{"id":39366,"date":"2019-10-31T22:31:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chelovek-s-chetyrmya-en-ili-sovetskij-nostradamus\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:31:06","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:06","slug":"chelovek-s-chetyrmya-en-ili-sovetskij-nostradamus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/chelovek-s-chetyrmya-en-ili-sovetskij-nostradamus","title":{"rendered":"\u010clov\u011bk se \u010dty\u0159mi \u201een\u201c nebo Sov\u011btsk\u00fd Nostradamus","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00e1tek. Navrhuji probrat jednoho z nejlep\u0161\u00edch, podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, sov\u011btsk\u00fdch fantast\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nikolaj Nikolajevi\u010d Nosov je v rusk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postavou. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch, \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce zauj\u00edm\u00e1. Je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la spisovatel\u016f, jejich\u017e knihy skute\u010dn\u011b \u010detlo (dobrovoln\u011b \u010detlo!) a s l\u00e1skou vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 na n\u011bj cel\u00e9 obyvatelstvo zem\u011b. Nav\u00edc \u2013 i kdy\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00e1 klasika prakticky z\u016fstala v minulosti a d\u00e1vno se nepublikuje, popt\u00e1vka po Nosovov\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch nejen \u017ee nijak nepoklesla, ale neust\u00e1le roste. <\/p>\n

De facto se jeho knihy staly symbolem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prod\u00e1van\u00e9 literatury. <\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed si vzpomenout na hlasit\u00e9 odchody Parchomenka a Gornostajevy z nakladatelsk\u00e9 skupiny \u201eAzbuka-Atticus\u201c, kter\u00e9 byly vysv\u011btlov\u00e1ny ideologick\u00fdmi neshodami s veden\u00edm nakladatelstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u201enen\u00ed p\u0159ipraveno vyd\u00e1vat nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e 58. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eNezn\u00e1\u010dka na M\u011bs\u00edci\u201c.<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159itom nikdo skoro nic nev\u00ed o samotn\u00e9m autorovi.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\nN. Nosov s vnukem Igorem<\/i><\/p>\n

Jeho biografie opravdu nep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 dobrodru\u017en\u00fd rom\u00e1n \u2013 narodil se v Kyjev\u011b v rodin\u011b estr\u00e1dn\u00edho um\u011blce, v ml\u00e1d\u00ed vyst\u0159\u00eddal \u0159adu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, pot\u00e9 absolvoval institutu kinematografie, z filmu p\u0159e\u0161el k literatu\u0159e a cel\u00fd \u017eivot psal. <\/p>\n

Ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 okolnosti tohoto trivi\u00e1ln\u00edho osudu skute\u010dn\u011b uchvacuj\u00ed p\u0159edstavivost. Ur\u010dit\u011b si pamatujete slavn\u00e9 pov\u00eddky Nosova z podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho cyklu \u201eJednou jsme s Mi\u0161kou\u201c. Ano, ty stejn\u00e9 \u2013 jak va\u0159ili ka\u0161i, v noci vyvraceli pa\u0159ezy, vozili \u0161t\u011bn\u011b v kufru atd. A nyn\u00ed odpov\u011bzte, pros\u00edm, na ot\u00e1zku \u2013 kdy se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bj t\u011bchto pov\u00eddek? V jak\u00fdch letech se to v\u0161echno d\u011bje?<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nObvykle je rozptyl n\u00e1zor\u016f pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd \u2013 od t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch po \u201et\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch. Variant odpov\u011bd\u00ed je spousta, jak\u00fdchkoli \u2013 krom\u011b t\u011bch spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch. <\/p>\n

Pravda je takov\u00e1, \u017ee Noss za\u010dal ps\u00e1t sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nedlouho p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou (prvn\u00ed publikace \u2013 1938), ale ty nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nezapomenuteln\u00e9 byly naps\u00e1ny v nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech. Od roku 1941 do 1945. Tehdy profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed filma\u0159 Noss nat\u00e1\u010del dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed filmy pro frontu (a za v\u00fdukov\u00fd film \u201ePlanety s p\u0159evody v tanc\u00edch\u201c z\u00edskal svou prvn\u00ed cenu \u2013 \u0158\u00e1d rud\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy), a ve voln\u00e9m \u010dase, pro du\u0161i, psal tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u2013 \u201eMedv\u00eddkova ka\u0161e\u201c, \u201eDru\u017ei\u010dka\u201c, \u201eZahradn\u00edci\u201c\u2026 Posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto cyklu, \u201eTuk-tuk-tuk\u201c, byl naps\u00e1n na konci roku 1944, a v roce 1945 vy\u0161la za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spisovateli prvn\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eka \u2013 sb\u00edrka pov\u00eddek \u201eTuk-tuk-tuk\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nNejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee kdy\u017e u\u017e zn\u00e1te odpov\u011b\u010f, okam\u017eit\u011b v\u00e1s p\u0159epadne pocit frustrace \u2013 no jak, v\u017edy\u0165 je to jasn\u00e9! V\u0161ichni mlad\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9 maj\u00ed jen maminky, kam se tat\u00ednci pod\u011bli \u2013 to nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9. A v\u016fbec, mu\u017esk\u00fdch postav v cel\u00e9m cyklu \u2013 pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd mu\u017e \u201estr\u00fd\u010dek Feda\u201c ve vlaku, kter\u00fd se neust\u00e1le roz\u010diloval nad deklamac\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00ed, a vedouc\u00ed Vitya, z\u0159ejm\u011b st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k. Do krajnosti asketick\u00fd \u017eivot, marmel\u00e1da s chlebem jako lah\u016fdka\u2026<\/p>\n

Ale p\u0159esto tam nen\u00ed v\u00e1lka. Ani slovem, ani n\u00e1znakem, ani duchem. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba vysv\u011btlovat \u2013 pro\u010d. Proto\u017ee to bylo ps\u00e1no pro d\u011bti. Pro d\u011bti, kter\u00fdm i tak \u017eivot nad\u011blil tolik, \u017ee bychom se to rad\u011bji ani nedozv\u011bd\u011bli. Takov\u00fd film \u201e\u017divot je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd\u201c, jen v realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nV\u0161echno je jasn\u00e9. A p\u0159ece \u2013 jak? Jak se mu to poda\u0159ilo? Odpov\u011b\u010f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen jedna \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed prav\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd spisovatel od podvodn\u00edka.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem, mimochodem, to tak\u00e9 bylo docela zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. <\/p>\n

V ml\u00e1d\u00ed se Noss v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zaj\u00edmal o fotografii, a pak i o kinematografii, tak\u017ee ve 19 letech nastoupil na Kyjevsk\u00fd v\u00fdtvarn\u00fd institut, odkud p\u0159e\u0161el na Moskevsk\u00fd institut kinematografie, kter\u00fd dokon\u010dil v roce 1932 hned na dvou fakult\u00e1ch \u2013 re\u017eis\u00e9rsk\u00e9 a kameramansk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ne, nestal se velk\u00fdm filmov\u00fdm re\u017eis\u00e9rem, nikdy nenato\u010dil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 filmy. Ve skute\u010dnosti byl Nosov opravdov\u00fdm geekem. Cel\u00fd \u017eivot ho fascinovala technika, co\u017e je v jeho knih\u00e1ch velmi patrn\u00e9. Pamatujete, jak v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b popisuje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoliv mechanismu \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e je to dom\u00e1c\u00ed inkub\u00e1tor pro vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed ku\u0159at nebo auto na sycenou vodu se sirupem?<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nProto re\u017eis\u00e9r Nosov nat\u00e1\u010del v\u00fdhradn\u011b to, co m\u011bl r\u00e1d \u2013 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed filmy, a d\u011blal to 20 let, od roku 1932 do 1952. V roce 1952, ji\u017e jako zn\u00e1m\u00fd spisovatel, obdr\u017eel Stalinovu cenu za pov\u00eddku \u201eVitya Maleev ve \u0161kole a doma\u201c a teprve pot\u00e9 se definitivn\u011b rozhodl odej\u00edt na \u201eliter\u00e1rn\u00ed chl\u00e9b\u201c<\/p>\n

L\u00e1ska k technice mu nejednou pomohla b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky, kdy\u017e pracoval ve studiu \u201eVoentechfilm\u201c, kde nat\u00e1\u010del vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed filmy pro tankisty. Po jeho smrti se jeho vdova, Tatjana Fjodorovna Nosova-Seredina, ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201e\u017divot a tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost Nikolaje Nosova\u201c pod\u011blila o z\u00e1bavn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/p>\n

Budouc\u00ed spisovatel to\u010dil film o konstrukci a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed anglick\u00e9ho tanku \u201eChurchill\u201c, dodan\u00e9ho do SSSR z Anglie. Nastal velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m \u2013 vzorek zaslan\u00fd do filmov\u00e9ho studia necht\u011bl na m\u00edst\u011b couvnout, d\u011blal to pouze po velk\u00e9m oblouku. Nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed selh\u00e1valo, technici s t\u00edm nic nemohli ud\u011blat, a tak se Nosov po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby se dostal do tanku \u2013 sledovat \u010dinnost \u0159idi\u010de. Voj\u00e1ci se na civiln\u00edho re\u017eis\u00e9ra, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, pod\u00edvali jako na idiota, ale pustili ho \u2013 na nat\u00e1\u010dec\u00ed plo\u0161e byl jaksi hlavn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n\u010clenov\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 mise p\u0159i zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch tanku Churchill IV. Anglie, jaro 1942<\/i><\/p>\n

A d\u00e1l\u2026 D\u00e1l se stalo toto:<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ed t\u00edm Nikolaj Nikolajevi\u010d pracoval na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm filmu o traktorech a obecn\u011b se dob\u0159e vyznal v stroj\u00edch, ale tankista to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nev\u011bd\u011bl. Kdy\u017e bezd\u016fvodn\u011b nad\u00e1val na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed techniku, zap\u00ednal motor a op\u011bt krou\u017eil s tankem v nevhodn\u00fdch obratech, zat\u00edmco Nikolaj Nikolajevi\u010d se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u011b d\u00edval na p\u00e1ky, znovu a znovu prosil tankistu, aby prov\u00e1d\u011bl obraty tankem jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem a pak druh\u00fdm, a\u017e nakonec odhalil chybu. Kdy\u017e tank poprv\u00e9 velmi elegantn\u011b ud\u011blal obrat kolem sv\u00e9 osy, pracovn\u00edci studia, kte\u0159\u00ed jeho pr\u00e1ci sledovali, za\u010dali tleskat. \u0158idi\u010d byl velmi pot\u011b\u0161en, ale i zahanben, omluvil se Nosovovi a necht\u011bl uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee techniku zn\u00e1 jen jako amat\u00e9r.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Brzy nato vy\u0161el film \u201ePlanet\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159evody v tanc\u00edch\u201c, kde \u201eChurchill\u201c p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bl piruety na \u201eM\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed son\u00e1tu\u201c od Beethovena. A pak\u2026<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 vznikl zaj\u00edmav\u00fd dokument \u2013 Dekret Prezidia Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho sov\u011btu SSSR o ud\u011blen\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d\u016f a medail\u00ed. Tam, pod hlavi\u010dkou \u201eZa vzorn\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed bojov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f velen\u00ed na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tanc\u00edch a mechanizovan\u00fdch vojsk <\/b>aktivn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy a dosa\u017een\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b tankist\u016f a vybavov\u00e1n\u00ed obrn\u011bn\u00fdch a mechanizovan\u00fdch vojsk\u201c<\/i> byly uvedeny p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed gener\u00e1l\u016f, kapit\u00e1n\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch \u201estar\u0161\u00edch a majora\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nA jen jedno jm\u00e9no \u2013 bez vojensk\u00e9ho hodnosti. Prost\u011b Nosov Nikolaj Nikolajevi\u010d.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nProst\u011b Nosov Nikolaj Nikolajevi\u010d byl ocen\u011bn \u0158\u00e1dem rud\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.<\/p>\n

Za co? O tom bylo naps\u00e1no v p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201et. Nosov N. N. pracuje jako re\u017eis\u00e9r ve studiu \u201eVoentechfilm\u201c od roku 1932.
\nB\u011bhem sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce t. Nosov, prokazuj\u00edc\u00ed vysok\u00e9 mistrovstv\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, se vypracoval mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed re\u017eis\u00e9ry studia.
\nt. Nosov je autorem a re\u017eis\u00e9rem vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho filmu \u201ePlanet\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159evody v tanc\u00edch\u201c. Tento film je nejlep\u0161\u00edm z produkce studia v roce 1943. Film byl p\u0159ijat mimo existuj\u00edc\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed kvality V\u00fdborem pro kinematografii p\u0159i SNR SSSR.
\nPan Nosov v pr\u00e1ci na tomto filmu projevil vzory skute\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho hrdinstv\u00ed, n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed neopou\u0161t\u011bl produkci, sna\u017eil se v co nejkrat\u0161\u00edm \u010dase dokon\u010dit svou pr\u00e1ci. I kdy\u017e byl zcela nemocn\u00fd a sotva st\u00e1l na nohou, pan Nosov nep\u0159estal pracovat na filmu. Nemohlo ho nic p\u0159im\u011bt odej\u00edt z produkce dom\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nPodle vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed byl spisovatel na tuto svou cenu py\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na \u0158\u00e1d pracovn\u00edho \u010cerven\u00e9ho praporu, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal za liter\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dinnost, v\u00edce ne\u017e na Stalinovu nebo St\u00e1tn\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n

Ale j\u00e1, mimochodem, v\u017edy podez\u0159\u00edval n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho. V Nezn\u00e1mkovi je n\u011bco nezlomn\u00e9ho, panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e9ho, tvrd\u00e9ho a neboj\u00e1cn\u00e9ho. A frikce okam\u017eit\u011b p\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ale v tvorb\u011b Nosova jsou i slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hady, o kter\u00fdch liter\u00e1rn\u00ed teoretici st\u00e1le v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b diskutuj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, jeho neobvykl\u00e1 \"obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 evoluce\" obvykle v\u0161echny uv\u00e1d\u00ed do rozpak\u016f.<\/p>\n

V nejideologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stalinsk\u00fdch letech psal Nikolaj Nikolaevi\u010d p\u0159\u00edmo demonstrativn\u011b apolitick\u00e9 knihy, tam, mysl\u00edm, i pion\u00fdrsk\u00e1 organizace byla zm\u00edn\u011bna pouze okrajov\u011b. Tyto ud\u00e1losti se mohly odehr\u00e1vat kdekoli \u2013 chovat ku\u0159ata v dom\u00e1c\u00edm inkub\u00e1toru nebo cvi\u010dit \u0161t\u011bn\u011b opravdu mohli \"d\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f\". Nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee v seznamu nejp\u0159ekl\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch autor\u016f publikovan\u00e9m v roce 1957 \u010dasopisem \"Kur\u00fdr UNESCO\" se Nosov ocitl na t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b \u2013 za Gork\u00fdm a Pu\u0161kinem?<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nA kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161lo oteplen\u00ed a ideologick\u00fd tlak se znateln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil, Nosov, m\u00edsto aby se n\u00e1sledoval sv\u00e9 kolegy spisovatele radoval z nabyt\u00e9 svobody, napsal dv\u011b velk\u00e9 programov\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u011b ideologick\u00e9 knihy \u2013 \"komunistick\u00fd\" p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \"Nezn\u00e1lek ve Slune\u010dn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b\" a \"kapitalistick\u00fd\" rom\u00e1n-poh\u00e1dku \"Nezn\u00e1lek na M\u011bs\u00edci.\" <\/p>\n

Tento ne\u010dekan\u00fd zvrat dodnes m\u00e1t\u00ed v\u0161echny badatele. No dob\u0159e, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to, ale obvykle se to d\u011bje, kdy\u017e kreativn\u00ed s\u00edly autora sl\u00e1bnou. Proto se \u010dasto sna\u017e\u00ed aktu\u00e1lnost\u00ed kompenzovat pokles kvality. Ale na Nosova to p\u0159i v\u0161em \u00fasil\u00ed nelze vzt\u00e1hnout \u2013 o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m poklesu kvality nelze hovo\u0159it, a \"Nezn\u00e1lek na M\u011bs\u00edci\" prakticky v\u0161ichni pova\u017euj\u00ed za vrchol jeho tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho d\u00edla. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd liter\u00e1rn\u00ed kritik Lev Danilkin dokonce prohl\u00e1sil, \"jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch rom\u00e1n\u016f rusk\u00e9 literatury 20. stolet\u00ed\"<\/i>. Ne d\u011btsk\u00fdch knih, a ne fantastick\u00fdch rom\u00e1n\u016f, ale rusk\u00e9 literatury jako takov\u00e9 \u2013 na \u00farovni s \"Tich\u00fdm Donem\" a \"Mistrem a Mark\u00e9tou\".<\/p>\n

Trilogie o Nezn\u00e1lkovi, tomto \"\u010dtvrt\u00e9m N\" autora, je opravdu ohromn\u011b talentovan\u00e1 a \u00fa\u017easn\u011b mnohovrstevnat\u00e1, a nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee ji dosp\u011bl\u00ed \u010dtou s nem\u00e9n\u011b velk\u00fdm pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm ne\u017e d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nVezm\u011bte si nap\u0159\u00edklad ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 skryt\u00e9 aluze, to, co dnes naz\u00fdv\u00e1me postmodernismem. V \"Nezn\u00e1lkovi\" je skryta snad cel\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 klasick\u00e1 literatura. Chv\u00e1st\u00e1n\u00ed Nezn\u00e1lka p\u0159ed hol\u010di\u010dkami: \"To j\u00e1 postavil bal\u00f3n, j\u00e1 jsem u nich v\u016fbec ten nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a tyto ver\u0161e jsem napsal<\/i>\u00bb \u2014 Chlestakov v \u010dist\u00e9 podob\u011b, bloud\u011bn\u00ed policisty Svistulkin, kter\u00fd se stal sv\u011bdkem z\u00e1zraku, kter\u00fd vykonal Nezn\u00e1lek s pomoc\u00ed kouzeln\u00e9 h\u016flky, n\u00e1s jasn\u011b odkazuji na podobn\u00e1 str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed Ivana Bezdomn\u00e9ho v \u00abMist\u0159e a Margarit\u011b\u00bb. Galerii postav lze pokra\u010dovat: Kouzeln\u00edk se sv\u00fdm \u00abSlun\u00ed\u010dko sv\u00edt\u00ed v\u0161em stejn\u011b<\/i>\u00bb \u2013 jako by vze\u0161el z Platona Karataeva, holobrad\u00fd ut\u011b\u0161itel, kter\u00fd odch\u00e1z\u00ed na Blb\u00fd ostrov (\"Poslechn\u011bte m\u011b, brat\u0159i! Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba plakat!.. Naj\u00edme se \u2013 n\u011bjak to p\u0159e\u017eijeme!\"<\/i>) \u2013 jasn\u011b ho\u0159k\u00fd cestuj\u00edc\u00ed Luka.<\/p>\n

A srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vzhledu \u017dadinga a Sprutze \u2013 \u017dading sv\u00fdm vzhledem velmi p\u0159ipom\u00ednal pana Sprutze. Rozd\u00edl byl v tom, \u017ee jeho obli\u010dej byl o n\u011bco \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u pana Sprutze, a nos malinko u\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco pan Sprutz m\u011bl velmi \u00fahledn\u00e9 u\u0161i, \u017dadingovi u\u0161i byly velk\u00e9 a sm\u011b\u0161n\u011b vystupovaly do stran, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zvy\u0161ovalo \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku jeho obli\u010deje.<\/i> \u2013 op\u011bt Gogol, jeho slavn\u00ed Ivan Ivanovi\u010d a Ivan Nikiforovi\u010d: Ivan Ivanovi\u010d je huben\u00fd a vysok\u00fd; Ivan Nikiforovi\u010d je o n\u011bco ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale zato se roz\u0161i\u0159uje do \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky. Hlava Ivana Ivanovi\u010de p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159edkev s ocasem dol\u016f; hlava Ivana Nikiforovi\u010de vypad\u00e1 jako \u0159edkev s ocasem vzh\u016fru. <\/i><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc \u2013 jak si v\u0161iml jeden m\u016fj p\u0159\u00edtel, Nosov p\u0159edv\u00eddav\u011b parodoval klasiku, kter\u00e1 tehdy je\u0161t\u011b prost\u011b neexistovala. Nep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1m n\u011bco tento \u00faryvek?<\/p>\n

\u0160utilo za\u010dal t\u0159\u00e1st Svistulkinem za ramena. Nakonec se Svistulkin probudil.
\n \u2014 Jak jste se sem dostal? \u2014 zeptal se, s p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm se d\u00edvaj\u00edc na \u0160utilu a Kor\u017eika, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1li p\u0159ed n\u00edm v jedin\u00e9m spodn\u00edm pr\u00e1dle.
\n \u2014 My? \u2014 zara\u017een\u011b odv\u011btil \u0160utilo. \u2014 Sly\u0161\u00ed\u0161, Kor\u017eiku, co to m\u00e1 znamenat\u2026 to znamen\u00e1, nebu\u010f j\u00e1 \u0160utilo. On se pt\u00e1, jak jsme se sem dostali! Ne, to my jsme se cht\u011bli pt\u00e1t v\u00e1s, jak jste se sem dostal?
\n \u2014 J\u00e1? Jak jinak, \u2014 pokr\u010dil rameny Svistulkin.
\n \u2014 \"Jak jinak\"! \u2014 vyk\u0159ikl \u0160utilo. \u2014 Kam si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee jste?
\n \u2014 Doma. Kde jinde?
\n \u2014 Tak to m\u00e1me, nebu\u010f j\u00e1 \u0160utilo! Poslouchej, Kor\u017eiku, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je doma. A kde jsme my s tebou?
\n \u2014 Ano, pravda, \u2014 vlo\u017eil se do rozhovoru Kor\u017eik. \u2014 A kde jsme s n\u00edm tehdy, podle v\u00e1s, my?
\n \u2014 No, tak vy jste u m\u011b doma.
\n \u2014 V\u00e1\u017en\u011b! A jste si t\u00edm jisti?
\nSvistulkin se rozhl\u00e9dl kolem a z \u00fa\u017easu se dokonce postavil na posteli.
\n \u2014 Poslouchejte, \u2014 \u0159ekl nakonec, \u2014 jak jsem se sem dostal?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nA tady, vlastn\u011b, zazn\u011blo slovo, kter\u00e9 v\u0161e vysv\u011btluje \u2013 \u201ep\u0159edv\u00eddav\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i se z\u00e1palem obdivuj\u00ed \u2013 jak p\u0159esn\u011b Nosov popsal kapitalistickou spole\u010dnost. V\u0161echny, a\u017e po nejmen\u0161\u00ed detaily. Tady m\u00e1te \u201e\u010dern\u00fd PR\u201c: <\/p>\n

\u2014 A co. M\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost obrovsk\u00fdch rostlin prasknout? \u2014 znepokojen\u011b se zeptal Grizl (redaktor novin \u2013 VN) a zavrt\u011bl nosem, jako by si n\u011bco ov\u011b\u0159oval.
\n\u2014 Mus\u00ed prasknout, \u2014 odpov\u011bd\u011bl Krabec, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc slovo \u201emus\u00ed\u201c.
\n\u2014 Mus\u00ed?\u2026 Ach, mus\u00ed! \u2014 usm\u00e1l se Grizly, a jeho horn\u00ed zuby se znovu za\u0159ezaly do brady. \u2014 No, praskne to, pokud m\u00e1, mohu v\u00e1s ujistit! Ha-ha!\u2026\u00bb <\/i><\/p>\n

Tady jsou \u201evlkodlaci ve uniform\u011b\u201c:<\/p>\n

\u2014 A kdo to jsou ti policist\u00e9? \u2014 zeptala se Selenka.
\n\u2014 Bandit\u00e9! \u2014 s podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm odpov\u011bd\u011bl Kolosek.
\n\u2014 \u010cestn\u00e9 slovo, bandit\u00e9! Opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost\u00ed policist\u016f je chr\u00e1nit obyvatele p\u0159ed lupi\u010demi, ale ve skute\u010dnosti chr\u00e1n\u00ed pouze boh\u00e1\u010de. A boh\u00e1\u010di jsou ti skute\u010dn\u00ed lupi\u010di. Jen n\u00e1m kradou, schov\u00e1vaj\u00edce se za z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 si sami vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed. A co, \u0159ekn\u011bte, na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed? Z\u00e1konn\u011b m\u011b okradou, nebo ne? Je mi to jedno!\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nTady \u2013 \u201eaktu\u00e1ln\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed\u201c:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Ty, brat\u0159e, na tuhle malbu se l\u00e9pe ned\u00edvej, \u2014 \u0159\u00edkal mu Kozlik. \u2014 Netr\u00e1p\u00ed se zbyte\u010dn\u011b. Tady stejn\u011b nic pochopit nelze. Na\u0161i um\u011blci takhle maluj\u00ed, proto\u017ee bohat\u00ed kupuj\u00ed jen takov\u00e9 obrazy. Jeden namaluje takov\u00e9 podivnosti, jin\u00fd zn\u00e1zorn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 nepochopiteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry, t\u0159et\u00ed nalije tekut\u00e9 barvy do vany a pleskne je uprost\u0159ed pl\u00e1tna, tak\u017ee vznikne n\u011bjak\u00e1 nesmysln\u00e1 skvrna. Pod\u00edv\u00e1\u0161 se na tu skvrnu a nic nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 pochopit \u2014 prost\u011b je to hnus! A bohat\u00ed se na to d\u00edvaj\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b to chv\u00e1l\u00ed. \u201eN\u00e1m, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, ani nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, aby byl obraz srozumiteln\u00fd. V\u016fbec nechceme, aby n\u00e1s n\u011bjak\u00fd um\u011blec k n\u011b\u010demu u\u010dil. Bohat\u00fd to pochop\u00ed i bez um\u011blce, a chud\u00fd ani nepot\u0159ebuje nic ch\u00e1pat. Na to je chud\u00fd, aby nic nech\u00e1pal a \u017eil ve tm\u011b.\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n

A dokonce \u201e\u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 otroctv\u00ed\u201c:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Tehdy jsem nastoupil do tov\u00e1rny a za\u010dal slu\u0161n\u011b vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat. Dokonce jsem za\u010dal \u0161et\u0159it na \u010dern\u00fd den, pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee bych se zase ocitl bez pr\u00e1ce. Jen bylo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 se udr\u017eet, abych nena\u0161el zp\u016fsob, jak pen\u00edze neutratit. A pak mi slu\u0161n\u011b za\u010dali \u0159\u00edkat, \u017ee bych si m\u011bl koupit auto. A j\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m: pro\u010d bych pot\u0159eboval auto? M\u016f\u017eu chodit p\u011b\u0161ky. A oni mi \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: p\u011b\u0161ky je ostuda chodit. P\u011b\u0161ky chod\u00ed jen chud\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho auto si m\u016f\u017ee\u0161 koupit na spl\u00e1tky. Ud\u011bl\u00e1\u0161 mal\u00fd vklad, dostane\u0161 auto, a pak ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc plat\u00ed\u0161 trochu, dokud v\u0161echny pen\u00edze nevr\u00e1t\u00ed\u0161. No a tak jsem to ud\u011blal. A\u0165 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee jsem tak\u00e9 bohat\u00fd. Zaplatil jsem prvn\u00ed vklad, dostal auto. Nastoupil jsem, odjel, a hned jsem spadl do k-a-h-a-nu (z toho vzru\u0161en\u00ed se Kozlik dokonce zakoktal). Auto se rozbilo, rozum\u00ed\u0161, zlomil jsem si nohu a nav\u00edc \u010dty\u0159i \u017eebra.<\/p>\n

\u2014 A opravil sis pak to auto? \u2014 zeptal se Nezn\u00e1lek.
\n \u2014 Co ty! Kdy\u017e jsem byl nemocn\u00fd, vyhodili m\u011b z pr\u00e1ce. A te\u010f p\u0159i\u0161la doba platit p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek za automobil. A pen\u00edze nem\u00e1m! No a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed mi: tak vra\u0165te auto. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1m: jd\u011bte a vezm\u011bte si ho v kaa-haa-nave. Cht\u011bli m\u011b soudit za to, \u017ee jsem auto zni\u010dil, ale vid\u011bli, \u017ee z m\u011b stejn\u011b nic vz\u00edt nemohou, a tak se m\u011b zbavili. Tak nem\u00e1m auto, ani pen\u00edze.\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nPopisy jsou tak p\u0159esn\u00e9 a podrobn\u00e9, \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk neubr\u00e1n\u00ed pochybnostem \u2013 jak mohl \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil cel\u00fd sv\u016fj \u017eivot za neproniknutelnou tehdy \"\u017eeleznou oponou\", vymalovat tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a bezchybn\u011b proveden\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno? Odkud m\u011bl tak podrobn\u00e9 znalosti o burzovn\u00edm obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, makl\u00e9\u0159\u00edch, \"nadhodnocen\u00fdch\" akci\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edch pyramid\u00e1ch? Kde se vzaly gumov\u00e9 obu\u0161ky se zabudovan\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdmi \u0161okery, v\u017edy\u0165 ty v t\u00e9 dob\u011b prost\u011b nebyly ve v\u00fdzbroji policie \u2013 ani na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, ani u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Aby to n\u011bjak vysv\u011btlili, objevila se dokonce vtipn\u00e1 teorie, kter\u00e1 v\u0161e p\u0159evrac\u00ed. Pr\u00fd cel\u00e9 to spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti u n\u00e1s budovali lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sv\u00e9 znalosti o kapitalismu z\u00edskali z rom\u00e1nu Nosova. Tak oni, na nev\u011bdom\u00e9 \u00farovni, reprodukovali realitu, kter\u00e1 se im v d\u011btstv\u00ed usadila v hlav\u011b. Proto, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, to nen\u00ed Nosov, kdo popsal dne\u0161n\u00ed Rusko, ale Rusko bylo postaveno \"podle Nosova\".<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nAle hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee Nosov byl prost\u011b prorok, kter\u00fd proz\u0159el budoucnost a sna\u017eil se varovat pr\u00e1v\u011b ty, kdo m\u011bli v t\u00e9to budoucnosti \u017e\u00edt \u2013 d\u011bti, je mnohem logi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nejprve o tom, co se stane s jejich sv\u011btem. A pak o tom, jak\u00fd bude ten nov\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nAbychom to zd\u016fvodnili, obra\u0165me se k tomu nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u2013 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 my\u0161lence obou knih. O \u010dem podle v\u00e1s vypr\u00e1v\u00ed \"Nezn\u00e1lek ve Slune\u010dn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b\"? O komunismu? O technick\u00fdch novink\u00e1ch jako jsou d\u00e1lkov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 auta? \u0158\u00edk\u00e1te utopie?<\/p>\n

Ale vzpome\u0148te si na knihu, vzpome\u0148te si na d\u011bj, na fabuli! Kniha je ve skute\u010dnosti o tom, jak k\u0159ehk\u00e1 a nezabezpe\u010den\u00e1 se uk\u00e1zala ta vybudovan\u00e1 \"spole\u010dnost spravedlnosti\". Pamatujete si, jak Nezn\u00e1lek prom\u011bnil osly v lidi a jak\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky to m\u011blo pro m\u011bsto s hnut\u00edm \"v\u011btrohodc\u016f\"?<\/p>\n

Co m\u00e1me? Existuje docela \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee dost uzav\u0159en\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina (vzpomn\u011bli jste si, s jak\u00fdm nad\u0161en\u00edm tam v\u00edtaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed, kter\u00e9 doslova strh\u00e1vaj\u00ed za ruk\u00e1v pohostinn\u00ed hostitel\u00e9). Ale i mal\u00fd impuls zven\u010d\u00ed se ukazuje jako fat\u00e1ln\u00ed, zavle\u010den\u00fd virus zasahuje cel\u00fd organismus, v\u0161e se hrout\u00ed a ne zrovna m\u00e1lo, ale doslova do z\u00e1klad\u016f. <\/p>\n

Novodob\u00e9 trendy, kter\u00e9 se objevily d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm, vrhaj\u00ed tuto spole\u010dnost do pln\u00e9 anarchie, a jen ohromen\u00e1 policie (pamatujte na na\u0161e \"m\u00e9ntory\", kte\u0159\u00ed si nikdy na slu\u017ebu ani pistole nebrali) bezmocn\u011b sleduje \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly. Ahoj, devades\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta!<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nNosov je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dobr\u00fd poh\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159, a proto nemohl skon\u010dit na tak pesimistick\u00e9 not\u011b. Ale je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee i jemu, aby zachr\u00e1nil Slune\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, bylo t\u0159eba vyt\u00e1hnout klav\u00edr z k\u0159ov\u00ed, p\u0159ivolat \u201eboha z stroje\u201c \u2014 Kouzeln\u00edka, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el a u\u010dinil z\u00e1zrak.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
\n
\nA \"Nezn\u00e1lek na M\u011bs\u00edci\" \u2014 je to v\u016fbec o kapitalistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti? Kniha je o dvou \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch \u201edom\u00e1c\u00edch \u0161t\u011b\u0148atech\u201c, kter\u00e1 se najednou ocitla na ulici, ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed sme\u010dce. N\u011bkdo, jako Pon\u010d\u00edk, se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil, n\u011bkdo, jako Nezn\u00e1lek, se zhroutil na sam\u00e9 dno. Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b uvedeno ve sb\u00edrce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f \u201eVesel\u00e9 postavi\u010dky. Kulturn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed\u201c: \u00ab\u010cten\u00ed knihy \u00abNezn\u00e1lek na M\u011bs\u00edci\u00bb v 2000. letech je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u201evytahov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c v\u00fdznam\u016f z textu, kter\u00e9 Nossov, jen\u017e zem\u0159el v roce 1976, mohl tam vlo\u017eit pouze st\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Tato poh\u00e1dka p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 nev\u011bdom\u00e9 popisov\u00e1n\u00ed sebedojet\u00ed t\u011bch obyvatel SSSR, kte\u0159\u00ed se v roce 1991 probudili jako na M\u011bs\u00edci: bylo t\u0159eba p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v situaci, kdy to, co se zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt bezd\u011bjovitou ulic\u00ed Zvonkohry, z\u016fstalo v d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti \u2014 spolu se sv\u00fdm \u00fadajn\u00fdm v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dasem...\u00ab<\/i><\/p>\n

Jakoby b\u00fdval\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Kv\u011btinov\u00e9ho m\u011bsta v\u0161emu rozum\u011bli. A v den st\u00e9ho v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obl\u00edben\u00e9ho spisovatele p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed na sv\u00fdch bloz\u00edch: \u201eD\u011bkujeme, Nikolaji Nikolajevi\u010di, za proroctv\u00ed. A\u010dkoli jsme se ocitli ne ve Slune\u010dn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, jak jsme m\u011bli, ale na M\u011bs\u00edci, pos\u00edl\u00e1me v\u00e1m odsud svou l\u00e1sku, vd\u011b\u010dnost a obdiv. Tady je v\u0161e pr\u00e1v\u011b tak, jak jste popsali. V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017e pro\u0161la Hloup\u00fdm ostrovem a klidn\u011b ble\u010d\u00ed. Men\u0161ina v zoufalstv\u00ed douf\u00e1 v z\u00e1chrannou lo\u010f se Zn\u00e1lekem v \u010dele. Ta samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nep\u0159ilet\u00ed, ale oni \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\"\u010clov\u011bk
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Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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