{"id":38858,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/do-svadby-zazhivet-proliferatsiya-kletok-i-regenerativnye-sposobnosti-meduz\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:24","slug":"do-svadby-zazhivet-proliferatsiya-kletok-i-regenerativnye-sposobnosti-meduz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/do-svadby-zazhivet-proliferatsiya-kletok-i-regenerativnye-sposobnosti-meduz","title":{"rendered":"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/283754a183ddc1773497c3269611f497.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCo maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho Wolverine, Deadpool a med\u00faza? V\u0161ichni maj\u00ed \u00fa\u017easnou vlastnost \u2013 regeneraci. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee v komiksech a filmech je tato schopnost, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje mezi velmi omezen\u00fdm po\u010dtem skute\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f, pon\u011bkud (a n\u011bkdy i siln\u011b) p\u0159ehnan\u00e1, ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e1. A to, co je re\u00e1ln\u00e9, lze vysv\u011btlit, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se rozhodli zab\u00fdvat ve sv\u00e9m nov\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu v\u011bdci z univerzity Tohoku (Japonsko). Jak\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 procesy v t\u011ble med\u00fazy souvisej\u00ed s regenerac\u00ed, jak tento proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 a jak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed super-schopnosti tyto \u017eelatinov\u00e9 bytosti maj\u00ed? O tom n\u00e1s informuje zpr\u00e1va v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny. Jdeme na to.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v\u011bdci vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, pro\u010d se rozhodli zam\u011b\u0159it svou pozornost pr\u00e1v\u011b na med\u00fazy. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdzkum\u016f v oblasti biologie se prov\u00e1d\u00ed za \u00fa\u010dasti takzvan\u00fdch modelov\u00fdch organism\u016f: my\u0161\u00ed, octomilek, \u010derv\u016f, ryb a podobn\u011b. Na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b v\u0161ak \u017eij\u00ed miliony druh\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti. Proto nelze \u00fapln\u011b posoudit proces bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 regenerace, pokud studujeme pouze jeden druh, a domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee zkouman\u00fd mechanismus bude obecn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny bytosti na Zemi. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/237bf651cd69f76c4bed60f90b316024.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPokud jde o med\u00fazy, tyto bytosti sv\u00fdm zevn\u011bj\u0161kem samy o sob\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed svou jedine\u010dnost, co\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee neupoutat pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f. Proto, ne\u017e se pust\u00edm do disekce samotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, se sezn\u00e1m\u00edm s jeho hlavn\u00edm hrdinou.<\/p>\n<p>Slovem \u201emed\u00faza\u201c, kter\u00fdm jsme zvykl\u00ed naz\u00fdvat toto stvo\u0159en\u00ed, se ve skute\u010dnosti naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze st\u00e1dium \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu \u017eahav\u00e9ho podtypu <i>Medusozoa<\/i>. \u017dahavci dostali toto neobvykl\u00e9 jm\u00e9no d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u017eahav\u00fdch bun\u011bk (knidocyt\u016f) ve sv\u00e9m organismu, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k lovu a obran\u011b. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, kdy\u017e v\u00e1s \u017eahne med\u00faza, m\u016f\u017eete za bolest a utrpen\u00ed pod\u011bkovat pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bmto bu\u0148k\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Knidocyty obsahuj\u00ed knidocyst \u2013 intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed organelu, kter\u00e1 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za \u201e\u017eahav\u00fd\u201c efekt. Podle sv\u00e9ho vzhledu a metodiky pou\u017eit\u00ed se rozli\u0161uje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f knidocyt\u016f, mezi kter\u00fdmi lze vy\u010dlenit: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Penetranty \u2013 vl\u00e1kna se \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdmi konci, kter\u00e1 se vryj\u00ed do t\u011bla ob\u011bti nebo \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka jako kop\u00ed a vpumpuj\u00ed neurotoxin;<\/li>\n<li>Glutinanty \u2013 lepkav\u00e1 a dlouh\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e1 obklopuj\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 (nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 obj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed); <\/li>\n<li>Volventy \u2013 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, ve kter\u00fdch se ob\u011b\u0165 snadno zamot\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTento netradi\u010dn\u00ed zp\u016fsob vyzbrojen\u00ed vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee med\u00fazy, a\u010dkoliv jsou elegantn\u00ed, nejsou zrovna rychl\u00e9 bytosti. Neurotoxin, kter\u00fd se dostane do t\u011bla ko\u0159isti, okam\u017eit\u011b ji paralyzuje, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 med\u00faze dostatek \u010dasu na ob\u011bd.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e6c7316641ceb921512d2c02107b2144.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Med\u00faza po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m lovu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b neobvykl\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu lovu a obrany m\u00e1 med\u00faza tak\u00e9 velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Samci produkuj\u00ed spermie, samice vaj\u00ed\u010dka, po jejich\u017e slou\u010den\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed planuly (larvy), kter\u00e9 se usazuj\u00ed na dn\u011b. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dase z larvy vyroste p\u00f3lip, od kter\u00e9ho se p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed zralosti doslova odd\u011bl\u00ed mlad\u00e9 med\u00fazy (ve skute\u010dnosti doch\u00e1z\u00ed k pu\u010den\u00ed). Existuje tak n\u011bkolik st\u00e1di\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, jedn\u00edm z nich\u017e je med\u00faza nebo meduzoidn\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/eecb504757979ba8ef4719fbc374e6dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Vlasatice, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako 'lv\u00ed h\u0159\u00edva'.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kdyby se vlasatice zeptaly, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu lovu, odpov\u011bd\u011bla by - v\u00edce chapadel. Je jich p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 (shluky po 15 chapadlech na ka\u017ed\u00e9m rohu kupole). Krom\u011b toho se tento druh med\u00faz pova\u017euje za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 pr\u016fm\u011br kupole m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat 2 metr\u016f, a chapadla b\u011bhem lovu mohou b\u00fdt prodlou\u017eena a\u017e na 20 metr\u016f. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed tento druh nen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \"jedovat\u00fd\", tak\u017ee nen\u00ed smrteln\u00fd pro \u010dlov\u011bka. <\/p>\n<p>Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 osa by p\u0159idala k po\u010dtu tak\u00e9 kvalitu. Tento druh med\u00faz m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 15 chapadel (o d\u00e9lce 3 m) na ka\u017ed\u00e9m ze \u010dty\u0159 roh\u016f kupole, ale jejich jed je mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9. Pova\u017euje se, \u017ee neurotoxin v t\u011ble mo\u0159sk\u00e9 osy je dostate\u010dn\u00fd k zabit\u00ed 60 lid\u00ed b\u011bhem 3 minut. Tento stra\u0161\u00e1k mo\u0159\u00ed \u017eije v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti severn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f za obdob\u00ed od roku 1884 do roku 1996 v Austr\u00e1lii zem\u0159elo 63 lid\u00ed, ale tyto \u00fadaje mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159esn\u00e9 a po\u010det fat\u00e1ln\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka s mo\u0159skou osou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b podle \u00fadaj\u016f za l\u00e9ta 1991-2004 bylo z 225 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pouze 8 % po\u0161kozen\u00fdch hospitalizov\u00e1no, mezi nimi\u017e do\u0161lo k jednomu \u00famrt\u00ed (t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/4e7495cbea692ea2600dcefccc037aef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 osa<\/i><\/p>\n<p>A nyn\u00ed se vra\u0165me k t\u00e9matu, kter\u00e9 dnes zkoum\u00e1me.<\/p>\n<p>Z pohledu bun\u011bk je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm procesem cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota jak\u00e9hokoli organismu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 proliferace \u2014 proces r\u016fstu tkanin organismu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk. B\u011bhem r\u016fstu organismu tento proces reguluje zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed rozm\u011br\u016f t\u011bla. A kdy\u017e je organismus zcela vyvinut\u00fd, proliferuj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky reguluj\u00ed fyziologickou v\u00fdm\u011bnu bun\u011bk a nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch nov\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Koralovci, jako p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 skupina bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch a ran\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed v\u00fdvoje mnohobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f, byly po mnoho let pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k studiu evolu\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f. Proto koralovci nejsou v\u00fdjimkou, pokud jde o proliferaci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad b\u011bhem embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje mo\u0159sk\u00e9 anemonky <i>Nematostella vectensis<\/i> je proliferace bun\u011bk koordinov\u00e1na s organizac\u00ed epitelu a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na v\u00fdvoji chapadel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/19086a982c74e5dec5db8641d75040c2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nematostella vectensis<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, jak u\u017e v\u00edme, koralovci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi regenera\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi. Nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mezi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky jsou ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed polypy hru\u0161kovce (rod sladkovodn\u00edch sedav\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f z t\u0159\u00eddy hru\u0161kovc\u016f). Proliferace, aktivovan\u00e1 um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edmi bu\u0148kami, spou\u0161t\u00ed proces regenerace baz\u00e1ln\u00ed hlavy hru\u0161kovce. Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev t\u00e9to bytosti nazna\u010duje mytologickou bytost zn\u00e1mou svou regenerac\u00ed \u2014 Lernejsk\u00e1 hydra, nad kterou dok\u00e1zal zv\u00edt\u011bzit H\u00e9rakl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoliv se regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti poda\u0159ilo spojit s proliferac\u00ed, st\u00e1le nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak p\u0159esn\u011b tento bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvoje organismu.<\/p>\n<p>Med\u00fazy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se ze dvou f\u00e1z\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (vegetativn\u00ed a pohlavn\u00ed), p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed model pro studium proliferace. <\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci hr\u00e1la hlavn\u00ed zkouman\u00e1 bytost med\u00faza druhu Cladonema pacificum. Tento druh \u017eije u b\u0159eh\u016f Japonska. P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u00e1 tato med\u00faza 9 hlavn\u00edch chapadel, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u011btvit a zv\u011bt\u0161ovat se (stejn\u011b jako cel\u00e9 t\u011blo) b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje do dosp\u011bl\u00e9 podoby. Tato vlastnost umo\u017e\u0148uje podrobn\u011b studovat v\u0161echny mechanismy, kter\u00e9 se na tomto procesu pod\u00edlej\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b <i>Cladonema pacificum<\/i> ve studii byly zva\u017eov\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed druhy med\u00faz: <i>Cytaeis uchidai <\/i>a <i>Rathkea octopunctata<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n<p>\nAby porozum\u011bli prostorov\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti proliferace bun\u011bk u med\u00fazy Cladonema, v\u011bdci pou\u017eili barven\u00ed 5-ethynyl-2\u2019-deoxyruridinem (EdU), kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duje bu\u0148ky v <i>S-f\u00e1zi*<\/i> nebo bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 ji ji\u017e pro\u0161ly.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>S-f\u00e1ze*<\/b> je f\u00e1ze bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu, ve kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k replikaci DNA.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee <i>Cladonema<\/i> se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161uje a projevuje v\u011btven\u00ed chapadel b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje (<b>1A<\/b>&#8212;<b>1C<\/b>), m\u016f\u017ee se rozlo\u017een\u00ed proliferuj\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk m\u011bnit v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho zr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/12306fb29a897579c61cceffeea7f722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 1: rysy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 proliferace u mlad\u00fdch Cladonema.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky t\u00e9to vlastnosti se poda\u0159ilo prostudovat mechanismus proliferace bun\u011bk jak u mlad\u00fdch (den 1), tak u pohlavn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch (den 45) med\u00faz.<\/p>\n<p>U mlad\u00fdch med\u00faz byly pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky nalezeny v hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu v cel\u00e9m t\u011ble, v\u010detn\u011b de\u0161tn\u00edku, manubria (oporn\u00fd org\u00e1n \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny u med\u00faz) a chapadel, nez\u00e1visle na \u010dase expozice EdU (<b>1C<\/b>\u2013<b>1K<\/b> a <b>1N<\/b>\u2013<b>1O<\/b>, EdU: 20 \u03bcM (mikromol\u00e1rn\u00ed) po 24 hodin\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n<p>V manubriu bylo nalezeno velmi m\u00e1lo pozitivn\u00edch EdU bun\u011bk (<b>1F<\/b> a <b>1G<\/b>), av\u0161ak v de\u0161tn\u00edku bylo jejich rozlo\u017een\u00ed velmi rovnom\u011brn\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti de\u0161tn\u00edku (<i>exumbrella<\/i>, <b>1H<\/b>&#8212;<b>1K<\/b>). V chapadlech byly pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky siln\u011b shlukov\u00e1ny (<b>1N<\/b>). Pou\u017eit\u00ed mitotick\u00e9ho markeru (protil\u00e1tky PH3) potvrdilo, \u017ee pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky jsou skute\u010dn\u011b proliferuj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 PH3 bu\u0148ky byly nalezeny jak v de\u0161tn\u00edku, tak v cibuli chapadla (<b>1L<\/b> a <b>1P<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>V chapadlech byly mitotick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b nalezeny v ektodermu (<b>1P<\/b>), zat\u00edmco v de\u0161tn\u00edku se proliferuj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky nach\u00e1zely v povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b (<b>1M<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/757520bbe6df822e8df7763407b166a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 2: rysy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 proliferace u pohlavn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch Cladonema.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Jak u mlad\u00fdch jedinc\u016f, tak u pohlavn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch byly pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed nalezeny po cel\u00e9m t\u011ble. V de\u0161tn\u00edku pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky \u010dast\u011bji le\u017eely v povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b ne\u017e v doln\u00ed, co\u017e je podobn\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm u mlad\u00fdch jedinc\u016f (<b>2A<\/b>&#8212;<b>2D<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Zde byla situace v chapadlech pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u00e1. Pozitivn\u00ed EdU bu\u0148ky se hromadily u z\u00e1kladny chapadla (\u017e\u00e1rovka), kde byly nalezeny dv\u011b shluky po obou stran\u00e1ch \u017e\u00e1rovky (<b>2E<\/b> a <b>2F<\/b>). U mlad\u00fdch jedinc\u016f byla podobn\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1na (<b>1N<\/b>), tj. \u017e\u00e1rovky chapadel mohou b\u00fdt hlavn\u00ed oblast\u00ed proliferace po celou meduzoidn\u00ed f\u00e1zi. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v manubriu dosp\u011bl\u00fdch jedinc\u016f bylo pozitivn\u00edch EdU bun\u011bk v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e u mlad\u00fdch (<b>2G<\/b> a <b>2H<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Mezit\u00edmn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br je, \u017ee proliferace bun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat rovnom\u011brn\u011b v de\u0161tn\u00edku med\u00fazy, zat\u00edmco v chapadlech je tento proces velmi lokalizovan\u00fd. Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee rovnom\u011brn\u00e1 proliferace bun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00eddit r\u016fst t\u011bla a homeost\u00e1z tk\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco shluky proliferuj\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk bl\u00edzko \u017e\u00e1rovek chapadel se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed morfogeneze chapadel.<\/p>\n<p>Z hlediska v\u00fdvoje t\u011bla jako takov\u00e9ho hraje proliferace d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v r\u016fstu t\u011bla.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/16e9263fefd476548addcde85f6f16e2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 3: v\u00fdznam proliferace v procesu r\u016fstu t\u011bla med\u00fazy.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aby to ov\u011b\u0159ili v praxi, v\u011bdci sledovali r\u016fst t\u011bla med\u00faz, po\u010d\u00ednaje mlad\u00fdmi jedinci. Velikost t\u011bla med\u00fazy se nejl\u00e9pe odhaduje podle jej\u00edho de\u0161tn\u00edku, proto\u017ee roste rovnom\u011brn\u011b a p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u011b cel\u00e9mu t\u011blu. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00edm krmen\u00ed v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se velikost de\u0161tn\u00edku b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 24 hodin v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 54,8 % \u2014 z 0,62 \u00b1 0,02 mm\u00b2 na 0,96 \u00b1 0,02 mm\u00b2. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 5 dn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se velikost pomalu a plynule zvy\u0161ovala na 0,98 \u00b1 0,03 mm\u00b2 (<b>3A<\/b>&#8212;<b>3C<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Med\u00fazy z jin\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 byly zbaveny potravy, nerostly, ale zmen\u0161ovaly se (\u010derven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra na grafu <b>3C<\/b>). Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch med\u00faz uk\u00e1zala n\u00edzk\u00fd po\u010det EdU bun\u011bk: 1240,6 \u00b1 214,3 u med\u00faz z kontroln\u00ed skupiny a 433,6 \u00b1 133 u hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch (<b>3D<\/b>&#8212;<b>3H<\/b>). Toto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u016fkazem toho, \u017ee strava p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje proces proliferace.<\/p>\n<p>Aby tuto hypot\u00e9zu ov\u011b\u0159ili, v\u011bdci provedli farmakologickou anal\u00fdzu, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9 blokovali postup bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu pomoc\u00ed hydroxikarbamidu (CH4N2O2) \u2013 inhibitora bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje zastaven\u00ed v G1. V\u00fdsledkem tohoto z\u00e1sahu byly bu\u0148ky ve S-f\u00e1zi, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve detekov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed EdU, kter\u00e9 zmizely (<b>3I<\/b>&#8212;<b>3L<\/b>). T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem med\u00fazy, kter\u00e9 byly vystaveny CH4N2O2, neprok\u00e1zaly n\u00e1r\u016fst t\u011bla, na rozd\u00edl od kontroln\u00ed skupiny (<b>3M<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem v\u00fdzkumu bylo podrobn\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btven\u00fdch chapadel med\u00faz, aby potvrdili p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee lok\u00e1ln\u00ed proliferace bun\u011bk v chapadlech p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jejich morfogenezi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/78f364bbb19c83bb5a6b9b9b0c56c832.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 4: vliv lok\u00e1ln\u00ed proliferace na r\u016fst a v\u011btven\u00ed chapadel med\u00faz.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Chapadla mlad\u00e9 med\u00fazy maj\u00ed jednu v\u011btev, ale v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se jejich po\u010det zvy\u0161uje. V laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se v\u011btven\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ilo t\u0159ikr\u00e1t dev\u00e1t\u00fd den pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed (<b>4A<\/b> a <b>4\u0421<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Op\u011bt, p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed CH4N2O2 nebylo pozorov\u00e1no v\u011btven\u00ed chapadel, ale byla tam pouze jedna v\u011btev (<b>4B<\/b> a <b>4C<\/b>). Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee odstran\u011bn\u00ed CH4N2O2 z t\u011bla med\u00faz obnovilo proces v\u011btven\u00ed chapadel, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee farmakologick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy jsou vratn\u00e9. Tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jasn\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost proliferace pro v\u00fdvoj chapadel. <\/p>\n<p>\u017dahavci by nebyli \u017eahavci bez nematocit\u016f (knotodc\u00e9ty, tj. \u017eahav\u00e9 bu\u0148ky). U med\u00fazy druhu Clytia hemisphaerica kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v cibul\u00edch chapadel dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed nematocysty na \u0161pi\u010dky chapadel pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky proliferaci bun\u011bk. Pochopiteln\u011b se v\u011bdci rozhodli ov\u011b\u0159it i toto tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kovov\u00e1n\u00edm kyanidov\u00fdm barvivem byl zp\u016fsoben jev pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovat poly-\u03b3-glutam\u00e1t syntetizovan\u00fd ve st\u011bn\u011b nematocystu (DAPI, tj. 4\u2019,6-diamidino-2-fenylindol).<\/p>\n<p>Barven\u00ed poly-\u03b3-glutam\u00e1tu umo\u017enilo zhodnotit velikost nematocit\u016f, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala od 2 do 110 mkm2 (<b>4D<\/b>&#8212;<b>4G<\/b>). Bylo tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bno ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch nematocyst\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tyto nematocity byly vy\u010derp\u00e1ny (<b>4D<\/b>&#8212;<b>4G<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Aktivita proliferace v chapadlech med\u00faz byla ov\u011b\u0159ena studiem pr\u00e1zdnot v nematocitech po zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu pomoc\u00ed CH4N2O2. Pod\u00edl pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch nematocyt\u016f u med\u00faz po medikament\u00f3zn\u00edm z\u00e1sahu byl vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u kontroln\u00ed skupiny: 11,4 % \u00b1 2,0 % u med\u00faz z kontroln\u00ed skupiny a 19,7 % \u00b1 2,0 % u med\u00faz s CH4N2O2 (<b>4D<\/b>&#8212;<b>4G<\/b> a <b>4H<\/b>). Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee i po vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed nematocyty nad\u00e1le aktivn\u011b z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed progenitorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky proliferac\u00ed, co\u017e potvrzuje vliv tohoto procesu nejen na v\u00fdvoj chapadel, ale tak\u00e9 na nematogenezi v nich.<\/p>\n<p>Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla f\u00e1ze v\u00fdzkumu regenera\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed med\u00faz. Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 koncentraci prolifera\u010dn\u00edch bun\u011bk v h\u0159ebeni chapadla u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch med\u00faz <i>Cladonema<\/i>, se v\u011bdci rozhodli prozkoumat regeneraci pr\u00e1v\u011b chapadel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/8659bf8a7b1e94731654e17f52656ca7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 5: vliv proliferace na regeneraci chapadel.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Po proveden\u00ed disekce chapadel u z\u00e1kladny byl pozorov\u00e1n proces regenerace (<b>5A<\/b>\u2013<b>5D<\/b>). V pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00edch 24 hodin prob\u00edhalo hojen\u00ed v oblasti \u0159ezu (<b>5B<\/b>). Druh\u00fd den pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dal konec chapadla r\u016fst a objevily se v\u011btven\u00ed (<b>5\u0421<\/b>). P\u00e1t\u00fd den bylo chapadlo pln\u011b rozv\u011btven\u00e9 (<b>5D<\/b>), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee regenerace chapadla m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1sledovat norm\u00e1ln\u00ed morfogenezi chapadla po prodlou\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Aby l\u00e9pe prozkoumali po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi regenerace, v\u011bdci analyzovali rozlo\u017een\u00ed prolifera\u010dn\u00edch bun\u011bk pomoc\u00ed PH3 barven\u00ed pro vizualizaci mitotick\u00fdch bun\u011bk. <\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco d\u011blic\u00ed bu\u0148ky byly \u010dasto pozorov\u00e1ny v bl\u00edzkosti amputovan\u00e9 oblasti, mitotick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky byly rozpt\u00fdleny v neroz\u0159ezan\u00fdch kontroln\u00edch h\u0159ebenech s chapadly (<b>5E<\/b> a <b>5F<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Kvantiativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed PH3-pozitivn\u00edch bun\u011bk p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch v h\u0159ebenech chapadel umo\u017enilo zjistit v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed PH3-pozitivn\u00edch bun\u011bk v h\u0159ebenech chapadel u jedinc\u016f s amputovan\u00fdmi kon\u010detinami v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed skupinou (<b>5G.<\/b>). Z\u00e1v\u011br: po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed regenera\u010dn\u00ed procesy jsou doprov\u00e1zeny aktivn\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm proliferace bun\u011bk v h\u0159ebenech chapadel.<\/p>\n<p>Zjistit vliv proliferace na regeneraci umo\u017enilo blokov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk pomoc\u00ed CH4N2O2 po od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed chapadla. U kontroln\u00ed skupiny doch\u00e1zelo k prodlou\u017een\u00ed chapadla po amputaci norm\u00e1ln\u011b, jak se o\u010dek\u00e1valo. Naproti tomu u skupiny, na kter\u00e9 byl aplikov\u00e1n CH4N2O2, prodlou\u017een\u00ed nenastalo, i kdy\u017e hojen\u00ed r\u00e1ny prob\u00edhalo norm\u00e1ln\u011b (<b>5H<\/b>). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, hojen\u00ed se bude d\u00edt v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, ale pro spr\u00e1vnou regeneraci chapadla je nutn\u00e1 proliferace.<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec se v\u011bdci rozhodli studovat proliferaci u jin\u00fdch druh\u016f med\u00faz, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b u <i>Cytaeis<\/i> a <i>Rathkea<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Do svatby se to zahoj\u00ed: proliferace bun\u011bk a regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti med\u00faz\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f9a4dd1bf1cf687a9a65dc43612b909c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 6: srovn\u00e1n\u00ed proliferace u med\u00faz druhu Cytaeis (vlevo) a Rathkea (vpravo).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V <i>Cytaeis<\/i> u medusy byly pozorov\u00e1ny EdU-pozitivn\u00ed bu\u0148ky v manubriu, cibulk\u00e1ch chapadel a v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti de\u0161tn\u00edku (<b>6\u0410<\/b> a <b>6B<\/b>). Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch PH3-pozitivn\u00edch bun\u011bk u <i>Cytaeis<\/i> je velmi podobn\u00e9 <i>Cladonema<\/i>, nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 rozd\u00edly (<b>6C<\/b> a <b>6D<\/b>). U <i>Rathkea<\/i> byly EdU-pozitivn\u00ed a PH3-pozitivn\u00ed bu\u0148ky nalezeny prakticky v\u00fdhradn\u011b v oblasti manubria a cibulek chapadel (<b>6E<\/b>&#8212;<b>6H<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee proliferuj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky byly \u010dasto identifikov\u00e1ny v pupenech med\u00fazy <i>Rathkea<\/i> (<b>6E<\/b>&#8212;<b>6G<\/b>), co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed bezpohlavn\u00ed typ reprodukce tohoto druhu.<\/p>\n<p>S ohledem na z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee proliferace bun\u011bk prob\u00edh\u00e1 v cibulk\u00e1ch chapadel rozhodn\u011b nejen u jednoho druhu med\u00faz, a\u010dkoli existuj\u00ed i rozd\u00edly zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 r\u016fznicemi v fyziologii a morfologii.<\/p>\n<p>Pro podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se s nuancemi v\u00fdzkumu doporu\u010duji nahl\u00e9dnout do <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/7579.pdf\">zpr\u00e1vy v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Epilog<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedn\u00edm z m\u00fdch nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch postav je Hercule Poirot. P\u0159esn\u00fd detektiv si v\u017edy zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u0161\u00edmal drobn\u00fdch detail\u016f, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00edm p\u0159ipadaly nepodstatn\u00e9. V\u011bdci jsou v mnoha ohledech podobn\u00ed detektiv\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed sb\u00edraj\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt, aby odpov\u011bd\u011bli na v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a odhalili \"vinn\u00edka\". <\/p>\n<p>Jak zoufale to zn\u00ed, regenerace bun\u011bk med\u00faz je p\u0159\u00edmo spojena s proliferac\u00ed \u2014 nezbytn\u00fdm procesem ve v\u00fdvoji bun\u011bk, tk\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem cel\u00e9ho organismu. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto v\u0161evysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00edho procesu n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt molekul\u00e1rn\u00edm mechanism\u016fm, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed v jeho z\u00e1kladu, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it nejen rozsah na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed, ale i p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnit n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. <\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">P\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed off-topic:<\/b><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"-dMcUH2rMnY\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/-dMcUH2rMnY\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<i>Pochod med\u016fz druhu aurelija, vyru\u0161en\u00fd dravcem s neobvykl\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u201efried egg jellyfish\u201c, tedy med\u00faza-vejce (Planet Earth, koment\u00e1\u0159 - David Attenborough).<\/i><\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"u7QXdlSBGGY\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/u7QXdlSBGGY\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<i>Nen\u00ed to med\u00faza, ale toto hlubinn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed (pelik\u00e1novit\u00fd velk\u00e9ho tlamy) se ne tak \u010dasto poda\u0159\u00ed nato\u010dit (reakce v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f je jednodu\u0161e dojemn\u00e1).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bkuji za pozornost, z\u016fsta\u0148te zv\u011bdav\u00ed a p\u0159eji v\u0161em skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00edkendy, kamar\u00e1di! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>\nD\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, <b>30 % sleva pro u\u017eivatele Habra na jedine\u010dn\u00fd analog entry-level server\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/347386\/\">Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pravda o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n<p><b>Dell R730xd za polovinu ceny?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/serversnl\">2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! <b>Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/329618\/\">Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/470934\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0439, \u0414\u044d\u0434\u043f\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0439? \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 (\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0410 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/do-svadby-zazhivet-proliferatsiya-kletok-i-regenerativnye-sposobnosti-meduz\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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