{"id":38648,"date":"2019-10-31T22:25:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:25:04","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:04","slug":"kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize","title":{"rendered":"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 \u00favod do Kustomize","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Pozn. p\u0159ek.<\/b>: \u010cl\u00e1nek napsal Scott Lowe \u2014 in\u017een\u00fdr s dlouholetou prax\u00ed v IT, autor a spol autor sedmi ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch knih (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o VMware vSphere). Nyn\u00ed pracuje v dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti VMware \u2014 Heptio (zdru\u017een\u00e9 v roce 2016), specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a Kubernetes. Samotn\u00fd text slou\u017e\u00ed jako stru\u010dn\u00e9 a snadno pochopiteln\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00ed slovo k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed pro Kubernetes pomoc\u00ed technologie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kustomize.io\/\">Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 ned\u00e1vno p\u0159e\u0161la do K8s.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 \u00favod do Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/099d2281c06d7a294532a816bb6aab21.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKustomize je n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm \"p\u0159izp\u016fsobit jednoduch\u00e9 a \u0161ablon\u00e1m se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00edc\u00ed YAML soubory pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed, ani\u017e by se p\u016fvodn\u00ed YAML zm\u011bnil a z\u016fstal pou\u017eiteln\u00fd\" (popis p\u0159evzat p\u0159\u00edmo z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/kustomize\">repozit\u00e1\u0159e kustomize na GitHub<\/a><\/noindex>). Kustomize lze spou\u0161t\u011bt p\u0159\u00edmo nebo, po\u010d\u00ednaje Kubernetes 1.14, pou\u017e\u00edt <code>kubectl -k<\/code> k jeho funkc\u00edm (i kdy\u017e k verzi Kubernetes 1.15 je samostatn\u00fd bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubor nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e funkce zabudovan\u00e9 v kubectl). <i>(<b>Pozn. p\u0159ek.<\/b>: A s ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm vyd\u00e1n\u00edm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/467477\/\">Kubernetes 1.16<\/a><\/noindex> kustomize <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1177\">podporov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> je tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00fd v n\u00e1stroji kubeadm.)<\/i> V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku chci \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e sezn\u00e1mit se z\u00e1klady kustomize.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed form\u011b\/pou\u017eit\u00ed je kustomize pouze soubor zdroj\u016f (YAML soubory, kter\u00e9 definuj\u00ed objekty Kubernetes: nasazen\u00ed, slu\u017eby atd.) plus seznam pokyn\u016f ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt provedeny na t\u011bchto zdroj\u00edch. Podobn\u011b jako make pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soubor pokyn\u016f, kter\u00fd je obsa\u017een v <code>Makefile<\/code>, a Docker sestavuje kontejner na z\u00e1klad\u011b pokyn\u016f z <code>Dockerfile<\/code>, kustomize pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> , aby uchov\u00e1val p\u0159edpisy o jak\u00e9 zm\u011bny chce u\u017eivatel prov\u00e9st na souboru zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zde je p\u0159\u00edklad souboru <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- deployment.yaml\n- service.yaml\nnamePrefix: dev-\nnamespace: development\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: development<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNepokou\u0161\u00edm se popsat v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 pole v souboru <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> (o tom je dob\u0159e naps\u00e1no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/kustomize\/blob\/master\/docs\/fields.md\">zde<\/a><\/noindex>), ale provedu stru\u010dn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkladu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Pole <code>resources<\/code> ur\u010duje, kter\u00e9 (jak\u00e9 zdroje) kustomize zm\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude hledat zdroje v souborech <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> a <code>service.yaml<\/code> ve sv\u00e9m adres\u00e1\u0159i (pokud je to nutn\u00e9, lze zadat cel\u00e9 nebo relativn\u00ed cesty).<\/li>\n<li> Pole <code>namePrefix<\/code> p\u0159edepisuje kustomize, aby p\u0159idal ur\u010dit\u00fd prefix (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u2014 <code>dev-<\/code>) k atributu <code>name<\/code> v\u0161ech zdroj\u00edch definovan\u00fdch v poli <code>resources<\/code>. Tak\u017ee, pokud je v Deploymentu <code>name<\/code> s hodnotou <code>nginx-deployment<\/code>, kustomize z n\u011bj ud\u011bl\u00e1 <code>dev-nginx-deployment<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li> Pole <code>namespace<\/code> p\u0159edepisuje kustomize, aby p\u0159idal zadan\u00fd prostor n\u00e1zv\u016f ke v\u0161em zdroj\u016fm. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Deployment a Service spadaj\u00ed do prostoru n\u00e1zv\u016f <code>v\u00fdvoj<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li> Nakonec pole <code>commonLabels<\/code> obsahuje sadu tag\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou p\u0159id\u00e1ny ke v\u0161em zdroj\u016fm. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu kustomize p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00ed zdroj\u016fm \u0161t\u00edtek s n\u00e1zvem <code>environment<\/code> a hodnotou <code>v\u00fdvoj<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPokud u\u017eivatel provede <code>kustomize build .<\/code> ve slo\u017ece s souborem <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> a pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi zdroji (tj. soubory <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> a <code>service.yaml<\/code>), z\u00edsk\u00e1 text se zm\u011bnami uveden\u00fdmi v <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 \u00favod do Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f15c7ccb5f200c7e9b5a25142c364cb8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i><b>Pozn. p\u0159ek.<\/b>: Ilustrace z dokumentace projektu k \"jednoduch\u00e9mu\" pou\u017eit\u00ed kustomize<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdstup lze p\u0159esm\u011brovat, pokud chcete zaznamenat zm\u011bny:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">kustomize build . &gt; custom-config.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV\u00fdstupy jsou deterministick\u00e9 (p\u0159i stejn\u00fdch vstupn\u00edch datech dostanete stejn\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy), tak\u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba v\u00fdsledek ukl\u00e1dat do souboru. M\u00edsto toho ho m\u016f\u017eete okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159edat jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">kustomize build . | kubectl apply -f -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nP\u0159\u00edstup k funkc\u00edm kustomize lze tak\u00e9 z\u00edskat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <code>kubectl -k<\/code> (od verze 1.14 Kubernetes). M\u011bjte v\u0161ak na pam\u011bti, \u017ee samostatn\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek kustomize se rychleji aktualizuje ne\u017e integrovan\u00fd v kubectl (alespo\u0148 to plat\u00ed pro release Kubernetes 1.15).<\/p>\n<p>\u010cten\u00e1\u0159i se mohou pt\u00e1t: \u201ePro\u010d v\u0161echny tyto komplikace, kdy\u017e lze soubory upravit p\u0159\u00edmo?\u201c. Skv\u011bl\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu je skute\u010dn\u011b <i>lze<\/i> modifikovat soubory <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> a <code>service.yaml<\/code> p\u0159\u00edmo, ale co kdy\u017e jsou forkem n\u011b\u010d\u00edho projektu? P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 zm\u011bna soubor\u016f zt\u011b\u017euje (pokud to v\u016fbec neznemo\u017e\u0148uje) rebase fork\u016f, kdy\u017e se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bny ve zdroji. Pou\u017eit\u00ed kustomize umo\u017e\u0148uje centralizovat tyto zm\u011bny v souboru <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e origin\u00e1ln\u00ed soubory z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nedot\u010deny a t\u00edm usnad\u0148uj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby rebase p\u016fvodn\u00edch soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdhody kustomize se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00fdmi v slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech pou\u017eit\u00ed. V uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> a zdroje se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9 slo\u017ece. Kustomize v\u0161ak podporuje sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, kdy existuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konfigurace a jej\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 varianty, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako <i>overlays<\/i>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eivatel chce vz\u00edt Deployment a Service pro nginx, kter\u00e9 jsem pou\u017eil jako p\u0159\u00edklad, a vytvo\u0159it verze (nebo varianty) t\u011bchto soubor\u016f pro v\u00fdvoj, staging a produkci. K tomu pot\u0159ebuje v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 overlays a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zdroje.<\/p>\n<p>Aby ilustrovat my\u0161lenku overlay\u016f a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zdroj\u016f <i>(z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zdroje)<\/i>, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee adres\u00e1\u0159e maj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed strukturu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">- base\n  - deployment.yaml\n  - service.yaml\n  - kustomization.yaml\n- overlays\n  - dev\n    - kustomization.yaml\n  - staging\n    - kustomization.yaml\n  - prod\n    - kustomization.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nV souboru <code>base\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed pole <code>resources<\/code> prost\u011b deklaruj\u00ed zdroje, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 kustomize zahrnout.<\/p>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m z t\u011bchto soubor\u016f <code>overlays\/{dev,staging,prod}\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> u\u017eivatel\u00e9 odkazuj\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konfiguraci v poli <code>resources<\/code>, a pot\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zm\u011bny pro <i>toto prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/i>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad soubor <code>overlays\/dev\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> m\u016f\u017ee vypadat jako p\u0159\u00edklad uveden\u00fd v\u00fd\u0161e:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- ..\/.. \/base\nnamePrefix: dev-\nnamespace: development\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: development<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nP\u0159itom soubor <code>overlays\/prod\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- ..\/.. \/base\nnamePrefix: prod-\nnamespace: production\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: production\n  sre-team: blue<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKdy\u017e u\u017eivatel spust\u00ed <code>kustomize build .<\/code> ve slo\u017ece <code>overlays\/dev<\/code>, kustomize vygeneruje variantu development. Pokud spust\u00edte <code>kustomize build .<\/code> ve slo\u017ece <code>overlays\/prod<\/code> , dostanete variantu production. A to v\u0161e \u2014 bez prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli zm\u011bn v p\u016fvodn\u00edch <i>(z\u00e1kladn\u00edch)<\/i> souborech a to v\u0161e \u2014 deklarativn\u00edm a deterministick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. M\u016f\u017eete committovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konfiguraci a overlayov\u00e9 adres\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159\u00edmo do syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy verz\u00ed, s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto soubor\u016f lze kdykoli znovu vytvo\u0159it po\u017eadovanou konfiguraci.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 \u00favod do Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/959af6422f6ae4c1b8d755e9c5728d38.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i><b>Pozn. p\u0159ek.<\/b>: Ilustrace z dokumentace projektu k pou\u017eit\u00ed overlay\u016f v kustomize<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kustomize um\u00ed <i>mnohem<\/i> v\u00edce, ne\u017e je pops\u00e1no v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee poslou\u017e\u00ed jako dobr\u00fd \u00favod.<\/p>\n<h2>Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje<\/h2>\n<p>\nExistuje mnoho dobr\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a publikac\u00ed o kustomize. Zde je n\u011bkolik, kter\u00e9 jsem pova\u017eoval za obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/levelup.gitconnected.com\/kubernetes-change-base-yaml-config-for-different-environments-prod-test-6224bfb6cdd6\">Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kladn\u00ed YAML konfigurace pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed prod\/test pomoc\u00ed Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.stack-labs.com\/code\/kustomize-101\/\">Kustomize \u2014 Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u0161ablonov\u00e1n\u00ed v Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/manage-kubernetes-objects\/kustomization\/\">Deklarativn\u00ed spr\u00e1va objekt\u016f Kubernetes pomoc\u00ed Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/testingclouds.wordpress.com\/2018\/07\/20\/844\/\">P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed upstream Helm chart\u016f pomoc\u00ed Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<i><b>Pozn. p\u0159ek.<\/b>: Rovn\u011b\u017e doporu\u010duji blok odkaz\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd jako <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kustomize.io\/#resources\">Zdroje<\/a><\/noindex> na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce utilit a n\u00e1slednou kolekci vide\u00ed s nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prezentacemi o kustomize.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1te dotazy nebo n\u00e1vrhy na zlep\u0161en\u00ed tohoto materi\u00e1lu, jsem v\u017edy otev\u0159en\u00fd zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazb\u011b. Spojit se se mnou m\u016f\u017eete v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/scott_lowe\">Twitter<\/a><\/noindex> nebo na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.slack.com\/\">Slack kan\u00e1lu Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>. U\u017eijte si upravov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch manifest\u016f pomoc\u00ed kustomize!<\/p>\n<h2>P.S. od p\u0159ekladatele<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 blog:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/462707\/\">N\u00e1stroje pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e aplikac\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch v Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/445196\/\">Kubernetes 1.14: p\u0159ehled hlavn\u00edch novinek<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/468259\/\">P\u011bt hlavn\u00edch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f Helm Summitu 2019 v Amsterdamu<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/420437\/\">Praktick\u00e9 sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00fdm mana\u017eerem pro Kubernetes \u2014 Helm<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/469179\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b Scott Lowe \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\/\u0441\u043e\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e VMware vSphere). \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 VMware \u2014 Heptio (\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443), \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 Kubernetes. \u0421\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0451\u043c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b Scott Lowe \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f 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