{"id":38607,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/budushhee-li-fi-polyaritony-eksitony-fotony-i-nemnogo-disulfida-volframa\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","slug":"budushhee-li-fi-polyaritony-eksitony-fotony-i-nemnogo-disulfida-volframa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/budushhee-li-fi-polyaritony-eksitony-fotony-i-nemnogo-disulfida-volframa","title":{"rendered":"Budoucnost Li-Fi: polaritony, excitony, fotony a trochu disulfidu wolframu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Budoucnost
\n
\nPo mnoho let se v\u011bdci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta zab\u00fdv\u00e1 dv\u011bma v\u011bcmi \u2014 vynal\u00e9z\u00e1n\u00edm a zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00edm. A n\u011bkdy nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, co z toho je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vezm\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad oby\u010dejn\u00e9 LED diody, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9 a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee si jich ani nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1me. Ale pokud do nich p\u0159id\u00e1me trochu exciton\u016f, \u0161petku polariton\u016f a podle chuti disulfid wolframu, LED diody u\u017e nebudou tak prost\u00e9. V\u0161echny tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 term\u00edny jsou n\u00e1zvy velmi neobvykl\u00fdch komponent\u016f, jejich\u017e kombinace umo\u017enila v\u011bdc\u016fm z M\u011bstsk\u00e9 kollege v New Yorku vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee extr\u00e9mn\u011b rychle p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et informace pomoc\u00ed sv\u011btla. Tento v\u00fdvoj pom\u016f\u017ee zdokonalit technologii Li-Fi. Jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ingredience nov\u00e9 technologie byly pou\u017eity, jak\u00fd je recept tohoto \u201ej\u00eddla\u201c a jak\u00e1 je \u00fa\u010dinnost pr\u00e1ce nov\u00e9 exciton-polaritonov\u00e9 LED diody? O tom n\u00e1m pov\u00ed zpr\u00e1va v\u011bdc\u016f. Jdeme na to.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n

\nPokud to v\u0161echno zjednodu\u0161\u00edme na jedno slovo, pak tato technologie je sv\u011btlo a v\u0161e, co s t\u00edm souvis\u00ed. Za prv\u00e9, polaritony, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i interakci foton\u016f s excitacemi prost\u0159ed\u00ed (fonony, excitony, plazmony, magnony atd.). Za druh\u00e9, excitony \u2014 elektronick\u00e1 excitace v dielektriku, polovodi\u010di nebo kovu, kter\u00e1 migruje krystalem a nen\u00ed spojena s p\u0159enosem elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje a hmoty. <\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee tyto kvazipartice velmi miluj\u00ed chlad, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich aktivitu lze pozorovat pouze p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, co\u017e siln\u011b omezuje jejich praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Ale to bylo d\u0159\u00edve. V t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci se v\u011bdc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat teplotn\u00ed omezen\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvat je p\u0159i pokojov\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed polariton\u016f je mo\u017enost spojovat fotony mezi sebou. Foton, kter\u00fd se s atomy rubidia sr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 hmotnost. P\u0159i opakovan\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch fotony odskakuj\u00ed jeden od druh\u00e9ho, ale ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1ry a triplety, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed atomovou slo\u017eku, kterou p\u0159edstavuje atom rubidia.<\/p>\n

Ale abychom mohli n\u011bco ud\u011blat se sv\u011btlem, je t\u0159eba ho zachytit. K tomu je pot\u0159eba optick\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor, co\u017e je soubor odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed stojatou sv\u011btelnou vlnu. <\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to studii hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli je\u0161t\u011b podivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kvazihmoty \u2013 exciton-polaritony, kter\u00e9 se formuj\u00ed d\u00edky siln\u00e9 vazb\u011b exciton\u016f a foton\u016f, zachycen\u00fdch v optick\u00e9m rezon\u00e1toru. <\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to nesta\u010d\u00ed, nebo\u0165 je pot\u0159eba materi\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klad, tak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc. A kdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e dichalkogenidy p\u0159echodn\u00fdch kov\u016f (DPK) by tady mohl hr\u00e1t lep\u0161\u00ed roli. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, jako emituj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l byl pou\u017eit monovrstv\u00fd WS2 (disulfid wolframu), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 vazebn\u00e9 energie exciton\u016f, co\u017e se stalo jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n

Soubor v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch prvk\u016f umo\u017enil vytvo\u0159it elektricky \u0159\u00edzenou polaritonovou LED, kter\u00e1 funguje p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pro realizaci tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je monovrstv\u00fd WS2 um\u00edst\u011bn mezi tenk\u00e9 hexagon\u00e1ln\u00ed tunelov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry z nitridu boru (hBN) se vrstvami grafenu, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako elektrody.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n

\nWS2, jako\u017eto dichalkogenid p\u0159echodn\u00fdch kov\u016f, je tak\u00e9 atom\u00e1rn\u011b tenk\u00fdm Van-der-Waalsov\u00fdm (vdW) materi\u00e1lem. To poukazuje na jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9, optick\u00e9, mechanick\u00e9 a tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti. <\/p>\n

V kombinaci s ostatn\u00edmi vdW materi\u00e1ly, jako je grafen (jako vodi\u010d) a hexagon\u00e1ln\u00ed nitrid boru (hBN, jako izol\u00e1tor), lze realizovat celou \u0159adu elektricky \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed i LED. Takov\u00e9 kombinace Van-der-Waalsov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a polariton\u016f byly ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve realizov\u00e1ny, jak otev\u0159en\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bdci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch prac\u00edch byly z\u00edskan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my slo\u017eit\u00e9 a nedokonal\u00e9, a tak\u00e9 neodhalily cel\u00fd potenci\u00e1l ka\u017ed\u00e9 z komponent.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1pad\u016f, jeho\u017e inspirac\u00ed byly p\u0159edch\u016fdci, je pou\u017eit\u00ed dvourozm\u011brn\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 platformy. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s atom\u00e1rn\u011b tenk\u00fdmi emisn\u00edmi vrstvami, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt integrov\u00e1ny s dal\u0161\u00edmi vdW materi\u00e1ly, funguj\u00edc\u00edmi jako kontakty (grafen) a tunelov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry (hBN). Krom\u011b toho takov\u00e1 dvourozm\u011brnost umo\u017e\u0148uje spojen\u00ed polaritonov\u00fdch LED s vdW materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti, silnou supervodi\u010dkost a\/nebo netradi\u010dn\u00ed topologick\u00e9 p\u0159enosy. V\u00fdsledkem t\u00e9to integrace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela nov\u00fd typ za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jeho\u017e vlastnosti mohou b\u00fdt velmi neobvykl\u00e9. Ale, jak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, to je t\u00e9ma pro jinou studii.<\/p>\n

\"Budoucnost
\nObr\u00e1zek \u010d. 1<\/i><\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 1a<\/b> je zobrazena trojrozm\u011brn\u00e1 modelace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 vrstven\u00fd dort. Jako horn\u00ed zrcadlo optick\u00e9ho rezon\u00e1toru slou\u017e\u00ed vrstva st\u0159\u00edbra, a jako doln\u00ed \u2014 12vrstv\u00fd rozlo\u017een\u00fd Bragg\u016fv odrazova\u010d*<\/i>. V aktivn\u00ed oblasti se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tunelov\u00e1 z\u00f3na.<\/p>\n

Rozlo\u017een\u00fd Bragg\u016fv odrazova\u010d*<\/b> \u2014 struktura slo\u017een\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika vrstev, ve kter\u00e9 se lomivost materi\u00e1lu periodicky m\u011bn\u00ed kolmo na vrstvy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tunelov\u00e1 z\u00f3na se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z vdW heterostruktury slo\u017een\u00e9 z monovrstvy WS2 (zdroj sv\u011btla), tenk\u00fdch vrstev hBN po obou stran\u00e1ch monovrstvy (tunelov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra) a grafenu (pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 elektrody pro injekci elektron\u016f a d\u011br).<\/p>\n

Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b vrstvy WS2 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9 s\u00edly gener\u00e1toru a t\u00edm i k v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed Rabi polaritonov\u00fdch stav\u016f.<\/p>\n

Re\u017eim provozu rezon\u00e1toru se nastavuje zm\u011bnou tlou\u0161\u0165ky vrstvy PMMA (polymethylmethakryl\u00e1t, tj. plexisklo).<\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1zek 1b<\/b> je sn\u00edmek vdW heterostruktury na povrchu rozlo\u017een\u00e9ho Braggova odrazova\u010de. V d\u016fsledku vysok\u00e9 odrazivosti rozlo\u017een\u00e9ho Braggova odrazova\u010de, kter\u00fd je doln\u00ed vrstvou, m\u00e1 tunelov\u00e1 z\u00f3na na sn\u00edmku velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd kontrast odrazu, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee je vid\u011bt pouze horn\u00ed siln\u00e1 vrstva hBN.<\/p>\n

Graf 1C<\/b> p\u0159edstavuje oblast diagramu vdW heterostruktury v geometrii tunelu p\u0159i posunut\u00ed. Elektroluminiscence (EL) se pozoruje nad prahov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, kdy\u017e je Fermiho hladina horn\u00ed (doln\u00ed) grafenu posunuta v\u00fd\u0161e (n\u00ed\u017ee) nad vodivostn\u00ed (valen\u010dn\u00ed) z\u00f3nu WS2, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje elektron\u016fm (d\u00edram) tunelovat do vodivostn\u00ed (valen\u010dn\u00ed) z\u00f3ny WS2. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro vznik exciton\u016f ve vrstv\u011b WS2 s n\u00e1slednou radiac\u00ed (emise) rekombinace elektron-d\u00edra.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od sv\u011bteln\u00fdch emit\u00e9r\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na p-n-p\u0159echodech, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed legov\u00e1n\u00ed pro svou \u010dinnost, EL z tunelov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na tunelov\u00e9m proudu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhnout se optick\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m a jak\u00fdmkoli zm\u011bn\u00e1m specifick\u00e9ho odporu zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm zm\u011bnou teploty. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tunelov\u00e1 architektura umo\u017e\u0148uje mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblast emise ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi na b\u00e1zi p-n-p\u0159echod\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na dichalkogenidech.<\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1zek 1d<\/b> ukazuje elektrick\u00e9 charakteristiky hustoty tunelov\u00e9ho proudu (J<\/i>) jako funkce posunut\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed (V<\/i>) mezi grafenov\u00fdmi elektrodami. Strm\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst proudu jak p\u0159i pozitivn\u00edm, tak i negativn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed nazna\u010duje vznik tunelov\u00e9ho proudu skrze strukturu. P\u0159i optim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ce vrstev hBN (~2 nm) byl pozorov\u00e1n v\u00fdznamn\u00fd tunelov\u00fd proud a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed doby \u017eivota zaveden\u00fdch nosi\u010d\u016f pro emisn\u00ed rekombinaci.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed proveden\u00edm elektroluminiscen\u010dn\u00edho experimentu byla provedena charakterizace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle odrazivosti b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla s \u00fahlov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm k potvrzen\u00ed siln\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed exciton\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Budoucnost
\nObr\u00e1zek \u010d. 2<\/i><\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 2a<\/b> jsou zobrazeny spektry odrazu s \u00fahlov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm z aktivn\u00ed oblasti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fniku. Tak\u00e9 byla pozorov\u00e1na fotoluminiscence (FL) p\u0159i nerezonan\u010dn\u00edm vzru\u0161en\u00ed (460 nm), ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed emisi z doln\u00ed v\u011btve polaritonu a slab\u0161\u00ed emisi z horn\u00ed v\u011btve polaritonu (2b<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Na 2c<\/b> je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna disperze elektroluminescence polaritonu p\u0159i zaveden\u00ed 0.1 \u00b5A\/m\u00b2. Roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed Rabiho a lad\u011bn\u00ed rezon\u00e1toru, z\u00edskan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed m\u00f3d\u016f oscil\u00e1toru (pln\u00e1 a te\u010dkovan\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra) k elektroluminescen\u010dn\u00edmu experimentu, \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 33 meV a -13 meV. Odchylka rezon\u00e1toru je ur\u010dena jako \u03b4 = Ec \u2212 Ex, kde Ex je energie excitonu a Ec ozna\u010duje energii fotonu rezon\u00e1toru s nulov\u00fdm impulzem v rovin\u011b. Graf 2d<\/b> toto je \u0159ez pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00fahly od elektroluminescen\u010dn\u00ed disperze. Zde je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt disperze horn\u00edch a doln\u00edch polaritonov\u00fdch m\u00f3d\u016f s anti-nehodou, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje v oblasti excitonov\u00e9ho rezonance.<\/p>\n

\"Budoucnost
\nObr\u00e1zek \u010d. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

S rostouc\u00edm tunelovac\u00edm proudem celkov\u00e1 intenzita EL roste. Slab\u00e1 EL z polariton\u016f je pozorov\u00e1na bl\u00edzko prahov\u00e9ho posunu (3a<\/b>), zat\u00edmco p\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9m posunu nad prahem se polaritonov\u00e1 emise st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou (3b<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 3s<\/b> je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn pol\u00e1rn\u00ed graf intenzity EL jako funkce \u00fahlu, zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fazk\u00fd ku\u017eel emise \u00b1 15\u00b0. Diagram vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 prakticky nezm\u011bn\u011bn jak pro minim\u00e1ln\u00ed (zelen\u00e1 k\u0159ivka), tak pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed (oran\u017eov\u00e1 k\u0159ivka) excita\u010dn\u00ed proud. Na 3d<\/b> je zobrazena integrovan\u00e1 intenzita p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pohybliv\u00fdch tunelovac\u00edch proudech, kter\u00e1, jak je z grafu vid\u011bt, je dostate\u010dn\u011b line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed proudu na vysok\u00e9 hodnoty m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu rozptylu polariton\u016f pod\u00e9l doln\u00edho ramene a vytvo\u0159it extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u00fazk\u00fd vyza\u0159ovac\u00ed diagram kv\u016fli generaci polariton\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v tomto experimentu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 toho dos\u00e1hnout kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm spojen\u00fdm s dielektrick\u00fdm prostupem tunelov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry hBN. <\/p>\n

\u010cerven\u00e9 body na 3d<\/b> ukazuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho ukazatele \u2014 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kvantov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Kvantov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost*<\/b> \u2014 pom\u011br po\u010dtu foton\u016f, jejich\u017e absorpce vedla k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kvazi\u010d\u00e1stic, k celkov\u00e9mu po\u010dtu absorbovan\u00fdch foton\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pozorovan\u00e1 kvantov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost je srovnateln\u00e1 s ostatn\u00edmi polaritonov\u00fdmi diodami (na b\u00e1zi organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch nanotrubi\u010dek atd.). Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee tlou\u0161\u0165ka emittuj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy ve zkouman\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010din\u00ed pouze 0,7 nm, zat\u00edmco u jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je tento \u00fadaj v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bdci nep\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, \u017ee kvantov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost jejich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nen\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale lze ji zv\u00fd\u0161it um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu monovrstv uvnit\u0159 tunelov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny, odd\u011blen\u00fdch tenk\u00fdmi vrstvami hBN. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 prozkoumali vliv poruchy rezon\u00e1toru na EL polaritonu a vyrobili dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed poruchou (- 43 meV).<\/p>\n

\"Budoucnost
\nObr\u00e1zek \u010d. 4<\/i><\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 4a<\/b> jsou zobrazeny spektra EL s \u00fahlov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i hustot\u011b proudu 0,2 \u00b5A\/cm\u00b2. Vzhledem k siln\u00e9 poru\u0161e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vykazuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd efekt \u00fazk\u00e9ho hrdla v EL s maximem emise, kter\u00e9 nast\u00e1v\u00e1 pod velk\u00fdm \u00fahlem. To je d\u00e1le potvrzeno na obr\u00e1zku 4b<\/b>, kde jsou srovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny pol\u00e1rn\u00ed grafy tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s prvn\u00edm (2c<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Pro podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se s nuancemi v\u00fdzkumu doporu\u010duji nahl\u00e9dnout do zpr\u00e1vy v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Epilog<\/h3>\n

\nT\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem v\u0161echna v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed potvrzuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost polaritonov\u00e9 elektroluminiscence ve vdW heterostruktu\u0159e zabudovan\u00e9 v optick\u00e9m mikrorezon\u00e1toru. Tunelov\u00e1 architektura zkouman\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje vnik\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f\/d\u00edrek a rekombinaci v monovrstv\u011b WS2, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed jako emit\u00e9r. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee tunelov\u00fd mechanismus za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nevy\u017eaduje legov\u00e1n\u00ed komponent, co\u017e minimalizuje ztr\u00e1ty a r\u016fzn\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee EL m\u00e1 vysokou sm\u011brovost d\u00edky disperzi rezon\u00e1toru. Tud\u00ed\u017e zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality rezon\u00e1toru a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dod\u00e1vka proudu umo\u017en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu mikrorezonan\u010dn\u00edch diod, jako\u017e i elektricky \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch mikrorezonan\u010dn\u00edch polariton\u016f a fotonov\u00fdch laser\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek znovu potvrdil, \u017ee dichalkogenidy p\u0159echodn\u00fdch kov\u016f maj\u00ed opravdu jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti a velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy a inovativn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na rozvoj a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed technologi\u00ed p\u0159enosu dat pomoc\u00ed LED diod a sv\u011btla jako takov\u00e9ho. Mezi tyto futuristick\u00e9 technologie pat\u0159\u00ed Li-Fi, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zajistit v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n

D\u011bkuji za pozornost, z\u016fst\u00e1vejte zv\u011bdav\u00ed a p\u0159eji v\u0161em dobr\u00fd pracovn\u00ed t\u00fdden, kamar\u00e1di! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

D\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, 30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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