{"id":39644,"date":"2019-10-31T22:37:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:37:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:37:21","slug":"nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok","title":{"rendered":"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/9164a26c356a071a89e116d841283139.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJsem syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor FirstVDS a toto je text prvn\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky z m\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho kurzu pomoci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm koleg\u016fm. Odborn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed ned\u00e1vno za\u010dali s syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administrativou, se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi stejn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. Abychom navrhli \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, rozhodl jsem se napsat tento cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci v n\u011bm jsou specifick\u00e9 pro technickou podporu hostingu, ale obecn\u011b se mohou uk\u00e1zat jako u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e ne pro v\u0161echny, tak pro mnoh\u00e9. Proto jsem text p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky p\u0159izp\u016fsobil, abych se o n\u011bj mohl pod\u011blit zde.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed podstatn\u00e9, jak se va\u0161e pozice naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u2014 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee se vlastn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1te administrativou. Proto za\u010dneme t\u00edm, co by m\u011bl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor d\u011blat. Jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku a p\u0159\u00edprava na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku. Bez syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora se na serveru za\u010dne \u0161\u00ed\u0159it nepo\u0159\u00e1dek. Logy nejsou zapisov\u00e1ny, nebo se do nich zapisuje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, zdroje se p\u0159erozd\u011bluj\u00ed neoptim\u00e1ln\u011b, disk se pln\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm odpadem a syst\u00e9m za\u010dne pomalu um\u00edrat pod takov\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm chaosu. Klid! Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i ve va\u0161\u00ed osob\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a odstra\u0148ovat nepo\u0159\u00e1dek!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Pil\u00ed\u0159e syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nOv\u0161em ne\u017e se pust\u00edme do \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, je dobr\u00e9 se sezn\u00e1mit se \u010dty\u0159mi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi pil\u00ed\u0159i administrace:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dokumentac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ablonizac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Optimalizac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Automatizac\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nTohle je z\u00e1klad. Pokud sv\u016fj pracovn\u00ed proces nebudete budovat na t\u011bchto principech, bude neefektivn\u00ed, neproduktivn\u00ed a obecn\u011b m\u00e1lo podobn\u00fd skute\u010dn\u00e9 administraci. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Dokumentace<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Dokumentace<\/b> neznamen\u00e1 pouze \u010dten\u00ed dokumentace (i kdy\u017e bez toho to nikam nevede), ale tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed veden\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Jak v\u00e9st dokumentaci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Narazili jste na nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd jste dosud nikdy nevid\u011bli? Zapi\u0161te si hlavn\u00ed symptomy, diagnostick\u00e9 metody a principy odstran\u011bn\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li>Vymysleli jste elegantn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu? Zapi\u0161te si ho, abyste ho nemuseli vym\u00fd\u0161let znovu za m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/li>\n<li>Pomohli v\u00e1m vy\u0159e\u0161it ot\u00e1zku, v n\u00ed\u017e jste v\u016fbec nic nech\u00e1pali? Zapi\u0161te si hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenky a koncepty, nakreslete si sch\u00e9ma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka: nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 se p\u0159i osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pln\u011b spol\u00e9hat na vlastn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00fd form\u00e1t budete pou\u017e\u00edvat, z\u00e1vis\u00ed pouze na v\u00e1s: m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1mek, osobn\u00ed blog, textov\u00fd soubor nebo fyzick\u00fd blok. Hlavn\u00ed je, aby va\u0161e z\u00e1znamy splnily n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Nebu\u010fte p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9.<\/b>Zd\u016frazn\u011bte hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenky, metody a prost\u0159edky. Pokud pochopen\u00ed probl\u00e9mu vy\u017eaduje proniknout do n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 mechaniky spr\u00e1vy pam\u011bti v Linuxu, nep\u0159episujte \u010dl\u00e1nek, ze kter\u00e9ho jste to zjistili - uve\u010fte na n\u011bj odkaz.<\/li>\n<li><b>Z\u00e1znamy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro v\u00e1s srozumiteln\u00e9.<\/b> Pokud \u0159\u00e1dek <code>race cond.lockup<\/code> nepom\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m okam\u017eit\u011b pochopit, co t\u00edmto \u0159\u00e1dkem popisujete - m\u016f\u017eete to vysv\u011btlit. V dobr\u00e9 dokumentaci nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba se prokous\u00e1vat textem p\u016fl hodiny. <\/li>\n<li><b>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi dobr\u00e1 funkce.<\/b> Pokud p\u00ed\u0161ete z\u00e1znamy na blogu, p\u0159id\u00e1vejte \u0161t\u00edtky; pokud v fyzick\u00e9m bloku - p\u0159ipevn\u011bte mal\u00e9 post-it l\u00edste\u010dky s popisy. Nem\u00e1 to smysl dokumentovat, pokud bude hled\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi trvat stejn\u011b dlouho, jako kdybyste danou ot\u00e1zku \u0159e\u0161ili od za\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/931ccad9b44a4865b31189f75638ec91.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTakto m\u016f\u017ee vypadat dokumentace: od primitivn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f v bloku (obr\u00e1zek v\u00fd\u0161e) a\u017e po plnohodnotnou v\u00edcerozm\u011brnou znalostn\u00ed b\u00e1zi se \u0161t\u00edtky, hled\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u0161emi mo\u017en\u00fdmi vymo\u017eenostmi (n\u00ed\u017ee).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/4fea2406da73db5b04f7be20b1ba14bb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNebudete muset hledat stejn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi dvakr\u00e1t: dokumentace bude skv\u011blou oporou p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed nov\u00fdch t\u00e9mat (noti\u010dky!), zlep\u0161\u00ed va\u0161i schopnost diagnostikovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jedn\u00edm pohledem, p\u0159id\u00e1 organizaci va\u0161im \u010dinnostem. Pokud bude dokumentace dostupn\u00e1 va\u0161im koleg\u016fm, umo\u017en\u00ed jim pochopit, co a jak jste ud\u011blali, kdy\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b nebudete.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160ablonizace<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>\u0160ablonizace<\/b> je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ablon. Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny standardn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek byste m\u011bli vytvo\u0159it ur\u010dit\u00fd \u0161ablonovan\u00fd postup. Pro diagnostiku v\u011bt\u0161iny probl\u00e9m\u016f byste m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat standardizovanou sekvenci krok\u016f. Kdy\u017e n\u011bco oprav\u00edte\/nainstalujete\/optimalizujete, je t\u0159eba zkontrolovat funk\u010dnost tohoto n\u011b\u010deho podle standardizovan\u00fdch checklist\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0160ablonov\u00e1n\u00ed je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak uspo\u0159\u00e1dat pracovn\u00ed proces. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm standardn\u00edch postup\u016f pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1te mnoho skv\u011bl\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed kontroln\u00edch seznam\u016f v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed diagnostikovat v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce pro pr\u00e1ci a eliminovat diagnostiku m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkcionalit. Standardizovan\u00e9 postupy minimalizuj\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a sni\u017euj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost chyby.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee procedury a kontroln\u00ed seznamy je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba dokumentovat. Pokud se spol\u00e9h\u00e1te pouze na pam\u011b\u0165, m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout n\u011bjakou skute\u010dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou kontrolu nebo operaci a v\u0161e se rozpadne. Druh\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee v\u0161echny \u0161ablonov\u00e9 praxe lze a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt modifikov\u00e1ny, pokud to situace vy\u017eaduje. Neexistuj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed a zcela univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ablony. Pokud je probl\u00e9m a \u0161ablonov\u00e1 kontrola ho neodhalila \u2014 neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e se pust\u00edte do kontroly n\u011bjak\u00fdch m\u00e1lo pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch hypotetick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, stoj\u00ed v\u017edy za to nejprve prov\u00e9st rychlou \u0161ablonovou kontrolu.<\/p>\n<h3>Optimalizace<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Optimalizace<\/b> mluv\u00ed sama za sebe. Pracovn\u00ed proces by m\u011bl b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b optimalizov\u00e1n z hlediska \u010dasov\u00fdch a pracovn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Varianta je nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed: nau\u010dte se kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky, zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed, regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy, dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Hledejte praktick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak tyto n\u00e1stroje vyu\u017e\u00edvat. Pokud denn\u011b 100kr\u00e1t spou\u0161t\u00edte p\u0159\u00edkaz, p\u0159i\u0159a\u010fte mu kl\u00e1vesovou zkratku. Pokud se pravideln\u011b p\u0159ipojujete ke stejn\u00fdm server\u016fm, zapi\u0161te si alias na jedno slovo, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s tam p\u0159ipojuje: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/93bb342b3dd44be5e1424f786614c3f9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nProzkoumejte r\u016fzn\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 existuje pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed termin\u00e1lov\u00fd klient, DE, spr\u00e1vce schr\u00e1nky, prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d, po\u0161tovn\u00ed klient, opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Zjist\u011bte, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed va\u0161i kolegov\u00e9 a zn\u00e1m\u00ed \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 si je nevybrali jen tak. Jakmile vyberete n\u00e1stroje, nau\u010dte se je pou\u017e\u00edvat: nau\u010dte se kl\u00e1vesy, zkratky, tipy a triky. <\/p>\n<p>Optimaln\u011b vyu\u017eijte standardn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje \u2014 coreutils, vim, regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy, bash. Pro posledn\u00ed t\u0159i existuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek a dokumentace. S nimi se lze pom\u011brn\u011b rychle dostat z pocitu \"c\u00edt\u00edm se jako opice, kter\u00e1 rozb\u00edj\u00ed o\u0159echy notebookem\" do stavu \"j\u00e1 jsem opice, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 notebook k objedn\u00e1n\u00ed si rozb\u00edje\u010de o\u0159ech\u016f.\" <\/p>\n<h3>Automatizace<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Automatizace<\/b> p\u0159esune t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 operace z na\u0161ich unaven\u00fdch rukou do ne\u00fanavn\u00fdch rukou automatizace. Pokud se n\u011bjak\u00fd standardn\u00ed postup prov\u00e1d\u00ed v p\u011bti jednotn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkazech, pro\u010d tyto p\u0159\u00edkazy nezabalit do jednoho souboru a nevolat jeden p\u0159\u00edkaz, kter\u00fd tento soubor st\u00e1hne a provede? <\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u011b automatizace z 80 % spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve psan\u00ed a optimalizaci vlastn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (a z dal\u0161\u00edch 20 % v pokusech dostat je k pr\u00e1ci tak, jak maj\u00ed). M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt prost\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00fd jednor\u00e1dkov\u00fd skript nebo obrovsk\u00fd v\u0161emocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj s webov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm a API. Hlavn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem je, \u017ee vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1stroje by m\u011blo zabrat m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu a \u00fasil\u00ed ne\u017e to, kolik sv\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte. Pokud str\u00e1v\u00edte p\u011bt hodin psan\u00edm skriptu, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m u\u017e nikdy nep\u0159ijde vhod, pro \u00fakol, jeho\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1m bez skriptu zabere hodinu nebo dv\u011b \u2014 to je velmi \u0161patn\u00e1 optimalizace pracovn\u00edho procesu. P\u011bt hodin m\u016f\u017eete investovat do vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pouze tehdy, pokud mno\u017estv\u00ed, typ \u00fakol\u016f a \u010das to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, co\u017e se nest\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasto.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace nezahrnuje nutn\u011b psan\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00fdch skript\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hromady jednotn\u00fdch objekt\u016f ze seznamu sta\u010d\u00ed \u0161ikovn\u00fd jednor\u00e1dkov\u00fd skript, kter\u00fd automaticky ud\u011bl\u00e1 to, co byste d\u011blali rukama, p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm mezi okny, s hromadami kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud postav\u00edte proces administrace na t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159ech pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, m\u016f\u017eete pom\u011brn\u011b rychle zv\u00fd\u0161it svou efektivitu, produktivitu a kvalifikaci. Tento seznam je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba doplnit o dal\u0161\u00ed bod, bez kter\u00e9ho je pr\u00e1ce v IT prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e1 \u2014 samo-vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<h3>Samo-vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed administr\u00e1tora<\/h3>\n<p>\nAbyste byli v t\u00e9to oblasti alespo\u0148 trochu kompetentn\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 se neust\u00e1le u\u010dit a objevovat nov\u00e9 v\u011bci. Pokud nem\u00e1te ani nejmen\u0161\u00ed chu\u0165 setk\u00e1vat se s\u00a0nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm a zkoumat, velmi rychle \u201epoklesnete\u201c. V IT se neust\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, technologie a metody, a pokud se je neu\u010d\u00edte alespo\u0148 povrchn\u011b \u2014 jdete k proh\u0159e. Mnoh\u00e9 oblasti informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed na pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9m a objemn\u00e9m z\u00e1kladu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0\u00edt\u011bmi. S\u00edt\u011b a internet jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v\u0161ude, setk\u00e1v\u00e1te se s\u00a0nimi ka\u017ed\u00fd den, ale kdy\u017e se za\u010dnete zaj\u00edmat o technologie, kter\u00e9 za nimi stoj\u00ed, objev\u00edte obrovskou a velmi slo\u017eitou discipl\u00ednu, jej\u00ed\u017e studium rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed proch\u00e1zkou v parku. <\/p>\n<p>Tento bod jsem neza\u0159adil do seznamu, proto\u017ee je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro IT jako celek, a ne pouze pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee se v\u00e1m nepoda\u0159\u00ed nau\u010dit se \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno a hned \u2014 jednodu\u0161e na to nem\u00e1te \u010das. Proto je p\u0159i samo-vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b abstrakce.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 hned u\u010dit se, jak funguje vnit\u0159n\u00ed spr\u00e1va pam\u011bti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje a jak interaguje se spr\u00e1vou pam\u011bti Linuxu, ale m\u00edt p\u0159edstavu o tom, co opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 schematicky je a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed, je dobr\u00e9. Nemus\u00edte zn\u00e1t strukturaln\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi z\u00e1hlav\u00edmi TCP a UDP, ale bylo by dobr\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odli\u0161nosti protokol\u016f v praxi. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba studovat, co p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u00fatlumy sign\u00e1lu v optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech, ale bylo by u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, pro\u010d skute\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty se v\u017edy d\u011bd\u00ed podle uzl\u016f. Nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho na tom, v\u011bd\u011bt, jak funguj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 prvky na ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovni abstrakce, a nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 analyzovat naprosto v\u0161echny \u00farovn\u011b, kdy\u017e neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 abstrakce (prost\u011b se z toho zbl\u00e1zn\u00edte). <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161ak se v\u00a0svoj\u00ed oblasti hovo\u0159it na \u00farovni abstrakce \u201eno, to je takov\u00e1 v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zobrazovat webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky\u201c \u2014 nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00e9. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky budou v\u011bnov\u00e1ny p\u0159ehledu hlavn\u00edch oblast\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi se syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch abstrakce. Pokus\u00edm se omezit mno\u017estv\u00ed zkouman\u00fdch znalost\u00ed na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 abstrakce.<\/p>\n<h3>10 p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora<\/h3>\n<p>\nTak\u017ee jsme se sezn\u00e1mili se \u010dty\u0159mi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi pil\u00ed\u0159i a z\u00e1klady. M\u016f\u017eeme za\u010d\u00edt \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my? Zat\u00edm ne. Nejd\u0159\u00edv je dobr\u00e9 se obezn\u00e1mit s takzvan\u00fdmi \u201ebest practices\u201c a pravidly dobr\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bez nich hroz\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00edce u\u0161kod\u00edte ne\u017e pom\u016f\u017eete. Tak za\u010dn\u011bme:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed moji kolegov\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00edm pravidlem je \u201ene\u0161kodit\u201c. Ale j\u00e1 s t\u00edm nesouhlas\u00edm. Kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edte ne\u0161kodit, v podstat\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete nic d\u011blat \u2013 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho akc\u00ed je potenci\u00e1ln\u011b destruktivn\u00edch. Nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravidlem pova\u017euji \u2013 <b>\u201eud\u011blej z\u00e1lohu\u201c<\/b>. I kdy\u017e u\u0161kod\u00edte, v\u017edy se m\u016f\u017eete vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt a u\u017e to nebude tak \u0161patn\u00e9.\n<p>Z\u00e1lohovat je t\u0159eba v\u017edy, kdy\u017e je \u010das a m\u00edsto na to. Z\u00e1lohovat byste m\u011bli to, co hodl\u00e1te m\u011bnit, a co riskujete ztratit p\u0159i potenci\u00e1ln\u011b destruktivn\u00ed akci. Z\u00e1lohu byste m\u011bli zkontrolovat na integritu a p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dat. Nema\u017ete z\u00e1lohu hned po tom, co v\u0161echno zkontrolujete, pokud nem\u00e1te pot\u0159ebu uvolnit m\u00edsto na disku. Pokud je t\u0159eba uvolnit m\u00edsto \u2013 z\u00e1lohujte na v\u00e1\u0161 osobn\u00ed server a mazejte po t\u00fddnu. <\/li>\n<li>Druh\u00fdm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravidlem (kter\u00e9 s\u00e1m \u010dasto poru\u0161uji) je \u2013 <b>\u201eneskryvej\u201c<\/b>. Pokud jste ud\u011blali z\u00e1lohu, napi\u0161te \u2013 kam, aby va\u0161i kolegov\u00e9 nemuseli hledat. Pokud jste provedli n\u011bjak\u00e9 nejasn\u00e9 nebo slo\u017eit\u00e9 akce, zaznamenejte to: odejdete dom\u016f a probl\u00e9m se m\u016f\u017ee opakovat nebo vzniknout u n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho a va\u0161e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se najde podle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov. I kdy\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1te n\u011bco, co dob\u0159e zn\u00e1te, va\u0161i kolegov\u00e9 to nemus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt. <\/li>\n<li>T\u0159et\u00ed pravidlo nen\u00ed t\u0159eba vysv\u011btlovat: <b>\u201enikdy ned\u011blej to, jej\u00ed\u017e d\u016fsledky nezn\u00e1\u0161, nep\u0159edstavuje\u0161 si nebo nech\u00e1pe\u0161\u201c<\/b>. Nekop\u00edruj p\u0159\u00edkazy z internetu, pokud nev\u00ed\u0161, co d\u011blaj\u00ed, zavolej man a nejprve si to rozlu\u010d. Nepou\u017e\u00edvej hotov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, pokud nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 pochopit, co d\u011blaj\u00ed. Minimalizuj prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zak\u00f3dovan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Pokud nem\u00e1\u0161 \u010das se s t\u00edm zorientovat \u2013 d\u011bl\u00e1\u0161 n\u011bco \u0161patn\u011b a m\u011bl bys se sezn\u00e1mit s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm bodem.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201eTestuj\u201c<\/b>. Nov\u00e9 skripty, n\u00e1stroje, jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy a p\u0159\u00edkazy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt testov\u00e1ny v kontrolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nikoli na klientsk\u00e9m stroji, pokud existuje alespo\u0148 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k destruktivn\u00edm akc\u00edm. I kdy\u017e jste v\u0161e z\u00e1lohovali (a ud\u011blali jste to), prostoje nejsou nic p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho. Po\u0159i\u010fte si k tomu samostatn\u00fd server\/virtu\u00e1lku\/chroot a testujte tam. Nic se neporouchalo? Pak m\u016f\u017eete spustit na \u201eprodukci\u201c.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/de96cff4be3087716ac2ce9bf1e50356.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201eKontroluj\u201c<\/b>. Minimalizujte ve\u0161ker\u00e9 operace, kter\u00e9 neovl\u00e1d\u00e1te. Jedna \u0161patn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost v bal\u00ed\u010dku m\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt za sebou polovinu syst\u00e9mu, a p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d -y pro yum remove v\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost procvi\u010dit si dovednosti obnoven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu od nuly. Pokud akce nem\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u00e9 alternativy \u2014 pokra\u010dujte k dal\u0161\u00edmu bodu a p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 z\u00e1loze.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201eKontroluj\u201c<\/b>. Kontrolujte d\u016fsledky sv\u00fdch akc\u00ed a zda je t\u0159eba se vr\u00e1tit k z\u00e1loze. Ov\u011b\u0159te, zda se probl\u00e9m skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161il. Kontrolujte, zda se chyba reprodukuje a za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Zjist\u011bte, co m\u016f\u017eete sv\u00fdmi akcemi rozb\u00edt. D\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9, ale kontrolovat \u2014 nikdy ne.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201eKomunikuj\u201c<\/b>. Pokud se v\u00e1m neda\u0159\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m, zeptejte se koleg\u016f, jestli se s t\u00edm setkali. Chcete aplikovat sporn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2014 zjist\u011bte n\u00e1zor koleg\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 navrhnou lep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nejste si jisti sv\u00fdmi kroky \u2014 proberte je s kolegy. I kdy\u017e je to va\u0161e odborn\u00e1 oblast, nov\u00fd pohled na situaci m\u016f\u017ee mnoho objasnit. Nebojte se p\u0159iznat sv\u00e9 neznalosti. Rad\u011bji se zeptejte na hloupou ot\u00e1zku, vypadn\u011bte jako bl\u00e1zen a z\u00edskejte na ni odpov\u011b\u010f, ne\u017e se nezeptat, nedostat odpov\u011b\u010f a z\u016fstat jako bl\u00e1zen.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201eNed\u00e1vej neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u011b pomoc\u201c<\/b>. Tento bod je opa\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka p\u0159edchoz\u00edho. Pokud jste dostali hloupou ot\u00e1zku \u2014 objasn\u011bte a vysv\u011btlete. \u017d\u00e1daj\u00ed o nemo\u017en\u00e9 \u2014 vysv\u011btlete, \u017ee to nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 a pro\u010d, navrhn\u011bte alternativy. Pokud nem\u00e1te \u010das (skute\u010dn\u011b nem\u00e1te \u010das, ne nechcete) \u2014 \u0159ekn\u011bte, \u017ee m\u00e1te urgentn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku a velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, ale \u017ee se na to pod\u00edv\u00e1te pozd\u011bji. Pokud kolegov\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed urgentn\u00ed \u00fakoly, navrhn\u011bte, aby se obr\u00e1tili na n\u011b, a delegujte ot\u00e1zku.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u201ePoskytni zp\u011btnou vazbu\u201c<\/b>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z koleg\u016f za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat novou metodiku nebo skript a vy se setk\u00e1v\u00e1te s negativn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed? Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd na t\u0159i \u0159\u00e1dky k\u00f3du nebo za p\u011bt minut \u00faprav metodiky. Narazili jste na chybu v softwaru? Nahlaste ji. Pokud je reprodukovateln\u00e1 nebo ji nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 reprodukovat, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ji oprav\u00edme. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159ete sv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1vrhy a konstruktivn\u00ed kritiku, vznesete ot\u00e1zky k diskusi, pokud se v\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed relevantn\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li><b>\u201e\u017d\u00e1dejte zp\u011btnou vazbu\u201c<\/b>V\u0161ichni nejsme dokonal\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako na\u0161e rozhodnut\u00ed, a nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak ov\u011b\u0159it spr\u00e1vnost sv\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed, je p\u0159edlo\u017eit ho k diskusi. Optimalizovali jste n\u011bco pro klienta \u2014 po\u017e\u00e1dejte, aby sledoval pr\u00e1ci, mo\u017en\u00e1 je \"\u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo\" syst\u00e9mu jinde, ne\u017e jste hledali. Napsali jste pomocn\u00fd skript \u2014 uka\u017ete ho koleg\u016fm, mo\u017en\u00e1 najdou zp\u016fsob, jak ho vylep\u0161it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nPokud tyto praktiky v pr\u00e1ci neust\u00e1le uplat\u0148ujete, v\u011bt\u0161ina probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159estane b\u00fdt probl\u00e9my: nejen\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte po\u010det sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch chyb a proh\u0159e\u0161k\u016f na minimum, ale tak\u00e9 budete m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost chyby opravit (v podob\u011b z\u00e1loh a koleg\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m doporu\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1lohovat). D\u00e1l jsou jen technick\u00e9 detaily, ve kter\u00fdch, jak zn\u00e1mo, tkv\u011bj\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, s kter\u00fdmi budete muset pracovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % \u010dasu \u2014 grep a vim. Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed? Hled\u00e1n\u00ed v textu a \u00faprava textu. Ale grep i vim jsou mocn\u00e9 multifunk\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u011b hledat a upravovat text. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bjak\u00fd windowsk\u00fd notepad v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed prost\u011b napsat\/odstranit \u0159\u00e1dek, v vim m\u016f\u017eete s textem d\u011blat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cokoliv. Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edte \u2014 zavolejte z termin\u00e1lu p\u0159\u00edkaz vimtutor a za\u010dn\u011bte se u\u010dit. Co se t\u00fd\u010de grepu \u2014 jeho hlavn\u00ed s\u00edla spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdrazech. Ano, samotn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj umo\u017e\u0148uje pom\u011brn\u011b flexibiln\u011b nastavit podm\u00ednky hled\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed data, ale bez RegExp to nem\u00e1 moc smyslu. A regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t! Aspo\u0148 na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farovni. Na za\u010d\u00e1tek bych v\u00e1m doporu\u010dil pod\u00edvat se na toto. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KJG1dETacLI\">video<\/a><\/noindex>, v n\u011bm\u017e se rozeb\u00edraj\u00ed z\u00e1klady regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s grep. A ano, kdy\u017e je zkombinujete s vim, z\u00edsk\u00e1te ULTIM\u00c1TN\u00cd S\u00cdLU, mo\u017enost d\u011blat s textem takov\u00e9 v\u011bci, \u017ee je t\u0159eba je ov\u011bsit zna\u010dkami 18+.<\/p>\n<p>Z zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 50 % p\u0159ipad\u00e1 40 % na bal\u00edk n\u00e1stroj\u016f coreutils. Seznam pro coreutils si m\u016f\u017eete zobrazit v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_Coreutils\">Wikipedie<\/a><\/noindex>, a p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka k cel\u00e9mu seznamu je na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/html_node\/\">GNU<\/a><\/noindex>. Co nen\u00ed pokryto t\u00edmto bal\u00edkem, najdete v utilit\u00e1ch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.opengroup.org\/onlinepubs\/9699919799\/idx\/utilities.html\">POSIX<\/a><\/noindex>. Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 pamatovat si to v\u0161echno se v\u0161emi kl\u00ed\u010di nazpam\u011b\u0165, ale alespo\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, co mohou hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. Nebudete muset vynal\u00e9zat kolo z berl\u00ed. Kdysi jsem pot\u0159eboval nahradit nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky mezerami ve v\u00fdstupu z n\u011bjak\u00e9 utility a nemocn\u00e1 mysl porodila konstrukci ve stylu <code>sed ':a;N;$!ba;s\\\/n\\\/ \/g'<\/code>, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed kolega m\u011b odh\u00e1n\u011bl od konzole s ko\u0161t\u011btem a pak probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161il naps\u00e1n\u00edm <code>tr 'n' ' '<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmu spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9mu: jak u\u010dinit po\u0159\u00e1dek z chaosu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/c6a90b20b708046e3b70c2824bc5b785.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDoporu\u010dil bych si zapamatovat, co p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd n\u00e1stroj a kl\u00ed\u010de k t\u011bm nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm, pro v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed je man. Nev\u00e1hejte zavolat man, pokud si nejste v n\u011b\u010dem jisti. A ur\u010dit\u011b si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte man na man \u2014 obsahuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace o tom, co najdete.<\/p>\n<p>Znalost\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f budete schopni efektivn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st \u00faloh, se kter\u00fdmi se na praxi setk\u00e1te. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch lekc\u00edch se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, kdy tyto n\u00e1stroje a struktury hlavn\u00edch slu\u017eeb a aplikac\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>S v\u00e1mi byl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor FirstVDS Kirill Cvetkov.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/first\/blog\/472810\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 FirstVDS, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u044f \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in 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