{"id":39037,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:31","slug":"kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","title":{"rendered":"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondrie. Jak si udr\u017eet zdrav\u00ed a odd\u00e1lit st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/piter\/blog\/471704\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondrie. Jak si udr\u017eet zdrav\u00ed a odd\u00e1lit st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/d320068deaa5cc852485a11db0f87917.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex> Touha ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka je z\u016fstat mlad\u00fd co nejd\u00e9le. Nechceme st\u00e1rnout a nemocn\u011bt, ob\u00e1v\u00e1me se v\u0161eho \u2013 rakoviny, Alzheimerovy choroby, infarktu, mrtvice\u2026 Je \u010das se zamyslet, odkud rakovina poch\u00e1z\u00ed, zda existuje spojen\u00ed mezi srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00edm a Alzheimerovou chorobou, neplodnost\u00ed a ztr\u00e1tou sluchu. Pro\u010d antioxidantn\u00ed dopl\u0148ky n\u011bkdy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku? A hlavn\u011b: m\u016f\u017eeme \u017e\u00edt dlouho a bez nemoc\u00ed, a pokud ano, jak?<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161em t\u011ble pracuj\u00ed drobn\u00e9 \u201eenergetick\u00e9 stanice\u201c \u2013 mitochondrie. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ony odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed a dobrou pohodu. Kdy\u017e funguj\u00ed dob\u0159e, nec\u00edt\u00edme nedostatek energie. Kdy\u017e funguj\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b \u2013 trp\u00edme nemocemi. Doktor Lee Now odhaluje tajemstv\u00ed: onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt nesouvisl\u00e1 \u2013 cukrovka, rakovina, schizofrenie, chronick\u00e1 \u00fanava, Parkinsonova choroba a dal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 maj\u00ed spole\u010dnou podstatu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes v\u00edme, jak zlep\u0161it fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mitochondri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed energii pro organismus na 90 %. Tato kniha v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b, \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu, ketogenn\u00ed diet\u011b a dopl\u0148c\u00edch, kter\u00e9 obnovuj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed mitochondri\u00edm a t\u00edm i n\u00e1m.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u00daryvek. Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed syndrom<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe mi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 to p\u0159iznat, ale byl jsem div\u00e1kem reality show \u201eN\u00e1mluvy\u201c. Velmi m\u011b zaujal t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00edl 17. s\u00e9rie (leden 2013), ve kter\u00e9m Sin (n\u00e1padn\u00edk) a Ashley (uchaze\u010dka) odjeli na sch\u016fzku se dv\u011bma d\u00edvkami trp\u00edc\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edm mitochondri\u00ed. Pro mnoh\u00e9 z v\u00e1s, pokud jste tento d\u00edl sledovali, to bylo poprv\u00e9, co jste sly\u0161eli o mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edm syndromu (mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed syndrom je soubor onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s vrozen\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm mitochondri\u00ed). Tato skupina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak je st\u00e1le l\u00e9pe zkoum\u00e1na, jakmile technologie genetick\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed gen\u016f se st\u00e1v\u00e1 snaz\u0161\u00ed, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>A\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy byl pln\u011b sekvenov\u00e1n lidsk\u00fd mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed genom, byly zpr\u00e1vy o mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Situace se zm\u011bnila s mo\u017enost\u00ed dek\u00f3dovat mtDNA mnoha pacient\u016f. To vedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu registrovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f trp\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdmi mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. Mezi nimi je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden z p\u011bti (nebo dokonce dva a p\u016fl) tis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Zde nezahrnujeme osoby s nevyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdmi formami mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho se tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il seznam p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edho syndromu, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o chaotick\u00e9 povaze t\u011bchto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fdmi genetick\u00fdmi a klinick\u00fdmi obrazy, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edmi mix ze \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra existuj\u00edc\u00edch diagnostick\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Vzorce d\u011bdi\u010dnosti zde n\u011bkdy podl\u00e9haj\u00ed a n\u011bkdy naopak nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed Mendelov\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u016fm. Mendel popsal pravidla d\u011bdi\u010dnosti znak\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm norm\u00e1ln\u00edch gen\u016f jadern\u00e9 DNA. Pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu genetick\u00e9ho znaku nebo d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 nemoci lze snadno vypo\u010d\u00edtat na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvantitativn\u00ed predikce v\u00fdsledk\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00ed potomstva p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch kvalitativn\u00edch znac\u00edch pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dnosti jedn\u00e9 ze dvou kopi\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e genu od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z rodi\u010d\u016f (v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd potomek z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 dv\u011b kopie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho genu). V t\u011bch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed syndrom zp\u016fsoben vadou jadern\u00fdch gen\u016f, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed vzorce d\u011bdi\u010dnosti skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed Mendelova pravidla. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak dva typy genom\u016f, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed funkci mitochondri\u00ed: mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA (p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 pouze po matern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii) a jadern\u00e1 DNA (d\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 od obou rodi\u010d\u016f). V d\u016fsledku toho se typy d\u011bdi\u010dnosti li\u0161\u00ed od autozom\u00e1ln\u011b dominantn\u00edch po autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed a tak\u00e9 po p\u0159enosu genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu po matersk\u00e9 linii. <\/p>\n<p>Situaci je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce komplikuje to, \u017ee mezi mtDNA a jadernou DNA se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 interakce. V d\u016fsledku toho mohou stejn\u00e9 mutace mtDNA zp\u016fsobovat zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky u sourozenc\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch ve stejn\u00e9 rodin\u011b (mohou m\u00edt odli\u0161nou jadernou DNA, p\u0159esto\u017ee maj\u00ed identickou mtDNA), zat\u00edmco mutace mohou vyvol\u00e1vat identick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. I u dvoj\u010dat se stejnou diagn\u00f3zou mohou b\u00fdt klinick\u00e9 obrazce nemoci radik\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 (konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, kter\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b jsou patogenn\u00edm procesem posti\u017een\u00e9), zat\u00edmco lid\u00e9 s mutacemi mohou trp\u011bt podobn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed stejn\u00fd obraz nemoci. <\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 tak \u010di onak, v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dku existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed variac\u00ed mtDNA, a tento fakt devalvuje v\u0161echny predikce ohledn\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f genetick\u00e9ho d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. Povaha t\u00e9to skupiny nemoc\u00ed je tak chaotick\u00e1, \u017ee soubor p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch dan\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit z desetilet\u00ed na desetilet\u00ed a li\u0161it se i u sourozenc\u016f s identick\u00fdmi mutacemi mitochondrialn\u00ed DNA. Nav\u00edc, n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed syndrom jednodu\u0161e zmizet, a\u010dkoliv byl (nebo m\u011bl b\u00fdt) zd\u011bd\u011bn. Ale takov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, a v\u011bt\u0161inou mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed progreduj\u00ed. V tabulk\u00e1ch 2.2 a 2.3 jsou uvedeny nemoci a p\u0159\u00edznaky spojen\u00e9 s mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed disfunkc\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako genetick\u00e9 faktory t\u011bchto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti je v\u011bd\u011b zn\u00e1mo v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 typ\u016f mutac\u00ed mitochondri\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mnoho degenerativn\u00edch chorob je zp\u016fsobeno mutacemi tohoto druhu (to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00edme p\u0159eklasifikovat obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a za\u0159adit je do kategorie mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed). <\/p>\n<p>Jak v\u00edme, tyto mutace mohou zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee mitochondrie p\u0159estanou plnit funkci v\u00fdroby energie, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed \u010dinnosti nebo smrti bun\u011bk. V\u0161echny bu\u0148ky (s v\u00fdjimkou \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek) obsahuj\u00ed mitochondrie, a proto mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed syndrom ovliv\u0148uje mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 a r\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my organismu (sou\u010dasn\u011b nebo postupn\u011b).<\/p>\n<p>Tabulka 2.2. Znaky, symptomy a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkc\u00ed<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondrie. Jak si udr\u017eet zdrav\u00ed a odd\u00e1lit st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/8cf02107cc45962c50e063714c2a350f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTabulka 2.3. Vrozen\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkc\u00ed<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondrie. Jak si udr\u017eet zdrav\u00ed a odd\u00e1lit st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2feee61f1963b425e9bb79a063e93bed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 org\u00e1ny nebo tk\u00e1n\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed energii v\u00edce ne\u017e jin\u00e9. Kdy\u017e energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu nemohou b\u00fdt zcela uspokojeny, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se projevovat symptomy mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edho syndromu. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zasahuj\u00ed funkce mozku, nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, sval\u016f, srdce, ledvin a endokrinn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, tedy v\u0161ech org\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 pro svou norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost vy\u017eaduj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00edskan\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkc\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nJak na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce a dysfunkce roste, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me vytv\u00e1\u0159et dlouh\u00fd seznam nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v z\u00e1kladu mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkci, a objas\u0148ovat mechanismy jejich vzniku a v\u00fdvoje. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch studi\u00ed trp\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edm syndromem ka\u017ed\u00fd 2500. \u010dlov\u011bk. Pokud se v\u0161ak pod\u00edv\u00e1te na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd seznam, souhlas\u00edte, \u017ee s vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed budou mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (vrozen\u00e1 \u010di z\u00edskan\u00e1) brzy diagnostikov\u00e1na u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho p\u00e1t\u00e9ho nebo dokonce u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho des\u00e1t\u00e9ho obyvatele z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diabetes II. typu<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Alzheimerova nemoc<\/li>\n<li>Parkinsonova nemoc<\/li>\n<li>Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed porucha<\/li>\n<li>Schizofrenie<\/li>\n<li>St\u00e1rnut\u00ed a degenerace<\/li>\n<li>\u00dazkostn\u00e1 porucha<\/li>\n<li>Nealkoholick\u00e1 steat\u00f3za jater<\/li>\n<li>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Sarkopenie (ztr\u00e1ta svalov\u00e9 hmoty a s\u00edly)<\/li>\n<li>Tolerancia v\u016f\u010di fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1maze<\/li>\n<li>\u00danava, v\u010detn\u011b syndromu chronick\u00e9 \u00fanavy, fibromyalgie a myofasci\u00e1ln\u00edch bolest\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa genetick\u00e9 \u00farovni jsou s t\u00edmto v\u0161\u00edm spojeny velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy. Energetickou s\u00edlu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osoby lze ur\u010dit zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm vrozen\u00fdch poruch jej\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA. Ale to je pouze v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod. S \u010dasem se v t\u011ble hromad\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 defekty mtDNA a jakmile dan\u00fd org\u00e1n p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010ditou mez, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se kazit nebo podl\u00e9h\u00e1 degeneraci (ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n m\u00e1 sv\u016fj prah tolerance, o \u010dem\u017e si pov\u00edme podrobn\u011bji). <\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eitost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 mitochondrie obsahuje a\u017e deset kopi\u00ed mtDNA a ka\u017ed\u00e1 bu\u0148ka, ka\u017ed\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 a ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n m\u00e1 mnoho mitochondri\u00ed. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v na\u0161em t\u011ble nelze spo\u010d\u00edtat defekty v kopi\u00edch mtDNA. Dysfunkce konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho org\u00e1nu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1, kdy\u017e procento defektn\u00edch mitochondri\u00ed v n\u011bm obsa\u017een\u00fdch p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010ditou hodnotu. Tento jev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 prahov\u00fd efekt. Ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n a ka\u017ed\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed specifick\u00fdm mutac\u00edm a maj\u00ed sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed muta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1h, energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a odolnost v\u016f\u010di vlivu voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f. Kombinace t\u011bchto faktor\u016f ur\u010duje, jak bude \u017eiv\u00fd syst\u00e9m reagovat na genetick\u00e9 poruchy. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud je defektn\u00edch pouze 10 % mitochondri\u00ed, 90 % zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch norm\u00e1ln\u00edch gener\u00e1tor\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie m\u016f\u017ee kompenzovat dysfunkci sv\u00fdch \u201ekoleg\u016f\u201c. Nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud je mutace nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1, ale postihla velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mitochondri\u00ed, bu\u0148ka m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le fungovat norm\u00e1ln\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Existuje tak\u00e9 koncept segregace defektn\u00edch mitochondri\u00ed: p\u0159i d\u011blen\u00ed bu\u0148ky se mitochondrie n\u00e1hodn\u011b rozd\u011bluj\u00ed mezi dv\u011b dce\u0159in\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Jedna z t\u011bchto bun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee dostat v\u0161echny mutovan\u00e9 mitochondrie, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat v\u0161echny plnohodnotn\u00e9 \"elektr\u00e1rny\" (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou interm\u00e9dia). Bu\u0148ky s dysfunk\u010dn\u00edmi mitochondriemi zahynou v procesu apopt\u00f3zy, zat\u00edmco zdrav\u00e9 nad\u00e1le pln\u00ed svou funkci (jedno z vysv\u011btlen\u00ed n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho a ne\u010dekan\u00e9ho zmizen\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edho syndromu). Fenom\u00e9n rozd\u00edl\u016f v sekvenc\u00edch DNA mitochondri\u00ed (nebo plastid\u016f) ve stejn\u00e9m organismu, \u010dasto dokonce v jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ce, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 mitochondrie mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad obsahovat n\u011bjakou patologickou mutaci, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 ne, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 heteroplazmie. Stupe\u0148 heteroplazmie se li\u0161\u00ed i mezi \u010dleny jedn\u00e9 rodiny. Krom\u011b toho se \u00farove\u0148 heteroplazmie m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit dokonce i v r\u00e1mci jednoho organismu v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm org\u00e1nu nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bu\u0148ce, co\u017e vede k velmi \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru projev\u016f a symptom\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>V t\u011ble rostouc\u00edho embrya se p\u0159i d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk mitochondrie s mutacemi dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do org\u00e1n\u016f a tk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami. A pokud mutovan\u00e9 mitochondrie v hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu osidluj\u00ed bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasem m\u011bn\u00ed na metabolicky aktivn\u00ed struktury (nap\u0159\u00edklad mozek nebo srdce), pak tento organismus m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee s kvalitou \u017eivota (pokud je v\u016fbec \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd). Na druhou stranu, pokud se hromad\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dysfunk\u010dn\u00edch mitochondri\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkou metabolickou intenzitou (\u0159ekn\u011bme v ko\u017en\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se pravideln\u011b obm\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed), pak nositel t\u011bchto mitochondri\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nikdy nepoznat svou genetickou predispozici k mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edmu syndromu. V zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m epizod\u011b ze \"Svatby na prvn\u00ed pohled\" jedna z d\u00edvek s mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed chorobou se zd\u00e1la b\u00fdt zcela norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 jasn\u011b trp\u011bla v\u00e1\u017enou nemoc\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed mutace se spont\u00e1nn\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00ed s v\u011bkem v d\u016fsledku tvorby voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho metabolismu. To, co se d\u011bje d\u00e1l, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud se bunka napln\u011bn\u00e1 dysfunk\u010dn\u00edmi mitochondriemi d\u011bl\u00ed vysokou rychlost\u00ed, jako to d\u011blaj\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed, pak defektn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory energie budou aktivn\u011b expandovat. Pokud oslaben\u00e1 bunka ji\u017e nen\u00ed schopna d\u011blen\u00ed (p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o neuron), pak mutace z\u016fstanou pouze v t\u00e9to bu\u0148ce, co\u017e v\u0161ak nevylu\u010duje mo\u017enost \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 mutace. Tak\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b slo\u017eitost\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edho syndromu je vysv\u011btleno, \u017ee vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed bioenergetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f organismu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edmi mutacemi se projevuje v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru r\u016fzn\u00fdch a komplexn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a symptom\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Mus\u00edme si tak\u00e9 uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee existuje mnoho gen\u016f mimo mtDNA, kter\u00e9 jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci mitochondri\u00ed. Pokud mutace ovlivn\u00ed geny k\u00f3duj\u00edc\u00ed RNA, obvykle maj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159i sv\u00e9m po\u010det\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 od n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z rodi\u010d\u016f mutovan\u00fd transkrip\u010dn\u00ed faktor mitochondri\u00ed (p\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee transkrip\u010dn\u00ed faktory jsou proteiny, kter\u00e9 kontroluj\u00ed proces synt\u00e9zy mRNA na DNA vzoru t\u00edm, \u017ee se v\u00e1\u017eou na specifick\u00e9 oblasti DNA), pak budou v\u0161echny mitochondrie v jeho organismu podl\u00e9hat patogenn\u00edmu p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Pokud se v\u0161ak mutace t\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze specifick\u00fdch transkrip\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se aktivuj\u00ed pouze v ur\u010dit\u00fdch org\u00e1nech nebo tk\u00e1n\u00edch \u010di v reakci na uvoln\u011bn\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho hormonu, pak odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed patogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek bude v\u00fdhradn\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160irok\u00e9 spektrum mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jejich projev\u016f p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e (jak teoretick\u00e9ho, tak praktick\u00e9ho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed), v\u010detn\u011b faktick\u00e9 nemo\u017enosti p\u0159edv\u00eddat rozvoj mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edho syndromu. Existuje tolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jim v\u0161em p\u0159i\u0159adit n\u00e1zvy, a mnoh\u00e9 z nich je\u0161t\u011b nebyly objeveny. Dokonce i \u0159ada zn\u00e1m\u00fdch degenerativn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed (onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, onkologick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy demence atd.) je modern\u00ed v\u011bda \u0159ad\u00ed k dysfunkci mitochondri\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i kdy\u017e neexistuje pln\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, mnoho lid\u00ed s t\u011bmito neduhy (zejm\u00e9na pokud se jedn\u00e1 o lehkou nebo st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ekou formu nemoci) m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00edt dlouh\u00fd a plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot. K tomu je v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba systematicky pracovat s vyu\u017eit\u00edm znalost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispozici.<\/p>\n<h3>O autorovi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Li Now<\/b> \u2014 licencovan\u00fd naturopat z Kanady, dr\u017eitel n\u011bkolika ocen\u011bn\u00ed. Kolegov\u00e9 jej znaj\u00ed jako bystr\u00e9ho podnikatele, strat\u00e9ga a l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Li zast\u00e1val pozice zdravotn\u00edho poradce, v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho experta a \u0159editele pro v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj ve velk\u00fdch organizac\u00edch. Krom\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti ve sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je tak\u00e9 konzultantem v oblasti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch produkt\u016f pro zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f a je \u010dlenem redak\u010dn\u00edho a poradn\u00edho v\u00fdboru \u010dasopisu Alive, nej\u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zdravotnick\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu v Kanad\u011b. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 domov oblast Velk\u00e9ho Toronta, kde \u017eije se svou man\u017eelkou a jejich dv\u011bma syny, a m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem o podporu p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb Podrobnosti o knize naleznete na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.piter.com\/collection\/best\/product\/egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorovie-i-otodvinut-starost?_gs_cttl=120&amp;gs_direct_link=1&amp;gsaid=82744&amp;gsmid=29789&amp;gstid=c\">webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch vydavatelstv\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/storage.piter.com\/upload\/contents\/978544611021\/978544611021_X.pdf\">Obsah<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/storage.piter.com\/upload\/contents\/978544611021\/978544611021_p.pdf\">\u00daryvek<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pro u\u017eivatele Habr sleva 25 % s kup\u00f3nem \u2014 <b>Mitochondrie<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Po uhrazen\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 verze knihy bude elektronick\u00e1 kniha zasl\u00e1na na e-mail.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/piter\/blog\/471704\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u2026 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043a, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044b? \u0418 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u00ab\u042d\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondrie. 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