovan\u00e1 a skute\u010dn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti a CPU, stejn\u011b jako CPU pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 uzly klastru (navrhuje slou\u010dit n\u011bkolik uzl\u016f do jednoho), z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na disky a je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako u jak\u00e9hokoli t\u00e9matu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se optimalizace, k optimalizaci zdroj\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat z Kubecost je t\u0159eba <b>p\u0159istupovat opatrn\u011b<\/b>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Cluster Savings navrhuje odstranit uzly, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je to bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, av\u0161ak nezohled\u0148uje existenci node-selector\u016f a taint\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed nasazen\u00e9 pody na t\u011bchto uzlech a kter\u00e9 nejsou na ostatn\u00edch uzlech. A v\u016fbec, i auto\u0159i produktu ve sv\u00e9m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.kubecost.com\/blog\/cost-monitoring\/\">ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex> (mimochodem, m\u016f\u017ee se uk\u00e1zat jako velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o t\u00e9ma projektu) doporu\u010duj\u00ed nesk\u00e1kat po hlav\u011b do optimalizace n\u00e1klad\u016f, ale p\u0159istupovat k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce promy\u0161len\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo m\u011bs\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kubecost na n\u011bkolika projektech m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je to zaj\u00edmav\u00fd (a tak\u00e9 snadno ovladateln\u00fd a instalovateln\u00fd) n\u00e1stroj pro anal\u00fdzu a optimalizaci n\u00e1klad\u016f na slu\u017eby cloudov\u00fdch provider\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro Kubernetes klastry. V\u00fdpo\u010dty jsou velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9: v na\u0161ich experimentech se shodovaly s t\u00edm, co skute\u010dn\u011b po\u017eadovali poskytovatel\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Neobe\u0161lo se to v\u0161ak bez nedostatk\u016f: existuj\u00ed drobn\u00e9 chyby, funk\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti ob\u010das nepokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby n\u011bkter\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Pokud ale pot\u0159ebujete rychle pochopit, kam pen\u00edze sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed a co lze \"u\u0161et\u0159it\", abyste stabiln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eili \u00fa\u010det za cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby o 5-30 % (co\u017e se v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poda\u0159ilo), je to skv\u011bl\u00e1 volba.<\/p>\n<h2>P.S.<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 blog:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/459326\/\">Automatick\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1va zdroj\u016f v Kubernetes (p\u0159ehled a video prezentace)<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/460877\/\">Kubernetes dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Dailymotion: vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury v cloudech + on-premises<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/432748\/\">Kubernetes tipy a triky: o vy\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed uzl\u016f a o z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00edch na webovou aplikaci<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/466659\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2026 \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 (\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 Kubernetes) \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obzor-kubecost-dlya-ekonomii-sredstv-na-kubernetes-v-oblakah\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" 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