{"id":39250,"date":"2019-10-31T22:28:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-7-vyvody\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:28:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:41","slug":"rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-7-vyvody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-7-vyvody","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 7: Z\u00e1v\u011bry","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 7: Z\u00e1v\u011bry\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/475781030b157d85aa9e9a1dc7ea7c6b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek ukon\u010duje cyklus o z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bude se zab\u00fdvat logickou organizac\u00ed dedikovan\u00e9ho serveru (nebo VPS), kter\u00e1 je pohodln\u00e1 pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 nab\u00eddne mo\u017enost rychl\u00e9 obnovy serveru ze z\u00e1lohy bez zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch prostoj\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hav\u00e1rie.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ishodnye-dannye\">Vstupn\u00ed data<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dedikovan\u00fd server obvykle m\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b dva pevn\u00e9 disky, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k organizaci RAID pole prvn\u00edho levelu (zrcadlen\u00ed). To je nezbytn\u00e9 pro mo\u017enosti pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci serveru, pokud jeden disk sel\u017ee. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o b\u011b\u017en\u00fd dedikovan\u00fd server, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt samostatn\u00fd hardwarov\u00fd RAID kontrol\u00e9r, s aktivn\u00ed technologi\u00ed cachov\u00e1n\u00ed na SSD, tak\u017ee krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojen jeden nebo v\u00edce SSD. N\u011bkdy se nab\u00edzej\u00ed dedikovan\u00e9 servery, ve kter\u00fdch jsou z m\u00edstn\u00edch disk\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomny pouze SATADOM (mal\u00e9 disky, konstruk\u010dn\u011b \u2014 flash pam\u011b\u0165, p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 do portu SATA), nebo dokonce oby\u010dejn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 (8-16 GB) flash pam\u011bti, p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 do speci\u00e1ln\u00edho intern\u00edho portu, a data jsou br\u00e1na ze SCSI, p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dedikovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (Ethernet 10G, FC atd.), a jsou tak\u00e9 dedikovan\u00e9 servery, kter\u00e9 se bootuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ze SCSI. Tyto varianty v\u0161ak nebudu zva\u017eovat, nebo\u0165 v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech \u00fakol z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed serveru plynule p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na specialistu, kter\u00fd spravuje SCSI, obvykle tam existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed technologie pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f stavu, vestav\u011bn\u00e1 deduplikace a dal\u0161\u00ed radosti sysadmina, zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech tohoto cyklu. Velikost diskov\u00e9ho pole dedikovan\u00e9ho serveru m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek terabajt\u016f, v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u010dtu a objemu disk\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k serveru. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b VPS jsou objemy skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: obvykle ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 GB (ale mohou b\u00fdt i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed), a ceny za takov\u00e9 VPS mohou b\u00fdt snadno vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dedikovan\u00fdch server\u016f od stejn\u00e9ho poskytovatele. U VPS je \u010dasto pouze jeden disk, proto\u017ee pod n\u00edm bude SCSI (nebo n\u011bco hyperkonvergovan\u00e9ho). N\u011bkdy m\u00e1 VPS v\u00edce disk\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mal\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd \u2014 pro instalaci opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu;<\/li>\n<li>velk\u00fd \u2014 pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i reinstalaci syst\u00e9mu pomoc\u00ed ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho panelu se disk s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi daty nezap\u00ed\u0161e, zat\u00edmco syst\u00e9mov\u00fd se kompletn\u011b p\u0159episuje. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b VPS m\u016f\u017ee poskytovatel hostingu nab\u00edzet tla\u010d\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 provede snapshot stavu VPS (nebo disku), av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b instalace vlastn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo zapomenut\u00ed aktivovat pot\u0159ebnou slu\u017ebu uvnit\u0159 VPS m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1st dat st\u00e1le ztracena. K tla\u010d\u00edtku se obvykle nab\u00edz\u00ed slu\u017eba pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto siln\u011b omezen\u00e1. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o \u00fa\u010det s p\u0159\u00edstupem p\u0159es protokol FTP nebo SFTP, n\u011bkdy spolu se SSH, s omezen\u00fdm shellem (nap\u0159\u00edklad rbash) nebo omezen\u00edm na spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f p\u0159es authorized_keys (p\u0159es ForcedCommand). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dedikovan\u00fd server je p\u0159ipojen k s\u00edti dv\u011bma porty o rychlosti 1 Gbit\/s, n\u011bkdy mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity karty o rychlosti 10 Gbit\/s. U VPS je s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd interface v\u011bt\u0161inou jeden. Datacentra obvykle neomezuj\u00ed rychlost s\u00edt\u011b uvnit\u0159 sv\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu, ale omezuj\u00ed rychlost p\u0159\u00edstupu na internet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Typick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed takov\u00e9ho dedikovan\u00e9ho serveru nebo VPS tvo\u0159\u00ed webov\u00fd server, datab\u00e1ze a aplika\u010dn\u00ed server. N\u011bkdy mohou b\u00fdt nainstalov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, v\u010detn\u011b pro webov\u00fd server nebo datab\u00e1zi: vyhled\u00e1va\u010d, po\u0161tovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m atd.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jako prostor pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh slou\u017e\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fd server, o n\u011bm\u017e bude podrobn\u011bji naps\u00e1no d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"logicheskaya-organizaciya-diskovoy-sistemy\">Logick\u00e1 organizace diskov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud existuje RAID \u0159adi\u010d, nebo se jedn\u00e1 o VPS s jedn\u00edm diskem, a tak\u00e9 nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed preference ohledn\u011b fungov\u00e1n\u00ed diskov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu (nap\u0159\u00edklad samostatn\u00fd rychl\u00fd disk pro datab\u00e1zi) \u2014 cel\u00e9 voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto se rozd\u011bl\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: vytvo\u0159\u00ed se jedna partition, na kterou se vytvo\u0159\u00ed skupina svazk\u016f LVM, v n\u00ed\u017e se vytvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik svazk\u016f: 2 mal\u00e9 stejn\u00e9 velikosti, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako ko\u0159enov\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed se p\u0159i aktualizac\u00edch pro mo\u017enost rychl\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu zp\u011bt, tato my\u0161lenka byla p\u0159evzata z distribuce Calculate Linux), dal\u0161\u00ed \u2014 pro swap partition, zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto se rozd\u011bl\u00ed na mal\u00e9 svazky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako ko\u0159enov\u00e9 souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro plnohodnotn\u00e9 kontejnery, disky pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro \u00fa\u010dty v \/home (ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u010det m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m), souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro aplika\u010dn\u00ed kontejnery.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mka: svazky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zcela sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9, tj. nem\u011bly by z\u00e1viset ani jedna na druh\u00e9, ani na ko\u0159enov\u00e9m souborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f nebo kontejner\u016f je tento aspekt automaticky dodr\u017eov\u00e1n. Pokud se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o aplika\u010dn\u00ed kontejnery nebo dom\u00e1c\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159e \u2014 je dobr\u00e9 zamyslet se nad odd\u011blen\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00edch soubor\u016f webov\u00e9ho serveru a dal\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb tak, aby se maximalizovaly z\u00e1vislosti svazk\u016f mezi sebou. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ka\u017ed\u00fd web pracuje pod sv\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtem, konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubory webu \u2014 v dom\u00e1c\u00edm adres\u00e1\u0159i u\u017eivatele, v nastaven\u00ed webov\u00e9ho serveru se konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubory web\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed nez\u00e1visle na \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/<em>.conf, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad \/home\/<\/em>\/configs\/nginx\/*.conf<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud je disc\u00edch v\u00edce \u2014 lze vytvo\u0159it softwarov\u00fd RAID (a nastavit jeho cachov\u00e1n\u00ed na SSD, pokud je pot\u0159eba a mo\u017enosti to dovoluj\u00ed), na kter\u00fd se pot\u00e9 postav\u00ed LVM podle pravidel uveden\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161e. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ZFS nebo BtrFS, ale zde je t\u0159eba n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let: ob\u011b vy\u017eaduj\u00ed mnohem v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k prost\u0159edk\u016fm, nav\u00edc ZFS nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linuxu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bez ohledu na pou\u017eitou sch\u00e9ma je v\u017edy dobr\u00e9 odhadnout p\u0159ibli\u017enou rychlost z\u00e1pisu zm\u011bn na disky, a pot\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edtat velikost voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, kter\u00e9 bude rezervov\u00e1no pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud n\u00e1\u0161 server zapisuje data rychlost\u00ed 10 megabajt\u016f za sekundu a celkov\u00e1 velikost datov\u00e9ho pole \u010din\u00ed 10 terabajt\u016f - doba synchronizace m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e jednoho dne (22 hodin - to je \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k p\u0159enosu tohoto objemu po s\u00edti 1 Gbit\/s) - je dobr\u00e9 rezervovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 GB. Ve skute\u010dnosti bude \u010d\u00edslo men\u0161\u00ed, lze jej bez obav d\u011blit po\u010dtem logick\u00fdch svazk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ustroystvo-servera-hraneniya-rezervnyh-kopiy\">Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro server pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi serverem pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh se t\u00fdk\u00e1 velk\u00fdch, levn\u00fdch a relativn\u011b pomal\u00fdch disk\u016f. Jeliko\u017e modern\u00ed HDD ji\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010dily hranici 10 TB na jednom disku - je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt souborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my nebo RAID s kontroln\u00edmi sou\u010dty, proto\u017ee b\u011bhem rekonstrukce pole nebo obnovy souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee trvat n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed!) m\u016f\u017ee druh\u00fd disk selhat kv\u016fli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei. Na disc\u00edch s kapacitou do 1 TB to nebylo tak citeln\u00e9. Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed popisu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee diskov\u00fd prostor je rozd\u011blen na dv\u011b zhruba stejn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti (op\u011bt p\u0159\u00edkladem pomoc\u00ed LVM):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>svazky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed server\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat (na nich bude nasazena posledn\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 z\u00e1loha pro kontrolu);<\/li>\n<li>svazky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pro BorgBackup (sem budou p\u0159\u00edmo putovat data pro z\u00e1lohy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 svazky pro ka\u017ed\u00fd server pod \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti BorgBackup, kam budou putovat data z v\u00fdrobn\u00edch server\u016f. \u00dalo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pracuj\u00ed v re\u017eimu pouze pro p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e vylu\u010duje mo\u017enost z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9ho odstran\u011bn\u00ed dat, a d\u00edky deduplikaci a pravideln\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 od star\u00fdch z\u00e1loh (z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed kopie, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed za posledn\u00ed rok, t\u00fddenn\u00ed za posledn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, ka\u017edodenn\u00ed za posledn\u00ed t\u00fdden, mo\u017en\u00e1 - ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech - ka\u017edou hodinu za posledn\u00ed den: celkem 24 + 7 + 4 + 12 + ro\u010dn\u00ed - p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 kopi\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00fd server).<br \/>\nV repozit\u00e1\u0159\u00edch BorgBackup nen\u00ed aktivov\u00e1n re\u017eim pouze pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed; m\u00edsto toho se v .ssh\/authorized_keys pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ForcedCommand p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v tomto pl\u00e1nu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">from=\"adresa serveru\",command=\"\/usr\/local\/bin\/borg serve --append-only --restrict-to-path \/home\/servername\/borgbackup\/\",no-pty,no-agent-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-user-rc AAAAA.......<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na uveden\u00e9 cest\u011b je um\u00edst\u011bn obalov\u00fd skript pro borg, kter\u00fd krom\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bin\u00e1rky s parametry tak\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u00ed proces obnovy z\u00e1lohy po dokon\u010den\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. K tomu obalov\u00fd skript vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed soubor-indik\u00e1tor vedle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho repozit\u00e1\u0159e. Posledn\u00ed proveden\u00e1 z\u00e1loha se po dokon\u010den\u00ed procesu nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat automaticky obnov\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd logick\u00fd svazek.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato konstrukce umo\u017e\u0148uje pravideln\u011b \u010distit nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy a tak\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje provozn\u00edm server\u016fm mazat cokoli na serveru pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"process-rezervnogo-kopirovaniya\">Proces z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Inici\u00e1torem z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed je samotn\u00fd dedicovan\u00fd server nebo VPS, proto\u017ee takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m poskytuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad procesem z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed z pohledu tohoto serveru. Nejprve se vytvo\u0159\u00ed sn\u00edmek stavu aktivn\u00edho ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd se namontuje a nahraje pomoc\u00ed BorgBackup na server pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat se sn\u00edmek demontuje a odstran\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je k dispozici mal\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze (do 1 GB pro ka\u017ed\u00fd web), vytvo\u0159\u00ed se dump datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00fd se ulo\u017e\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho logick\u00e9ho svazku, kde jsou um\u00edst\u011bna ostatn\u00ed data tohoto webu, ale tak, aby dump nebyl p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd p\u0159es webov\u00fd server. Pokud jsou datab\u00e1ze v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, je t\u0159eba nastavit \"hot\" sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed dat, nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed xtrabackup pro MySQL, nebo pr\u00e1ci WAL s archive_command v PostgreSQL. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude datab\u00e1ze obnovena odd\u011blen\u011b od dat web\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kontejnery nebo virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, je t\u0159eba nastavit qemu-guest-agent, CRIU nebo jin\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 technologie. V ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech obvykle nejsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed \u2014 jednodu\u0161e vytvo\u0159\u00edme sn\u00edmky logick\u00fdch svazk\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak budou zpracov\u00e1ny analogicky jako sn\u00edmek stavu ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Po ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat jsou sn\u00edmky odstran\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce prob\u00edh\u00e1 na serveru pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ov\u011b\u0159uje se posledn\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1loha v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti,<\/li>\n<li>ov\u011b\u0159uje se p\u0159\u00edtomnost zna\u010dkovac\u00edho souboru, kter\u00fd nazna\u010duje, \u017ee proces ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat byl dokon\u010den,<\/li>\n<li>prob\u00edh\u00e1 nasazen\u00ed dat na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed svazek,<\/li>\n<li>maz\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dkovac\u00edho souboru,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"process-vosstanovleniya-rabotosposobnosti-servera\">Proces obnoven\u00ed funk\u010dnosti serveru,<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud hlavn\u00ed server sel\u017ee, spust\u00ed se podobn\u00fd dedikovan\u00fd server, kter\u00fd se na\u010dte z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho standardn\u00edho obrazu. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhne p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165, av\u0161ak technik datov\u00e9ho centra, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed konfiguraci serveru, m\u016f\u017ee tento standardn\u00ed obraz okam\u017eit\u011b zkop\u00edrovat na jeden z disk\u016f. Na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 do opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, pot\u00e9 se zahajuje proces obnoven\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prov\u00e1d\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1dost o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed blokov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm iscsinbd nebo jin\u00e9ho podobn\u00e9ho protokolu logick\u00e9ho svazku, kter\u00fd obsahuje ko\u0159enov\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zem\u0159el\u00e9ho serveru; proto\u017ee ko\u0159enov\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m by m\u011bl b\u00fdt mal\u00fd \u2014 tato f\u00e1ze by m\u011bla b\u00fdt dokon\u010dena b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut. Tak\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 obnova bootloaderu;<\/li>\n<li>obnovuje se struktura m\u00edstn\u00edch logick\u00fdch svazk\u016f, p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed se logick\u00e9 svazky ze serveru z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed j\u00e1drov\u00e9ho modulu dm_clone: za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 obnova dat a zm\u011bny jsou zapisov\u00e1ny okam\u017eit\u011b na m\u00edstn\u00ed disky,<\/li>\n<li>spou\u0161t\u00ed se kontejner se v\u0161emi dostupn\u00fdmi fyzick\u00fdmi disky \u2014 pln\u011b se obnovuje funk\u010dnost serveru, ale s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonem;<\/li>\n<li>po dokon\u010den\u00ed synchronizace dat se logick\u00e9 svazky ze serveru z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed odpoj\u00ed, kontejner se vypne, server se restartuje;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po restartu bude server obsahovat v\u0161echna data, kter\u00e1 byla k dispozici v okam\u017eiku vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1lohy, a tak\u00e9 v\u0161echny zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 byly provedeny b\u011bhem obnovy.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky cyklu<\/b><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/449282\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 1: Pro\u010d je z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, p\u0159ehled metod, technologi\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/452630\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 2: P\u0159ehled a testov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na rsync<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/454420\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 3: P\u0159ehled a testov\u00e1n\u00ed duplicity, duplicati<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/454734\/#first_unread\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 4: P\u0159ehled a testov\u00e1n\u00ed zbackup, restic, borgbackup<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/459550\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 5: Testov\u00e1n\u00ed Bacula a Veeam Backup pro Linux<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/468963\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed: \u010d\u00e1st na \u017e\u00e1dost \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f: p\u0159ehled AMANDA, UrBackup, BackupPC,<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/470802\/\">Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 6: Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZ\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st 7: Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zveme v\u00e1s k diskusi o navr\u017een\u00e9 variant\u011b v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, d\u011bkuji za pozornost!<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/472776\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 VPS), \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RAID \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 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