{"id":39479,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","slug":"5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","title":{"rendered":"5 zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak u\u017eite\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt Raspberry Pi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj Habr.<\/p>\n

Raspberry Pi je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b doma t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, a odv\u00e1\u017e\u00edm se tvrdit, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed ji maj\u00ed jen tak le\u017eet. A p\u0159itom Raspberry nen\u00ed jen cenn\u00e1 technologie, ale tak\u00e9 pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd fanless po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s Linuxem. Dnes se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti Raspberry Pi, k jejich\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00ed nebude pot\u0159eba v\u016fbec ps\u00e1t k\u00f3d.
\n\"5
\nPro ty, kter\u00e9 to zaj\u00edm\u00e1, podrobnosti najdete n\u00ed\u017ee. \u010cl\u00e1nek je ur\u010den pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/i>: \u010dl\u00e1nek je ur\u010den pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale s alespo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi znalostmi o tom, co je to IP adresa, jak se p\u0159ipojit na Raspberry Pi p\u0159es SSH pomoc\u00ed putty nebo jin\u00e9ho termin\u00e1lu, a jak upravovat soubory pomoc\u00ed editoru nano. Jako experiment tentokr\u00e1t nebudu \"zat\u011b\u017eovat\" \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e k\u00f3dem pro Python, programov\u00e1n\u00ed zde nebude v\u016fbec. Pro v\u0161e n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 bude sta\u010dit pouze p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek. Jak je tento form\u00e1t \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd, uvid\u00edm podle hodnocen\u00ed textu.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee nebudu zmi\u0148ovat zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9 v\u011bci jako FTP server nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd disk. N\u00ed\u017ee jsem se sna\u017eil vyp\u00edchnout n\u011bco u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a origin\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dneme s instalac\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/b>: spr\u00e1vn\u00fd nap\u00e1jec\u00ed blok (l\u00e9pe zna\u010dkov\u00fd na 2.5A, ne\u017e noname nab\u00edje\u010dka od telefonu) a chladi\u010d na procesoru jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro stabiln\u00ed chod Raspberry Pi. Bez toho m\u016f\u017ee Raspberry zamrzat, mohou se objevovat chyby p\u0159i kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a podobn\u011b. Z\u00e1ludnost takov\u00fdch chyb spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se projevuj\u00ed jen sporadicky, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei CPU nebo v moment\u011b z\u00e1pisu velk\u00fdch soubor\u016f na SD kartu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed instalac\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli komponent\u016f je doporu\u010deno aktualizovat syst\u00e9m, jinak star\u00e9 adresy pro p\u0159\u00edkaz apt nemus\u00ed fungovat:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNyn\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eeme pustit do instalace a nastaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
1. WiFi hot spot<\/h2>\n
\nRaspberry Pi lze snadno p\u0159ev\u00e9st na bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba nic dokupovat, WiFi u\u017e je \"na palub\u011b\". K tomu je nutn\u00e9 nainstalovat 2 komponenty: hostapd (daemon hostitelsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu) a dnsmasq (DNS\/DHCP server).<\/p>\n
Instalujeme dnsmasq a hostapd:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNastav\u00edme statickou IP adresu, kterou bude m\u00edt Raspberry Pi v WiFi s\u00edti. K tomu je pot\u0159eba upravit soubor dhcpcd.conf, zad\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazu sudo nano \/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/i>. Do souboru je t\u0159eba p\u0159idat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dky:<\/p>\n
interface wlan0\n  static ip_address=198.51.100.100\/24\n  nohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, na\u0161e Raspberry Pi v WiFi s\u00edti bude m\u00edt adresu 198.51.100.100 (to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si zapamatovat, pokud na n\u00ed bude fungovat n\u011bjak\u00fd server, jeho\u017e adresu bude t\u0159eba zadat do prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de).<\/p>\n
D\u00e1le mus\u00edme aktivovat IP forwarding, k \u010demu\u017e vykon\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edkaz sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/i> a odkomentujeme \u0159\u00e1dek net.ipv4.ip_forward=1<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Nyn\u00ed je pot\u0159eba nastavit DHCP server \u2014 ten bude p\u0159id\u011blovat IP adresy p\u0159ipojen\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Zadejte p\u0159\u00edkaz sudo nano \/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/i> a p\u0159id\u00e1me n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dky:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budou m\u00edt IP adresy v rozmez\u00ed 198.51.100.1\u2026 198.51.100.99.<\/p>\n
Nakonec nastal \u010das nastavit Wi-Fi. Uprav\u00edme soubor \/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/i> a do n\u011bj zad\u00e1me \u0159\u00e1dek DAEMON_CONF=\u00bb\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf\u00ab<\/i>. Nyn\u00ed uprav\u00edme soubor hostapd.conf, zad\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazu sudo nano \/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>.
\nZad\u00e1me parametry p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndriver=nl80211\nssid=Raspberry Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=7\nwmm_enabled=0\nmacaddr_acl=0\nauth_algs=1\nignore_broadcast_ssid=0\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=12345678\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si v\u0161imnout parametr\u016f \u201essid\u201c (n\u00e1zev p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu), \u201ewpa_passphrase\u201c (heslo), \u201echannel\u201c (\u010d\u00edslo kan\u00e1lu) a \u201ehw_mode\u201c (re\u017eim provozu, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed automatick\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br kan\u00e1lu, tak\u017ee nejm\u00e9n\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd kan\u00e1l Wi-Fi si budete muset vybrat sami.<\/p>\n
Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/b>: v tomto testovac\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu je uvedeno heslo 12345678, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9m bodu je dobr\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Existuj\u00ed programy, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed prolomen\u00ed hesel pomoc\u00ed slovn\u00edku, a p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod s jednoduch\u00fdm heslem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hacknut. Sd\u00edlen\u00ed internetu s ciz\u00edmi osobami m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f sv\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n
V\u0161e je p\u0159ipraveno, m\u016f\u017eeme aktivovat v\u0161echny slu\u017eby. <\/p>\n
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd\nsudo systemctl start hostapd\nsudo systemctl reload dnsmasq<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNyn\u00ed bychom ji\u017e m\u011bli vid\u011bt nov\u00fd WiFi p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod v seznamu s\u00edt\u00ed. Aby se v n\u011bm objevil internet, je nutn\u00e9 aktivovat p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f z Ethernetu do WLAN, k \u010demu\u017e zad\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edkaz sudo nano \/etc\/rc.local<\/i> a p\u0159id\u00e1me \u0159\u00e1dek pro nastaven\u00ed iptables:<\/p>\n
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTe\u010f je to v\u0161echno. Restartujeme Raspberry Pi, a pokud bylo v\u0161e spr\u00e1vn\u011b provedeno, m\u011bli bychom vid\u011bt p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fd bod a p\u0159ipojit se k n\u011bmu.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nJak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, rychlost nen\u00ed v\u016fbec \u0161patn\u00e1 a vyu\u017e\u00edvat takov\u00e9 WiFi je zcela mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Mimochodem, mal\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/b>: zm\u011bnit s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no Raspberry Pi m\u016f\u017eete tak, \u017ee vykon\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edkaz sudo raspi-config<\/i>. Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je to (p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed:) raspberrypi. To asi v\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ne v\u0161ichni v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee toto jm\u00e9no je dostupn\u00e9 i v lok\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti, ale je pot\u0159eba p\u0159idat \u00ab.local\u00bb. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pro p\u0159\u00edstup na Raspberry Pi p\u0159es SSH m\u016f\u017eete zadat p\u0159\u00edkaz putty pi@raspberrypi.local<\/i>. Tady je v\u0161ak jeden h\u00e1\u010dek: to funguje na Windows a Linuxu, ale ne na Androidu \u2014 tam bude st\u00e1le nutn\u00e9 zadat IP adresu ru\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n
2. Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed server<\/h2>\n
\nExistuje 1001 zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vytvo\u0159it medi\u00e1ln\u00ed server na Raspberry Pi, j\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edm jen na ten nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee m\u00e1me obl\u00edbenou sb\u00edrku MP3 soubor\u016f, a chceme, aby byla dostupn\u00e1 v m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti pro v\u0161echna medi\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na Raspberry Pi nainstalujeme server MiniDLNA, kter\u00fd to pro n\u00e1s ud\u011bl\u00e1. <\/p>\n
Pro instalaci zadejte p\u0159\u00edkaz sudo apt-get install minidlna<\/i>. Pot\u00e9 je t\u0159eba nastavit konfiguraci, zad\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazu sudo nano \/etc\/minidlna.conf<\/i>. Tam sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat pouze jeden \u0159\u00e1dek, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje cestu k na\u0161im soubor\u016fm: media_dir=\/home\/pi\/MP3<\/i> (cesta samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jin\u00e1). Po zav\u0159en\u00ed souboru restartujeme slu\u017ebu:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart minidlna<\/i><\/p>\n
Pokud jsme v\u0161echno ud\u011blali spr\u00e1vn\u011b, budeme m\u00edt p\u0159ipraven\u00fd medi\u00e1ln\u00ed server v m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edti, ze kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat hudbu p\u0159es stoln\u00ed WiFi r\u00e1dio nebo p\u0159es VLC p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010d na Androidu:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nTip<\/b>: Je velmi pohodln\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vat soubory na Raspberry Pi pomoc\u00ed WinSCP \u2014 tento program umo\u017e\u0148uje pracovat s adres\u00e1\u0159i RPi stejn\u011b snadno jako s m\u00edstn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n<\/p>\n
3. SDR p\u0159\u00edjima\u010d<\/h2>\n
\nPokud m\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edjima\u010d RTL-SDR nebo SDRPlay, m\u016f\u017eeme jej pou\u017e\u00edt na Raspberry Pi s programem GQRX nebo CubicSDR. To umo\u017en\u00ed m\u00edt autonomn\u00ed a tich\u00fd SDR p\u0159\u00edjima\u010d, schopn\u00fd pracovat i 24 hodin denn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Omlouv\u00e1m se za kvalitu sn\u00edmku obrazovky z televizoru:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nS pomoc\u00ed RTL-SDR nebo SDRPlay je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat r\u016fzn\u00e9 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly s frekvenc\u00ed a\u017e do 1 GHz (i o n\u011bco v\u00fd\u0161e). Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eete poslouchat nejen b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 FM r\u00e1dio, ale i komunikace pilot\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Mimochodem, radioamat\u00e9\u0159i mohou s pomoc\u00ed Raspberry Pi zcela p\u0159ij\u00edmat, dek\u00f3dovat a pos\u00edlat na server sign\u00e1ly WSPR a dal\u0161\u00edch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
Podrobn\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed SDR r\u00e1dia p\u0159esahuje r\u00e1mec tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku, v\u00edce informac\u00ed lze nal\u00e9zt zde<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
4. Server pro \u201echytrou dom\u00e1cnost\u201c<\/h2>\n
\nTi, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed ud\u011blat sv\u016fj domov \u201einteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c, mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt bezplatn\u00fd program OpenHAB. <\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nTo nen\u00ed jen program, ale cel\u00e1 platforma s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pluginy a skripty, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje ovl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (Z-Wave, Philips Hue atd.). Z\u00e1jemci se mohou dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch. https:\/\/www.openhab.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Mimochodem, kdy\u017e u\u017e mluv\u00edme o \"chytr\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti\", na Raspberry Pi m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet MQTT server, kter\u00fd mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e1 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
5. Klient pro FlightRadar24<\/h2>\n
\nPokud jste fanou\u0161ek letectv\u00ed a \u017eijete v oblasti, kde pokryt\u00ed FlightRadar nen\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete pomoci komunit\u011b a v\u0161em cestovatel\u016fm t\u00edm, \u017ee si u sebe nainstalujete p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d. Pot\u0159ebujete pouze RTL-SDR p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d a Raspberry Pi. Jako bonus z\u00edsk\u00e1te bezplatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k Pro \u00fa\u010dtu FlightRadar24.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nPodrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod ji\u017e byl publikov\u00e1n<\/a><\/noindex> na Habr.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, tohle je daleko od v\u0161eho. Raspberry Pi m\u00e1 slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, od retro hern\u00edch konzol\u00ed nebo videodohledu, a\u017e po rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed registra\u010dn\u00edch zna\u010dek \u010di jako slu\u017eba pro astronomii. all-sky kamery<\/a><\/noindex> pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed meteor\u016f. <\/p>\n
Mimochodem, napsan\u00e9 plat\u00ed nejen pro Raspberry Pi, ale i pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \"klony\" (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi atd.), v\u0161echny programy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed i na nich.<\/p>\n
Pokud bude publikum m\u00edt z\u00e1jem (co\u017e se posoud\u00ed podle hodnocen\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku), t\u00e9ma m\u016f\u017eeme pokra\u010dovat. <\/p>\n
A jako v\u017edy, v\u0161em p\u0159eji \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 experimenty.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. 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