{"id":38608,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","slug":"vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","title":{"rendered":"\u010cas prvn\u00edch. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o tom, jak jsme implementovali Scratch jako programovac\u00ed jazyk pro roboty","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se d\u00edv\u00e1m na sou\u010dasnou rozmanitost vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed robotiky, raduje m\u011b, \u017ee d\u011btem je k dispozici obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed stavebnic a hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a \u017ee prahov\u00e1 hodnota pro vstup do z\u00e1klad\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed klesla dost n\u00edzko (a\u017e do mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly). Ve velk\u00e9m se rozv\u00edj\u00ed trend nejprve p\u0159ipojov\u00e1n\u00ed k modul\u00e1rn\u00edmu programov\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159echodem na pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed jazyky. Ale takov\u00e1 situace nebyla v\u017edy.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\nRoky 2009-2010. Rusko za\u010dalo masov\u011b objevovat Arduino a Scratch. Dostupn\u00e1 elektronika a programov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat pozornost jak nad\u0161enc\u016f, tak u\u010ditel\u016f a my\u0161lenka v\u0161echno to propojit ji\u017e byla v pln\u00e9m proudu (a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b byla realizov\u00e1na) ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm prostoru.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVe skute\u010dnosti Scratch ve verzi 1.4, kter\u00e1 byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyd\u00e1na, ji\u017e m\u011bla podporu extern\u00edho vybaven\u00ed. Obsahovala podporu pro Lego WeDo (motorov\u00e9 bloky) a desku PicoBoard<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Ale cht\u011bl jsem Arduino a roboty zalo\u017een\u00e9 na n\u011bm, a to ide\u00e1ln\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed verzi. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b jeden z japonsk\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f pro Arduino p\u0159i\u0161el na to, jak platformy propojit a zve\u0159ejnil sch\u00e9mata (i kdy\u017e ne v\u0161echna, a museli jsme 'dohodnout' zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed) a firmware pro ve\u0159ejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup (ale bohu\u017eel ani ne v angli\u010dtin\u011b). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto projektu se v roce 2010 zrodil ScratchDuino (tenkr\u00e1t jsem spolu se svou \u017eenou pracoval ve spole\u010dnosti LinuxCentrum).<\/p>\n

Koncept \u201evym\u011bniteln\u00e9ho cartridge\u201c (nep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1m to Micro:bit?), magnetick\u00e9 upevn\u011bn\u00ed pro komponenty robota a vyu\u017eit\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed Scratch pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed senzor\u016f a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed motor\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\n\"\u010cas
\n
\nRobot byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een jako kompatibiln\u00ed s Lego:<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\nV roce 2011 platforma spat\u0159ila sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta a (u\u017e po odchodu m\u011b a m\u00e9 \u017eeny z projektu v roce 2013) \u017eije a vyv\u00edj\u00ed se pod jm\u00e9nem ROBBO.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\nN\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee u\u017e byly podobn\u00e9 projekty. Ano, zhruba v t\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u010dal vznikat projekt S4A, ale ten m\u011bl za c\u00edl programov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e ve stylu Arduino (s jeho digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi a analogov\u00fdmi v\u00fdstupy) z modifikovan\u00e9ho Scratch, zat\u00edmco m\u016fj v\u00fdvoj mohl fungovat s 'vanilkovou' verz\u00ed (a\u010dkoli jsme ji tak\u00e9 upravili, aby zobrazila bloky pro senzory od 1 do 4).<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se objevil Scratch 2.0 a s n\u00edm za\u010daly vznikat pluginy jak pro Arduino, tak pro obl\u00edben\u00e9 roboty, a Scratch 3.0 z krabice podporuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed roboplatform.<\/p>\n

Blockly.<\/b> Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na obl\u00edben\u00e9 roboty, jako je MBot (kter\u00fd mimochodem zpo\u010d\u00e1tku tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edval upraven\u00fd Scratch), tak se programuj\u00ed ve vizu\u00e1ln\u00edm jazyce, ale to nen\u00ed Scratch, ale modifikovan\u00fd Blockly od Google. Nev\u00edm, zda moje pr\u00e1ce ovlivnila jeho v\u00fdvoj, ale mohu s jistotou \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee kdy\u017e jsme v roce 2013 v Lond\u00fdn\u011b ukazovali v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm Blockly platformu Scratchduino, roboti tam je\u0161t\u011b \"nebyli\".<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\nDnes jsou modifikace Blockly z\u00e1kladem mnoha robotick\u00fdch stavebnic a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch robot\u016f a toto je u\u017e jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, nebo\u0165 v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vzniklo (a tak\u00e9 zaniklo) obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed projekt\u016f jak v Rusku, tak ve sv\u011bt\u011b. V RF jsme byli ale prvn\u00ed, kdo v realizaci Scratch a \"konfrontaci\" s Legem zapo\u010dal tuto cestu \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Co se stalo po roce 2013. S man\u017eelkou jsme v roce 2014 zalo\u017eili sv\u016fj projekt PROSTOROBOT (tak\u00e9 SIMPLEROBOT) a pustili jsme se do v\u00fdvoje stoln\u00edch her. Ale Scratch n\u00e1s nep\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 oslovovat.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 koncepty pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed robot\u016f ve Scratch a jeho potomkovi Snap!
\nPDF soubor s popisem si m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout a pou\u017e\u00edvat svobodn\u011b na odkazu<\/a><\/noindex>, a hotov\u00e9 projekty najdete zde<\/a><\/noindex>. V\u0161e funguje i ve 3. verzi Scratch.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 jsme se vr\u00e1tili k programov\u00e1n\u00ed robot\u016f ve Scratch v na\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 stoln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed h\u0159e \u201eBitva Golem\u016f. Kartov\u00e1 liga Parobot\u016f\u201c a byli bychom r\u00e1di, pokud podpo\u0159\u00edte jej\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed na Crowdrepublic<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cas
\n
\nKdy\u017e stoj\u00edte u zrodu n\u011b\u010deho a \u201ec\u00edt\u00edte\u201c trendy d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se stanou masov\u00fdmi, je to radostn\u00e9, \u017ee jste byli prvn\u00ed a vytvo\u0159ili jste v podstat\u011b trh, ale smutn\u00e9, \u017ee sl\u00e1va v\u00edt\u011bze nepat\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m. Ale mohu hrd\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee spojen\u00ed Scratch a Arduino v robotice v RF vzniklo tak\u00e9 d\u00edky m\u00fdm snah\u00e1m.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, jak jsme zav\u00e1d\u011bli Scratch jako programovac\u00ed jazyk robot\u016f | ProHoster","description":"Pohledem na sou\u010dasnou rozmanitost vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed robotiky se t\u011b\u0161\u00edte, \u017ee d\u011btem je dostupn\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed stavebnic a hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 \u201evstupu\u201c do z\u00e1klad\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed klesla dost n\u00edzko.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 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