{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Po novoro\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch jsme znovu spustili katastroficky odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na dvou platform\u00e1ch. Dnes v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak to funguje, a p\u0159edstav\u00edme, co se d\u011bje s klientsk\u00fdmi virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi stroji p\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f clusteru a p\u00e1du cel\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (spojler \u2013 v\u0161echno je v po\u0159\u00e1dku). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Syst\u00e9m SAN katastroficky odoln\u00e9ho cloudu na platform\u011b OST.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Co je uvnit\u0159<\/h3>\n<p>\nPod kapotou clusteru jsou servery Cisco UCS s hypervizorem VMware ESXi, dv\u011b SAN \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed Cisco Nexus a SAN switche Brocade. Cluster je distribuov\u00e1n na dv\u011b platformy \u2013 OST a NORD, tedy v ka\u017ed\u00e9m datov\u00e9m centru je identick\u00e1 sada vybaven\u00ed. To ho \u010din\u00ed katastroficky odoln\u00fdm. <\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 platformy jsou hlavn\u00ed prvky tak\u00e9 zdvojeny (hostitel\u00e9, SAN switche, s\u00ed\u0165).<br \/>\nOb\u011b platformy jsou spojeny vyhrazen\u00fdmi optick\u00fdmi trasami, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed rezervu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1r slov o SAN. Prvn\u00ed varianta katastroficky odoln\u00e9ho cloudu byla postavena na NetApp. Zde jsme zvolili INFINIDAT a to je d\u016fvod:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u017enost Active-Active replikace. Ta umo\u017e\u0148uje virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu stroji z\u016fstat v provozuschopn\u00e9m stavu i p\u0159i \u00fapln\u00e9m selh\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho ze SAN. O replikaci se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce d\u00e1le.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0159i diskov\u00e9 kontrolery pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti syst\u00e9mu. Obvykle jsou dva.<\/li>\n<li>Hotov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159edstavili jsme si u\u017e sestaven\u00fd rack, kter\u00fd sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipojit k s\u00edti a nastavit.<\/li>\n<li>Pe\u010dliv\u00e1 technick\u00e1 podpora. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i INFINIDAT neust\u00e1le analyzuj\u00ed protokoly a ud\u00e1losti SAN, instaluj\u00ed nov\u00e9 verze firmwaru, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s konfigurac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTady je p\u00e1r fotek z unpacking\u2019u:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Jak to funguje<\/h3>\n<p>\nCloud je u\u017e s\u00e1m o sob\u011b odoln\u00fd. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed klienta p\u0159ed jednotliv\u00fdmi hardwarov\u00fdmi a softwarov\u00fdmi selh\u00e1n\u00edmi. Katastrofick\u00e1 odolnost v\u0161ak pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed hromadn\u00fdmi v\u00fdpadky v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 platformy: nap\u0159\u00edklad selh\u00e1n\u00ed SAN (nebo SDS clusteru, co\u017e se nest\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u0159\u00eddka \ud83d\ude42 ), masivn\u00ed chyby v \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00edti a podobn\u011b. A to nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: takov\u00fd cloud zachra\u0148uje, kdy\u017e se cel\u00e1 platforma stane nedostupnou kv\u016fli po\u017e\u00e1ru, v\u00fdpadku elektrick\u00e9ho proudu, n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu p\u0159evzet\u00ed, nebo p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech klientsk\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pokra\u010duj\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci, a zde je d\u016fvod pro\u010d. <\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00e9ma clustera je uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1na tak, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli ESXi host s klientsk\u00fdmi virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi stroji m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159istupovat k jak\u00e9koli ze dvou SAN. Pokud SAN na lokalit\u011b OST sel\u017ee, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje budou pokra\u010dovat v provozu: hostitel\u00e9, na kter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017e\u00ed, budou vy\u017eadovat data z SAN na NORD. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Takto vypad\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma p\u0159ipojen\u00ed v clusteru. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee mezi SAN switchi dvou lokalit je nastaven Inter-Switch Link: SAN switch Fabric A OST je spojen se SAN switchem Fabric A NORD, obdobn\u011b i pro SAN switche Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>Aby m\u011bly v\u0161echny tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 struktury SAN smysl, je mezi dv\u011bma SAN nastaven\u00e1 aktivn\u011b-aktivn\u00ed replikace: informace jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sou\u010dasn\u011b zapisov\u00e1ny do lok\u00e1ln\u00edho a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho SAN, RPO=0. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na jednom SAN se uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 origin\u00e1l dat, na druh\u00e9m \u2013 jejich replikace. Data se replikuj\u00ed na \u00farovni odd\u00edl\u016f SAN a na nich se uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed data VM (jeho disky, konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor, swap soubor a dal\u0161\u00ed). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi host vid\u00ed hlavn\u00ed odd\u00edl a jeho replikaci jako jedno diskov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (Storage Device). K ka\u017ed\u00e9mu diskov\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vedou od ESXi hosta 24 cest:<\/p>\n<p>12 cest spojuje lok\u00e1ln\u00ed SAN (optim\u00e1ln\u00ed cesty) a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 12 \u2013 vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm (neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed cesty). V norm\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci ESXi p\u0159istupuje k dat\u016fm na lok\u00e1ln\u00edm SAN, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc \"optim\u00e1ln\u00ed\" cesty. Po selh\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto SAN ESXi ztr\u00e1c\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed cesty a p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 se na \"neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed\". Takto to vypad\u00e1 na sch\u00e9matu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sch\u00e9ma katastrofick\u00e9 odolnosti clustera.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny klientsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jsou p\u0159ivedeny na ob\u011b lokalitiy p\u0159es spole\u010dnou s\u00ed\u0165ovou strukturu. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 lokalit\u011b funguje Provider Edge (PE), na kter\u00e9m jsou ukon\u010dov\u00e1ny s\u00edt\u011b klienta. PE jsou spojeny do spole\u010dn\u00e9ho clustera. P\u0159i selh\u00e1n\u00ed PE na jedn\u00e9 lokalit\u011b je ve\u0161ker\u00fd provoz p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n na druhou lokalitu. D\u00edky tomu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje z lokality, kter\u00e1 z\u016fstala bez PE, dostupn\u00e9 na s\u00edti pro klienta. <\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme, co se stane s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi stroji klienta p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch selh\u00e1n\u00edch. Za\u010dneme s nejslab\u0161\u00edmi variantami a skon\u010d\u00edme t\u00edm nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 selh\u00e1n\u00edm cel\u00e9 lokality. V p\u0159\u00edkladech bude hlavn\u00ed lokalitou OST a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed, s replikami dat, NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>Co se stane s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm strojem klienta, pokud\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Sel\u017ee Replication Link.<\/b> Replikace mezi SAN dvou lokalit se p\u0159eru\u0161uje.<br \/>\nESXi budou fungovat pouze s m\u00edstn\u00edmi pevn\u00fdmi disky (podle optim\u00e1ln\u00edch cest). <br \/>\nVirtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pokra\u010duj\u00ed v provozu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed ISL (Inter-Switch Link).<\/b> Situace je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1. Snad jen n\u011bjak\u00fd \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd bagr p\u0159ekope najednou n\u011bkolik optick\u00fdch tras, kter\u00e9 vedou nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi trasami a jsou zavedeny na m\u00edsta skrze r\u016fzn\u00e9 vstupy. Ale p\u0159esto. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ESXi hostitel\u00e9 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed polovinu cest a mohou se obracet pouze na sv\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed SAN. Repliky se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed, ale hostitel\u00e9 k nim nebudou m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pracuj\u00ed standardn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Selh\u00e1v\u00e1 SAN switch na jednom z m\u00edst.<\/b> ESXi hostitel\u00e9 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st cest k SAN. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hostitel\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b, kde do\u0161lo k selh\u00e1n\u00ed switche, budou fungovat pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho jedin\u00e9ho HBA. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nad\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed standardn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161echny SAN switche na jednom z m\u00edst.<\/b> P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee takov\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017e nastala na m\u00edst\u011b OST. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ESXi hostitel\u00e9 na tomto m\u00edst\u011b ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed v\u0161echny cesty k sv\u00fdm pevn\u00fdm disk\u016fm. Zde se aktivuje standardn\u00ed mechanismus VMware vSphere HA: restartuje v\u0161echny virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje na m\u00edst\u011b OST do NORDu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b za 140 sekund. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na hostitel\u00edch na m\u00edst\u011b NORD funguj\u00ed standardn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Selh\u00e1v\u00e1 ESXi hostitel na jednom m\u00edst\u011b. <\/b>Op\u011bt zde funguje mechanismus vSphere HA: virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje z nefunk\u010dn\u00edho hostitele se restartuj\u00ed na jin\u00fdch hostitel\u00edch \u2013 na stejn\u00e9m nebo vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Doba restartu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje \u2013 a\u017e 1 minuta. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni ESXi hostitel\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b OST, zde u\u017e nen\u00ed jin\u00e1 varianta: VM se restartuj\u00ed na jin\u00e9m. Doba restartu je stejn\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Selh\u00e1v\u00e1 SAN na jednom m\u00edst\u011b.<\/b> P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee selhal SAN na m\u00edst\u011b OST. Potom ESXi hostitel\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b OST p\u0159epnou na pr\u00e1ci s replikami SAN v NORDu. Po n\u00e1vratu nefunk\u010dn\u00edho SAN do provozu dojde k nucen\u00e9 replikaci, ESXi hostitel\u00e9 OST znovu za\u010dnou vyu\u017e\u00edvat m\u00edstn\u00ed SAN. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje po celou dobu funguj\u00ed standardn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Selh\u00e1v\u00e1 jedno z m\u00edst.<\/b> V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budou v\u0161echny virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje restartov\u00e1ny na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b pomoc\u00ed mechanismu vSphere HA. Doba restartu VM je 140 sekund. P\u0159itom v\u0161echna s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 nastaven\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje z\u016fstanou zachov\u00e1na a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dostupn\u00e1 pro klienta po s\u00edti.<\/p>\n<p>Aby restart stroj\u016f na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed platform\u011b prob\u011bhl bez probl\u00e9m\u016f, je ka\u017ed\u00e1 platforma zapln\u011bna pouze z poloviny. Druh\u00e1 polovina slou\u017e\u00ed jako rezerva pro p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159esunu v\u0161ech virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f z druh\u00e9, posti\u017een\u00e9, platformy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastroficky odoln\u00fd cloud: jak to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159ed takov\u00fdmi selh\u00e1n\u00edmi chr\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof\u00e1ln\u011b odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na dvou datov\u00fdch centrech. <\/p>\n<p>Tato slu\u017eba nen\u00ed levn\u00e1, proto\u017ee vedle hlavn\u00edch zdroj\u016f je pot\u0159eba rezerva na druh\u00e9 platform\u011b. Proto se v takov\u00e9m cloudu umis\u0165uj\u00ed podnikov\u011b kritick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, jejich\u017e dlouh\u00e1 odst\u00e1vka m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed a reputa\u010dn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty, nebo pokud jsou na informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m kladeny po\u017eadavky na katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed odolnost ze strany regul\u00e1tor\u016f nebo vnit\u0159n\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f firmy.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zdroje:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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