{"id":38542,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/giperkonvergentnoe-reshenie-aerodisk-vair-osnova-fajlovaya-sistema-ardfs\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:25","slug":"giperkonvergentnoe-reshenie-aerodisk-vair-osnova-fajlovaya-sistema-ardfs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/giperkonvergentnoe-reshenie-aerodisk-vair-osnova-fajlovaya-sistema-ardfs","title":{"rendered":"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/809494456b3396d25c138ee37b70a878.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ahoj, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i Habr. T\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem zahajujeme cyklus, kter\u00fd bude vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o na\u0161\u00ed vyvinut\u00e9 hyperkonvergentn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu AERODISK vAIR. P\u016fvodn\u011b jsme cht\u011bli v prvn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku \u0159\u00edci v\u0161echno o v\u0161em, ale syst\u00e9m je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd, tak\u017ee ho budeme \u201ej\u00edst\u201c po \u010d\u00e1stech. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dneme vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed histori\u00ed vzniku syst\u00e9mu, podrob\u00edme se souborov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu ARDFS, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad vAIR, a tak\u00e9 si trochu popov\u00edd\u00e1me o um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na rusk\u00e9m trhu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch budeme podrobn\u011bji vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o r\u016fzn\u00fdch architektonick\u00fdch komponent\u00e1ch (klastr, hypervisor, vyrovn\u00e1va\u010d zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m atd.), procesu konfigurace, zvedneme ot\u00e1zky licencov\u00e1n\u00ed, samostatn\u011b uk\u00e1\u017eeme crash testy a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nap\u00ed\u0161eme o z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed a sizingu. Tak\u00e9 samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u011bnujeme komunitn\u00ed verzi vAIR.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"aerodisk---eto-vrode-istoriya-pro-shd-ili-zachem-my-voobsche-nachali-zanimatsya-giperkonvergentom\">AERODISK \u2013 je to sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o storage? Nebo pro\u010d jsme se v\u016fbec za\u010dali zab\u00fdvat hyperkonvergenc\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u011b n\u00e1s my\u0161lenka vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed hyperkonvergenci napadla n\u011bkdy kolem roku 2010. Tehdy na trhu je\u0161t\u011b nebyl ani AERODISK, ani podobn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (komer\u010dn\u00ed boxy hyperkonvergentn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f). Na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo ud\u011blat roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b z mno\u017estv\u00ed server\u016f s m\u00edstn\u00edmi disky, slou\u010den\u00fdch interkonektem pomoc\u00ed protokolu Ethernet, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 spou\u0161t\u011bt virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje a softwarovou s\u00ed\u0165. To v\u0161e bylo pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 realizovat bez storage (proto\u017ee na storage a jej\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed prost\u011b nebyly pen\u00edze, a vlastn\u00ed storage jsme tehdy je\u0161t\u011b nevymysleli).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vyzkou\u0161eli jsme mnoho open source \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a p\u0159ece jsme tuto \u00falohu vy\u0159e\u0161ili, ale \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 a t\u011b\u017eko se opakovalo. Krom\u011b toho, toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo ze s\u00e9rie \u201eFunguje? Ne\u0159e\u0161!\u201c. Tak\u017ee pot\u00e9, co jsme vy\u0159e\u0161ili tuto \u00falohu, jsme se d\u00e1l nerozhodli vyv\u00edjet my\u0161lenku p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledku na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na plnohodnotn\u00fd produkt. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po t\u00e9to zku\u0161enosti jsme se od t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky odklonili, ale st\u00e1le n\u00e1s neopustila p\u0159edstava, \u017ee tento \u00fakol lze vy\u0159e\u0161it a p\u0159\u00ednos takov\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je v\u00edce ne\u017e z\u0159ejm\u00fd. V budoucnu vydan\u00e9 HCI produkty zahrani\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed tento pocit jen potvrdily. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V polovin\u011b roku 2016 jsme se tedy vr\u00e1tili k tomuto \u00fakolu v r\u00e1mci vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9ho produktu. Tehdy jsme je\u0161t\u011b nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vztahy s investory, proto jsme museli koupit v\u00fdvojov\u00fd st\u00e1n za sv\u00e9 pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Po sehn\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch server\u016f a switch\u016f na Avitu jsme se pustili do pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/86b0eb90816192743f05902a5881847c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv jednoduch\u00fd, souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd by mohl automaticky a rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011blovat data ve form\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch blok\u016f na n-nom po\u010dtu uzl\u016f clusteru, kter\u00e9 byly spojeny interkonnektem p\u0159es Ethernet. P\u0159itom by se m\u011bl syst\u00e9m snadno a dob\u0159e \u0161k\u00e1lovat a b\u00fdt nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, tj. b\u00fdt vy\u010dlen\u011bn od vAIR ve form\u011b \"pouhozemn\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b\".<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5a99e35565ddd3441dcb29e9124b465b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed koncept vAIR<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/b5c891d8728e4fcd1173b8eccbb9b3a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Od z\u00e1m\u011bru pou\u017e\u00edt hotov\u00e1 open source \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro organizaci distribuovan\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b (ceph, gluster, lustre a podobn\u011b) jsme se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vzdali ve prosp\u011bch na\u0161eho vlastn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje, proto\u017ee jsme ji\u017e m\u011bli s nimi mnoho projektov\u00e9ho zku\u0161enosti. Tyto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sama o sob\u011b jsou bezpochyby skv\u011bl\u00e1 a p\u0159ed prac\u00ed na Aerodisku jsme s nimi realizovali n\u011bkolik integra\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Ale jedno je realizovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fakol pro jednoho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, vycvi\u010dit person\u00e1l a mo\u017en\u00e1 zakoupit podporu od velk\u00e9ho dodavatele, a \u00fapln\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho je vytvo\u0159it snadno reprodukovateln\u00fd produkt, kter\u00fd bude pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly, o kter\u00fdch mo\u017en\u00e1 jako dodavatel ani nebudeme v\u011bd\u011bt. Pro druh\u00fd c\u00edl n\u00e1m nevyhovovaly st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed open source produkty, a tak jsme se rozhodli vyvinout distribuovan\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m sami.<br \/>\nZa dva roky d\u00edky \u00fasil\u00ed n\u011bkolika v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f (kte\u0159\u00ed kombinovali pr\u00e1ci na vAIR s prac\u00ed na klasick\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti Engine) dos\u00e1hli ur\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Do roku 2018 jsme napsali nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a doplnili ho o pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m spojoval fyzick\u00e9 (lok\u00e1ln\u00ed) disky z r\u016fzn\u00fdch server\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00edho interkonektu do jednoho ploch\u00e9ho poolu a \"kr\u00e1jel\" je na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed bloky, ze kter\u00fdch byla d\u00e1le vytv\u00e1\u0159ena blokov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s ur\u010ditou \u00farovn\u00ed odolnosti proti chyb\u00e1m, na kter\u00fdch byly pomoc\u00ed hypervisoru KVM vytv\u00e1\u0159eny a provozov\u00e1ny virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1zev souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jsme nekomplikovali a jednodu\u0161e jsme ho nazvali ARDFS (uhodn\u011bte, co to znamen\u00e1))<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento prototyp vypadal dob\u0159e (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ne vizu\u00e1ln\u011b, tehdy je\u0161t\u011b nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed) a vykazoval dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky co se t\u00fd\u010de v\u00fdkonu a \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnosti. Po prvn\u00edm re\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdsledku jsme dali tomuto projektu zelenou, zorganizovali jsme plnohodnotn\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdval pouze vAIR.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla dokon\u010dena celkov\u00e1 architektura \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dodnes neprod\u011blala v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pogruzhaemsya-v-faylovuyu-sistemu-ardfs\">Nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme do souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ARDFS<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ARDFS je z\u00e1kladem vAIR, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje distribuovan\u00e9 a redundantn\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed dat cel\u00e9ho clusteru. Jednou z (ale ne jedinou) charakteristik ARDFS je to, \u017ee nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"dedikovan\u00fdch server\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"782\">dedikovan\u00fdch server\u016f<\/a> pod metou a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. To bylo zam\u00fd\u0161leno p\u016fvodn\u011b pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed konfigurace \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a pro jeho spolehlivost. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"struktura-hraneniya\">Struktura ulo\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci v\u0161ech uzl\u016f clusteru ARDFS organizuje logick\u00fd pool z cel\u00e9ho dostupn\u00e9ho diskov\u00e9ho prostoru. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee pool \u2013 to je\u0161t\u011b nejsou data a neform\u00e1tovan\u00fd prostor, ale pouze rozd\u011blen\u00ed, tedy jak\u00e9koliv uzly s nainstalovan\u00fdm vAIRem se p\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed do clusteru automaticky p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed do spole\u010dn\u00e9ho poolu ARDFS a diskov\u00e9 zdroje se automaticky st\u00e1vaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdmi pro cel\u00fd cluster (a dostupn\u00fdmi pro budouc\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed dat). Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje za chodu p\u0159id\u00e1vat a odeb\u00edrat uzly bez v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho vlivu na ji\u017e funguj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Tedy syst\u00e9m se velmi snadno \u0161k\u00e1luje v \"cihl\u00e1ch\", p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nebo odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm uzl\u016f v clusteru podle pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na pool ARDFS se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disky (objekty ulo\u017een\u00ed pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje), kter\u00e9 se sestavuj\u00ed z virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch blok\u016f o velikosti 4 megabajty. Na virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch disc\u00edch se p\u0159\u00edmo ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed data. Na \u00farovni virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch disk\u016f je takt\u00e9\u017e nastavena sch\u00e9ma redundance. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak u\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 odhadnout, pro odolnost diskov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me koncept RAID (Redundant array of independent Disks), ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me RAIN (Redundant array of independent Nodes). Tedy, odolnost je m\u011b\u0159ena, automatizov\u00e1na a \u0159\u00edzena na z\u00e1klad\u011b uzl\u016f, nikoli disk\u016f. Disky jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 objektem \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, jsou, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed, monitorov\u00e1ny, lze s nimi prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161echny standardn\u00ed operace, v\u010detn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho hardwarov\u00e9ho RAIDu, ale klastry pracuj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b s uzly. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V situaci, kdy velmi tou\u017e\u00edte po RAIDu (nap\u0159\u00edklad sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd podporuje v\u00edce selh\u00e1n\u00ed na mal\u00fdch klastrech), nic nebr\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch RAID \u0159adi\u010d\u016f, a nad nimi vytvo\u0159it rozlo\u017een\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a RAIN architekturu. Takov\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je zcela \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd a je n\u00e1mi podporov\u00e1n, proto o n\u011bm budeme hovo\u0159it v \u010dl\u00e1nku o typick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch pou\u017eit\u00ed vAIR.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"shemy-otkazoustoychivosti-hranilischa\">Sch\u00e9mata odolnosti \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b sch\u00e9mata odolnosti virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch disk\u016f v vAIR:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>1) Replication factor neboli jednodu\u0161e replikace \u2013 tato metoda odolnosti je jednoduch\u00e1 \u201ejako klacek a provaz\u201c. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 synchronn\u00ed replikace mezi uzly s faktorem 2 (2 kopie na klastru) nebo 3 (3 kopie, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem). RF-2 umo\u017e\u0148uje virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu disku vydr\u017eet selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho uzlu v klastru, ale \u201ese\u017eere\u201c polovinu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho objemu, zat\u00edmco RF-3 vydr\u017e\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed 2 uzl\u016f v klastru, ale rezervuje si ji\u017e 2\/3 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho objemu pro sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Toto sch\u00e9ma velmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 RAID-1, tedy virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk nakonfigurovan\u00fd na RF-2 je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli jednoho uzlu klastru. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude s daty v\u0161echno v po\u0159\u00e1dku a dokonce i vstup-v\u00fdstup se nezastav\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se selhan\u00fd uzel vr\u00e1t\u00ed do provozu, za\u010dne automatick\u00e9 obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed\/synchronizace dat. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny p\u0159\u00edklady rozlo\u017een\u00ed dat RF-2 a RF-3 v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m provozu a v situaci selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1me virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj o velikosti 8 MB unik\u00e1tn\u00edch (u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch) dat, kter\u00fd b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na 4 nod\u00e1ch vAIR. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nebude tak mal\u00fd objem, ale pro sch\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed logiku fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ARDFS, je tento p\u0159\u00edklad nejl\u00e9pe pochopiteln\u00fd. AB \u2013 jsou virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed bloky po 4 MB, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed data virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje. P\u0159i RF-2 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dv\u011b kopie t\u011bchto blok\u016f A1+A2 a B1+B2, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u011b. Tyto bloky jsou \u201erozd\u011bleny\u201c mezi nody, aby se vyhnuly p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch dat na jedn\u00e9 nod\u011b, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kopie A1 nebude na jedn\u00e9 nod\u011b s kopi\u00ed A2. S B1 a B2 obdobn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/9cac2866730b39d7d1d2c9fac931394a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z nod (nap\u0159\u00edklad nody \u010d. 3, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kopie B1), bude tato kopie automaticky aktivov\u00e1na na nod\u011b, kde nen\u00ed kopie jej\u00ed kopie (to znamen\u00e1 kopie B2). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/23fdd1aebb86f601460d17887a7fa597.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky tomu virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk (a VM, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u011b) snadno p\u0159e\u017eije selh\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 nod v sch\u00e9matu RF-2.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00e9ma s replikac\u00ed, i p\u0159es svou jednoduchost a spolehlivost, trp\u00ed stejnou nev\u00fdhodou jako RAID1 \u2013 m\u00e1lo u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>2) Erasure coding nebo odstra\u0148ovac\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod n\u00e1zvy \u201eredundantn\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, \u201emazac\u00ed k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201ek\u00f3d redundancy\u201c) existuje pr\u00e1v\u011b pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu. EC \u2013 je sch\u00e9ma redundancy, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje vysokou dostupnost dat p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladech na diskov\u00fd prostor ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s replikac\u00ed. Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto mechanismu je podobn\u00fd RAID 5, 6, 6P. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed proces EC d\u011bl\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed blok (ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed 4 MB) na n\u011bkolik men\u0161\u00edch \u201edatov\u00fdch kus\u016f\u201c v z\u00e1vislosti na sch\u00e9matu EC (nap\u0159\u00edklad sch\u00e9ma 2+1 d\u011bl\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd blok 4 MB na 2 kusy po 2 MB). D\u00e1le tento proces generuje pro \u201edatov\u00e9 kusy\u201c \u201ekusy parit\u201c o velikosti maxim\u00e1ln\u011b jedn\u00e9 z d\u0159\u00edve rozd\u011blen\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. P\u0159i dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed EC generuje chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kusy, \u010dten\u00edm \u201ep\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch\u201c dat po cel\u00e9m clusteru. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed disk se sch\u00e9matem EC 2+1, realizovan\u00fd na 4 nodech clusteru, bez probl\u00e9m\u016f zvl\u00e1dne selh\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 node v clusteru stejn\u011b jako RF-2. P\u0159itom budou n\u00e1klady ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b koeficient u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity p\u0159i RF-2 je 2, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i EC 2+1 bude 1,5. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee to pop\u00ed\u0161eme jednodu\u0161eji, jde o to, \u017ee virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed blok je rozd\u011blen na 2-8 (pro\u010d od 2 do 8 viz n\u00ed\u017ee) \u201ekus\u016f\u201c, a pro tyto kusy se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201ekusy\u201c parity podobn\u00e9ho objemu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Data and parity are evenly distributed across all nodes of the cluster. Just like with replication, ARDFS automatically distributes data across nodes to prevent identical data (data copies and their parity) from being stored on the same node, thus eliminating the chance of losing data due to both the data and its parity being unexpectedly on the same storage node, which might fail. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Below is an example with the same virtual machine of 8 MB and 4 nodes, but using the EC 2+1 scheme. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bloky A a B se d\u011bl\u00ed na dva kusy ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po 2 MB (na dva, proto\u017ee 2+1), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 A1+A2 a B1+B2. Na rozd\u00edl od repliky, A1 nen\u00ed kopi\u00ed A2, je to virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed blok A, rozd\u011blen\u00fd na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti, stejn\u011b jako blok B. Celkem tedy m\u00e1me dv\u011b sady po 4 MB, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich\u017e jsou dv\u011b dvoumegabajtov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. D\u00e1le se pro ka\u017edou z t\u011bchto sad po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 parita o objemu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b jednoho kusu (tj. 2 MB), z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me nav\u00edc + 2 kusy parity (A-P a B-P). Celkem m\u00e1me 4\u00d72 dat + 2\u00d72 paritu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Next, the pieces are \"distributed\" across the nodes so that the data does not overlap with their parity. That is, A1 and A2 will not reside on the same node as A-P.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f16446c3d5ca67bb55f37fa2ceae27db.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In the case of a failure of one node (let's say the third), the failed block B1 will be automatically restored from the parity B-P, which is stored on node No. 2, and will be activated on the node where there is no B-parity, i.e., the piece B-P. In this example, this is node No. 1.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5e94919a0ebb8c446f10e26c0dd93f17.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I am sure the reader has a question:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Everything you described has long been implemented by competitors and in open-source solutions; what distinguishes your EC implementation in ARDFS?\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Next, we will explore interesting features of ARDFS.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"erasure-coding-s-uporom-na-gibkost\">Erasure coding with a focus on flexibility.<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Initially, we provided a fairly flexible EC scheme X+Y, where X is a number from 2 to 8, and Y is a number from 1 to 8, but always less than or equal to X. This scheme is designed for flexibility. Increasing the number of data pieces (X) into which a virtual block is divided reduces overhead, thereby increasing useful space.<br \/>\nIncreasing the number of parity pieces (Y) enhances the reliability of the virtual disk. The greater the value of Y, the more nodes in the cluster can fail. Naturally, increasing the volume of parity reduces the available capacity, but this is the price for reliability. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1vislost v\u00fdkonu na EC sch\u00e9matech je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1: \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce \"kousk\u016f\", t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, zde je jasn\u011b pot\u0159eba vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vc\u016fm maxim\u00e1ln\u011b flexibiln\u011b konfigurovat rozlo\u017een\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. V r\u00e1mci ARDFS poolu lze pou\u017e\u00edvat jak\u00e9koli sch\u00e9ma odolnosti proti chyb\u00e1m a jejich kombinace, co\u017e je tak\u00e9 velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee je uvedena tabulka srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika (ne v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch) sch\u00e9mat RF a EC.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/eeb9148567bd1e32a42888208a7205fc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Z tabulky je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee i ta nejsofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kombinace EC 8+7, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje ztr\u00e1tu a\u017e 7 uzl\u016f v clusteru, \u201ezab\u00edr\u00e1\u201c m\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho prostoru (1,875 oproti 2) ne\u017e standardn\u00ed replikace, a chr\u00e1n\u00ed 7x l\u00e9pe, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed tento ochrann\u00fd mechanismus sice slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v situac\u00edch, kdy je t\u0159eba zajistit maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed spolehlivost p\u0159i nedostatku diskov\u00e9ho prostoru. Je ov\u0161em t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u201eplus\u201c k X nebo Y nese dodate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdkon, tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edrat mezi spolehlivost\u00ed, \u00fasporou a v\u00fdkonem. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu v\u011bnujeme samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek sizingu odstra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hyperkonvergentn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed AERODISK vAIR. Z\u00e1kladem je souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ARDFS.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/8246fe1d463d6185431358171143e65d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nadezhnost-i-avtonomnost-faylovoy-sistemy\">Spolehlivost a autonomnost souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ARDFS se lok\u00e1ln\u011b spou\u0161t\u00ed na v\u0161ech uzlech clusteru a synchronizuje je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vlastn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f p\u0159es vyhrazen\u00e9 ethernetov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee ARDFS synchronizuje nejen data, ale i metadata t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na ARDFS jsme sou\u010dasn\u011b zkoumali \u0159adu existuj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a zjistili jsme, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 synchronizuj\u00ed metadata souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed extern\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 DBMS, kterou tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro synchronizaci, ale pouze konfigurac\u00ed, nikoli metadata FS (o tom a dal\u0161\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch subsyst\u00e9mech v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Synchronizace metadat FS pomoc\u00ed extern\u00ed DB je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, ale v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by konzistence dat ulo\u017een\u00fdch na ARDFS z\u00e1visela na extern\u00ed DB a jej\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed (a ta, abychom byli up\u0159\u00edmn\u00ed, je dost rozmarn\u00e1), co\u017e pova\u017eujeme za problematick\u00e9. Pro\u010d? Pokud dojde k po\u0161kozen\u00ed metadat FS, samotn\u00e9 \u00fadaje FS by tak\u00e9 mohly \u0159\u00edct \"sbohem\", proto jsme se rozhodli zvolit slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podsystem pro synchronizaci metadat pro ARDFS jsme vyvinuli sami, a funguje zcela nez\u00e1visle na sousedn\u00edch subsyst\u00e9mech. Tj. \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit data ARDFS. Na\u0161e p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed je, \u017ee toto je nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta, ale jak to vlastn\u011b bude, uk\u00e1\u017ee \u010das. Krom\u011b toho, s t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edstupem vznik\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhoda. ARDFS lze pou\u017e\u00edt nez\u00e1visle na vAIR, jednodu\u0161e jako roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou \u00falo\u017enou jednotku, co\u017e ur\u010dit\u011b vyu\u017eijeme v budouc\u00edch produktech.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvojem ARDFS jsme z\u00edskali flexibiln\u00ed a spolehliv\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost, kde lze u\u0161et\u0159it na kapacit\u011b nebo investovat v\u0161e do v\u00fdkonu, nebo vytvo\u0159it \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s vysokou spolehlivost\u00ed za rozumnou cenu, ale s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdkon. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Spolu s jednoduchou licen\u010dn\u00ed politikou a flexibiln\u00edm modelem dod\u00e1vky (v p\u0159edstihu, licence vAIR se ud\u011bluj\u00ed podle uzl\u016f, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 se bu\u010f softwarov\u011b, nebo jako AP) to umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b snadno udr\u017eovat tuto rovnov\u00e1hu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"komu-eto-chudo-nuzhno\">Komu je tento z\u00e1zrak ur\u010den?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na trhu ji\u017e existuj\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti hyperkonvergence, a kam vlastn\u011b jdeme. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto tvrzen\u00ed je pravdiv\u00e9, ALE...<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, kdy\u017e jdeme 'do ter\u00e9nu' a komunikujeme se z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, my i na\u0161i partne\u0159i vid\u00edme, \u017ee to nen\u00ed tak. \u00daloh pro hyperkonvergenci je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada, n\u011bkde lid\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee takov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed existuj\u00ed, n\u011bkde se to zd\u00e1lo drah\u00e9, n\u011bkde byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 testy alternativn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, a n\u011bkde je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no n\u00e1kupy, kv\u016fli sankc\u00edm. Celkov\u011b se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pole je neoran\u00e9, tak\u017ee jsme se pustili do jeho obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed))). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kogda-shd-luchshe-chem-gks\">Kdy je SDD l\u00e9pe ne\u017e GCS?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s trhem se n\u00e1s \u010dasto ptaj\u00ed, kdy je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt tradi\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma se SSK a kdy hyperkonvergenci? Mnoh\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00fdrobci GKS (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed SSK ve sv\u00e9m portfoliu) \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201eSSK m\u00e1 za sebou posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta, hyperkonvergence je cesta vp\u0159ed!\u201c. To je odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, ale ne zcela odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed realitu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pravda je, \u017ee trh SSK se skute\u010dn\u011b posouv\u00e1 sm\u011brem k hyperkonvergenci a podobn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, ale v\u017edy je tu \u201eale\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za prv\u00e9, vybudovan\u00e9 datov\u00e9 centra a IT infrastruktury podle tradi\u010dn\u00edho sch\u00e9matu se SSK tak snadno nep\u0159estav\u00edte, tak\u017ee modernizace a dostavba takov\u00fdch infrastruktur to bude je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na 5-7 let.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161ina infrastruktur, kter\u00e9 se nyn\u00ed vybudov\u00e1vaj\u00ed (m\u00e1me na mysli RF), je postavena podle tradi\u010dn\u00edho sch\u00e9matu s pou\u017eit\u00edm SSK, a to ne proto, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 nev\u011bd\u011bli o hyperkonvergenci, ale proto\u017ee trh hyperkonvergence je nov\u00fd, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a standardy je\u0161t\u011b nejsou ust\u00e1leny, IT specialist\u00e9 nejsou je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161koleni, zku\u0161enost\u00ed je m\u00e1lo a datov\u00e1 centra je pot\u0159eba budovat tady a te\u010f. A tento trend potrv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b 3-5 let (a pak dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, viz bod 1).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed, existuje \u010dist\u011b technick\u00e9 omezen\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edch mal\u00fdch zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch 2 milisekundy p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu (krom\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00edho cachov\u00e1n\u00ed, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b), co\u017e je cena za distribuovan\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A nezapome\u0148me na pou\u017eit\u00ed velk\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch server\u016f, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed diskov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch a popul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u00faloh, kde se SSK chov\u00e1 l\u00e9pe ne\u017e GKS. S t\u00edm se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neshodnou ti v\u00fdrobci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m produktov\u00e9m portfoliu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 SSK, ale jsme p\u0159ipraveni argumentovan\u011b se h\u00e1dat. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b my, jako v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i obou produkt\u016f, v jednom z budouc\u00edch publikac\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b provedeme srovn\u00e1n\u00ed SSK a GKS, kde n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1\u017eeme, co je v jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"a-gde-giperkonvergentnye-resheniya-budut-rabotat-luchshe-shd\">A kde budou hyperkonvergovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed fungovat l\u00e9pe ne\u017e SSK?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch tez\u00ed lze u\u010dinit t\u0159i z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tam, kde je dodate\u010dn\u00fdch 2 milisekundy zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu, kter\u00e9 se stabiln\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed v jak\u00e9mkoli produktivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed (te\u010f nemluv\u00edme o syntetice, na syntetice m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i nanosekundy), jsou nekritick\u00e9, hyperkonvergence bude vhodn\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Tam, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159etvo\u0159it z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e z velk\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch server\u016f na mnoho mal\u00fdch virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch a rozlo\u017eit ji po uzlech, tam tak\u00e9 hyperkonvergovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dob\u0159e zapadne.<\/li>\n<li>Tam, kde je horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed, tam tak\u00e9 GKS skv\u011ble usp\u011bje.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kakie-eto-resheniya\">Jak\u00e9 jsou to \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>V\u0161echny standardn\u00ed infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eby (slu\u017eba adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, e-mail, EDS, souborov\u00e9 servery, mal\u00e9 nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed ERP a BI syst\u00e9my atd.). Tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty\u201c. <\/li>\n<li>Infrastruktura cloudov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f, kde je t\u0159eba rychle a standardizovan\u011b horizont\u00e1ln\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovat a snadno \"sni\u017eovat\" velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f pro klienty.<\/li>\n<li>Infrastruktura <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch ploch\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1010\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edch ploch<\/a> (VDI), kde se spou\u0161t\u00ed mnoho mal\u00fdch u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch virtu\u00e1lek a klidn\u011b \"plavou\" uvnit\u0159 jednotn\u00e9ho clusteru.<\/li>\n<li>Pobo\u010dkov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kde je v ka\u017ed\u00e9 pobo\u010dce t\u0159eba z\u00edskat standardn\u00ed, vysoce odolnou, ale p\u0159itom levnou infrastrukturu z 15-20 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e9koli distribuovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty (nap\u0159\u00edklad big data slu\u017eby). Tam, kde z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e jde ne \"do hloubky\", ale \"do \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky\". <\/li>\n<li>Testovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde jsou p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 dodate\u010dn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, ale existuj\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o testy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsme pr\u00e1v\u011b pro tyto \u00fakoly vytvo\u0159ili AERODISK vAIR a na n\u011b se soust\u0159ed\u00edme (zat\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b). Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee se to brzy zm\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee sv\u011bt nestoj\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"itak\">Tak\u017ee...<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u00edmto kon\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st velk\u00e9ho cyklu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u011bl\u00edme o architekturu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 komponenty.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Budeme r\u00e1di za ot\u00e1zky, n\u00e1vrhy a konstruktivn\u00ed diskuse.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/aerodisk\/blog\/469383\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 AERODISK vAIR. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043e\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 ARDFS, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 vAIR, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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