{"id":38459,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:50","slug":"veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis","title":{"rendered":"Webov\u00fd server na CentOS 8 s php7, node.js a redis","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>\nU\u017e dva dny je k dispozici nov\u00e1 verze opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu CentOS, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b CentOS 8. A zat\u00edm na internetu nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f na t\u00e9ma, jak na n\u011bm n\u011bco ud\u011blat, proto jsem se rozhodl tento nedostatek odstranit. P\u0159edstav\u00edm jak instalaci t\u00e9to dvojice aplikac\u00ed, tak i to, jak obecn\u011b vid\u00edm instalaci Linuxu do virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00fakoly, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011blen\u00ed disk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>Ale na za\u010d\u00e1tku bych cht\u011bl stru\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ej\u00edt na tuto verzi ze v\u0161ech p\u0159edchoz\u00edch a d\u016fvod\u016f je hned n\u011bkolik.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>php7! V p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi CentOS se instaloval 'ortodoxn\u00ed' php5.4\u2026\n<p>Dob\u0159e, pokud to vezmeme v\u00e1\u017en\u011bji, mnoho bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f p\u0159esko\u010dilo n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed najednou. My (p\u0159\u00edznivci redhatovsk\u00fdch OS) jsme kone\u010dn\u011b vstoupili, pokud ne do budoucnosti, tak alespo\u0148 do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. A p\u0159\u00edznivci Ubuntu se u\u017e nebudou sm\u00e1t a ukazovat na n\u00e1s prstem, no\u2026 alespo\u0148 na n\u011bjakou dobu ;).<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159echod z yum na dnf. Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nyn\u00ed je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podporov\u00e1na pr\u00e1ce se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi verzemi bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. P\u0159esn\u011b v osmi\u010dce jsem to zat\u00edm nepot\u0159eboval, ale zn\u00ed to slibn\u011b. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje<\/h2>\n<p>\nHypervizory jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 a nem\u00e1m za c\u00edl \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e zam\u011b\u0159it na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, pov\u00edm o obecn\u00fdch principech.<\/p>\n<h3>Pam\u011b\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed\u2026 Pro instalaci syst\u00e9mu CentOS od verze 7 rozhodn\u011b, a mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to bylo i v 6, je t\u0159eba <i>minimum<\/i> 2 GB RAM. Proto doporu\u010duji na za\u010d\u00e1tek tolik p\u0159id\u011blit.<\/p>\n<p>Ale pokud jde o to, po instalaci lze objem pam\u011bti sn\u00ed\u017eit. Na 1 GB b\u011b\u017e\u00ed hol\u00fd syst\u00e9m docela norm\u00e1ln\u011b, ov\u011b\u0159il jsem si to.<\/p>\n<h3>Disk<\/h3>\n<p>\nPro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed instalaci by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk o velikosti 20-30 GB. Na syst\u00e9m to sta\u010d\u00ed. A druh\u00fd disk pro data. Ten lze p\u0159idat bu\u010f p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje, nebo pozd\u011bji. Obvykle p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1m pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<h3>Procesor<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa jednom j\u00e1dru hol\u00fd syst\u00e9m nezpomaluje. A proto\u017ee zdroje se voln\u011b \u0161k\u00e1luj\u00ed, nem\u00e1 smysl d\u00e1vat v\u00edc p\u0159i instalaci (pokud p\u0159esn\u011b nezn\u00e1te po\u017eadavky a nezleniv\u00edte se j\u00edt znovu do konfigur\u00e1toru).<\/p>\n<p>Ostatn\u00ed obvykle lze ponechat ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed. <\/p>\n<h2>Vlastn\u011b instalace<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee\u2026 Spou\u0161t\u00edme instala\u010dn\u00ed program\u2026 Osobn\u011b u\u017e dlouho instaluj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby pouze jako virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, tak\u017ee nebudu popisovat vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1znamu distribuce na flash disk \u2014 jednodu\u0161e montuji ISO jako CD v obl\u00edben\u00e9m hypervizoru, spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a jdeme na to. <\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed instalace prob\u00edh\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b typicky, zastav\u00edm se pouze u n\u011bkolika bod\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br zdroje <\/h3>\n<p>\nOd vyd\u00e1n\u00ed osm\u00e9 verze zrcadlo od Yandexu nefunguje u\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. No, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se ob\u010das obnoven\u00ed, a pak zase za\u010dne ukazovat chybu. Jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee je to kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed slu\u017eby. Proto abych ur\u010dil zdroj, musel jsem m\u00edsto obvykl\u00e9 adresy j\u00edt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centos.org\/download\/mirrors\/\">tady<\/a><\/noindex>, vybrat tam zrcadlo, kter\u00e9 se mi l\u00edb\u00ed a manu\u00e1ln\u011b zadat adresu v okn\u011b instal\u00e1toru. Zde je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si pamatovat, \u017ee je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st cestu k t\u00e9 slo\u017ece, kde le\u017e\u00ed katalog <b>repodata<\/b>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mirror.corbina.net\/pub\/Linux\/centos\/8\/BaseOS\/x86_64\/os\/\">mirror.corbina.net\/pub\/Linux\/centos\/8\/BaseOS\/x86_64\/os<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed disku<\/h3>\n<p>\nTato ot\u00e1zka je sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 z m\u00e9ho pohledu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd administr\u00e1tor m\u00e1 na to sv\u016fj postoj. Ale p\u0159esto se pod\u011bl\u00edm o sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor. <\/p>\n<p>Ano, v podstat\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete cel\u00e9 m\u00edsto vyhradit pro ko\u0159en a v\u011bt\u0161inou to bude fungovat docela dob\u0159e. Pro\u010d tedy vysazovat zahradu s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi odd\u00edly? \u2014 Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro to jsou podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru dva: kv\u00f3ty a p\u0159enositelnost. <\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud se n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed a na hlavn\u00edm odd\u00edle s daty vzniknou chyby, cht\u011bl bych m\u00edt mo\u017enost i tak na\u010d\u00edst syst\u00e9m a prov\u00e9st z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 akce. Proto osobn\u011b vy\u010dle\u0148uji samostatn\u00fd odd\u00edl pro \/boot. Tam le\u017e\u00ed j\u00e1dro a zav\u00e1d\u011b\u010d. Obvykle sta\u010d\u00ed 500 MB, ale ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba v\u00edce, a vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee u\u017e jsme si zvykli m\u011b\u0159it m\u00edsto terabajty, vy\u010dle\u0148uji pro tento odd\u00edl 2 GB. A d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee ho nelze d\u011blat jako lvm.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le n\u00e1sleduje ko\u0159en syst\u00e9mu. Pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed instalaci jsem nikdy nepot\u0159eboval v\u00edce ne\u017e 4 GB pr\u00e1v\u011b pro syst\u00e9m, ale b\u011bhem pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch akc\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m katalog \/tmp pro rozbalov\u00e1n\u00ed distribuc\u00ed, a vy\u010dle\u0148ovat ho pod samostatn\u00fd odd\u00edl ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl \u2014 v modern\u00edch syst\u00e9mech se automaticky \u010dist\u00ed, tak\u017ee se nepln\u00ed. Tak\u017ee pro ko\u0159en vy\u010dle\u0148uji 8 GB.<\/p>\n<p>Swap\u2026 V podstat\u011b m\u00e1 z n\u011bho m\u00e1lo praktick\u00e9ho u\u017eitku. Pokud v\u00e1\u0161 server za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat swap, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b to dnes znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je t\u0159eba p\u0159idat v\u00edce opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Jinak budou probl\u00e9my s rychlost\u00ed zaru\u010deny (bu\u010f n\u011bjak\u00fd program m\u00e1 \"\u00fanik\" pam\u011bti). Proto je tato \u010d\u00e1st pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pouze pro diagnostiku. Tak\u017ee 2 GB je skv\u011bl\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Ano, bez ohledu na to, kolik pam\u011bti m\u00e1te na serveru. Ano, \u010detl jsem v\u0161echny ty \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed o pom\u011bru objemu pam\u011bti k objemu swapu\u2026 IMHO, jsou zastaral\u00e9. Za 10 let praxe mi to nikdy nep\u0159i\u0161lo vhod. P\u0159ed 15 lety jsem je pou\u017e\u00edval, ano. <\/p>\n<p>Zda vy\u010dlenit \/home do samostatn\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu, IMHO, si ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout s\u00e1m. Pokud n\u011bkdo tento katalog na serveru bude aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat, je lep\u0161\u00ed ho vy\u010dlenit. Pokud nikdo \u2014 nen\u00ed t\u0159eba.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le, \/var. Podle m\u011b je nutn\u00e9 ho vy\u010dlenit. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u016f\u017eete omezit \u010d\u00edslo na 4 GB, a d\u00e1l se uvid\u00ed. A ano, pod \"jak se to vyvine\" mysl\u00edm to, \u017ee<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Za prv\u00e9, v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159imontovat jin\u00fd disk do podadres\u00e1\u0159e \/var (co\u017e uk\u00e1\u017eu d\u00e1le na p\u0159\u00edkladu)<\/li>\n<li>Za druh\u00e9, m\u00e1me p\u0159eci lvm \u2014 v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159idat. A obvykle je t\u0159eba p\u0159id\u00e1vat tehdy, kdy\u017e se za\u010dnou hromadit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho log\u016f. Ale p\u0159edem tuto hodnotu nikdy nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m s 2 GB a pak se d\u00edv\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nNerozd\u011blen\u00e9 m\u00edsto z\u016fstane voln\u00e9 ve skupin\u011b svazk\u016f, to se d\u00e1 potom v\u017edy vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<h4>LVM<\/h4>\n<p>\n<b>V\u0161e<\/b> odd\u00edly krom\u011b \/boot m\u00e1 smysl ud\u011blat v LVM. Ano, v\u010detn\u011b swapu. Ano, swap podle v\u0161ech rad by m\u011bl b\u00fdt na za\u010d\u00e1tku disku, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b LVM jeho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v z\u00e1sad\u011b ur\u010dit. Ale jak jsem ji\u017e napsal v\u00fd\u0161e, v\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m <i>by nem\u011bla<\/i> nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 swap v\u016fbec. A proto nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Ne\u017eijeme p\u0159ece v roce 95, opravdu!<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le, v LVM existuje n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch entit, se kter\u00fdmi je t\u0159eba um\u011bt \u017e\u00edt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> fyzi\u010dt\u011bm svazek<\/li>\n<li> skupina svazk\u016f<\/li>\n<li> logick\u00fd svazek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nFyzick\u00e9 svazky se spojuj\u00ed do skupin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd fyzick\u00fd svazek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze v jedn\u00e9 skupin\u011b, a skupina m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bna na n\u011bkolika fyzick\u00fdch svazc\u00edch sou\u010dasn\u011b. <br \/>\nA logick\u00e9 svazky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e1 v jedn\u00e9 skupin\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Ale\u2026 m\u00e1me, sakra, 21. stolet\u00ed. A virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery. Nem\u00e1 smysl pou\u017e\u00edvat na n\u011b stejn\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity na fyzick\u00fdch. Pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt data odd\u011blen\u011b od syst\u00e9mu! To je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro rychl\u00e9 p\u0159epnut\u00ed dat na jinou virtu\u00e1lku (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na nov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m) a v\u016fbec r\u016fzn\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 funkce (odd\u011blen\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy odd\u00edly pomoc\u00ed hypervisoru nap\u0159\u00edklad). Proto jedna skupina svazk\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro syst\u00e9m a druh\u00e1 se mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat pro data! Toto logick\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed velmi pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v praktick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b!<\/p>\n<p>Pokud jste p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje vytvo\u0159ili pouze jeden virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk, t\u00edmto konfigurace kon\u010d\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1te dva, jednodu\u0161e zat\u00edm neanalyzujte druh\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><b>Spou\u0161t\u00edme instalaci.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Po instalaci<\/h2>\n<p>\nTak, kone\u010dn\u011b se na\u010detl nov\u011b nainstalovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou je t\u0159eba zkontrolovat \u2014 internet. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ping ya.ru<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nJe odpov\u011b\u010f? \u2014 Skv\u011ble, stiskn\u011bte Ctrl-C.<br \/>\nPokud ne \u2014 nastavte s\u00ed\u0165, bez toho se ned\u00e1 \u017e\u00edt, ale \u010dl\u00e1nek nen\u00ed o tom.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed, pokud nejsme jako root, p\u0159ihlaste se jako root, proto\u017ee zad\u00e1vat <i>takov\u00e9<\/i> mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f s sudo se mi osobn\u011b nechce (a a\u0165 mi prominou paranoidn\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo -i<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNyn\u00ed nejprve zad\u00e1me<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf -y update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA pokud \u010dtete tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v roce 2019, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se nic nestane, ale st\u00e1lo to za pokus. <\/p>\n<h3>Nyn\u00ed nakonfigurujeme zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed disk<\/h3>\n<p>\nP\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee odd\u00edl se syst\u00e9mem byl xvda, pak disk s daty bude xvdb. OK.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina tip\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy \u201eSpus\u0165te fdisk a vytvo\u0159te odd\u00edl\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee tohle <i>nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b<\/i>!<\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b jednou to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, proto\u017ee je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9! V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pro pr\u00e1ci s LVM, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edr\u00e1 jeden cel\u00fd, by\u0165 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk, je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f na n\u011bm \u0161kodliv\u00e9! V t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo. Pokud pracujeme bez LVM \u2014 je to nutn\u00e9. Pokud m\u00e1me na disku nap\u0159\u00edklad syst\u00e9m a data \u2014 je to nutn\u00e9. Pokud z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu chceme polovinu disku nechat pr\u00e1zdnou \u2014 tak\u00e9 je to nutn\u00e9. Ale obvykle jsou v\u0161echna tato p\u0159edpoklady ryze teoretick\u00e1. Proto\u017ee pokud se rozhodneme p\u0159idat m\u00edsto k existuj\u00edc\u00edmu odd\u00edlu, je nejsnaz\u0161\u00ed to prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i takov\u00e9 konfiguraci. A pohodl\u00ed v administraci tak p\u0159eva\u017euje nad mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi, \u017ee se c\u00edlen\u011b propracov\u00e1v\u00e1me k t\u00e9to konfiguraci.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee pokud chcete roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it datovou \u010d\u00e1st, jednodu\u0161e p\u0159id\u00e1te m\u00edsto do virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho odd\u00edlu, pot\u00e9 skupinu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edte pomoc\u00ed vgextend a hotovo! Vz\u00e1cn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159eba n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, ale minim\u00e1ln\u011b nemus\u00edte roz\u0161i\u0159ovat na za\u010d\u00e1tku logick\u00fd svazek, co\u017e je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Doporu\u010duje se toti\u017e p\u0159i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto svazku nejprve odstranit existuj\u00edc\u00ed a pot\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd... Co\u017e nevypad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hezky a nelze to prov\u00e9st za chodu, zat\u00edmco roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podle sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00edm, lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u201eza b\u011bhu\u201c bez nutnosti odpojit odd\u00edl. <\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme fyzick\u00fd svazek, pot\u00e9 skupinu svazk\u016f, do kter\u00e9 je zahrnut a nakonec odd\u00edl pro n\u00e1\u0161 server:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">pvcreate \/dev\/xvdb\nvgcreate data \/dev\/xvdb\nlvcreate -n www -L40G data\nmke2fs -t ext4 \/dev\/mapper\/data-www\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZde m\u00edsto velk\u00e9ho p\u00edsmene \u201eL\u201c (a velikosti v GB) m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt mal\u00e9 a potom m\u00edsto absolutn\u00ed velikosti uv\u00e9st relativn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro pou\u017eit\u00ed poloviny voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ve skupin\u011b svazk\u016f je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st \u201e-l +50%FREE\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>A posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz form\u00e1tuje odd\u00edl do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ext4 (kter\u00fd podle m\u00e9 praxe dosud vykazuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stabilitu v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se n\u011bco pokazilo, proto ho preferuji).<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipojujeme odd\u00edl na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. K tomu p\u0159id\u00e1me spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek do \/etc\/fstab:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/mapper\/data-www    \/var\/www                ext4    defaults        1 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA zad\u00e1v\u00e1me <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mount \/var\/www<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPokud se objev\u00ed chyba \u2014 zm\u011bn\u00edme to! Proto\u017ee to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1me chybu v \/etc\/fstab. A p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed restartu budeme m\u00edt velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Syst\u00e9m se m\u016f\u017ee dokonce nespustit, co\u017e je pro cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010dasto velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Proto je t\u0159eba bu\u010f rychle opravit posledn\u00ed p\u0159idan\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek, nebo ho \u00fapln\u011b odstranit! Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jsme nezapsali p\u0159\u00edkaz pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b \u2014 v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bychom nem\u011bli tak skv\u011blou mo\u017enost prov\u00e9st kontrolu konfigura\u010dn\u00edch soubor\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed vlastn\u011b instalujeme v\u0161echno, co jsme cht\u011bli, a otev\u00edr\u00e1me porty pro web:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf groupinstall \"Development Tools\"\ndnf -y install httpd @nodejs @redis php\nfirewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent\nfirewall-cmd --add-service https --permanent\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPokud si p\u0159ejete, m\u016f\u017eete sem tak\u00e9 um\u00edstit datab\u00e1zi, ale osobn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00edm ji dr\u017eet odd\u011blen\u011b od webov\u00e9ho serveru. I kdy\u017e ji m\u00edt bl\u00edzko je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, ano. Rychlost virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch adapt\u00e9r\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykle kolem gigabitu a kdy\u017e pracujete na stejn\u00e9m stroji, po\u017eadavky prob\u00edhaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b. Ale na druhou stranu je to m\u00e9n\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Tady z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, co je pro koho d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1me parametr do konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru (vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme nov\u00fd, modern\u00ed ideologie CentOS je takov\u00e1)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"vm.overcommit_memory = 1\" &gt; \/etc\/sysctl.d\/98-sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRestartujeme server. <br \/>\nV koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch m\u011b kritizovali za radu vypnout SeLinux, tak\u017ee se naprav\u00edm a nap\u00ed\u0161u, \u017ee po tomto nezapome\u0148te nastavit SeLinux. <br \/>\n<b>Vlastn\u011b, profit! \ud83d\ude42<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/469097\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 2 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b CentOS, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, CentOS 8. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 2 \u0434\u043d\u044f 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