{"id":40723,"date":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator"},"modified":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","slug":"professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","title":{"rendered":"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Od star\u0161\u00ed generace \u010dasto sly\u0161\u00edme magick\u00e1 slova o \"jedin\u00e9m z\u00e1znamu v pracovn\u00edm se\u0161it\u011b\". Opravdu jsme se setk\u00e1vali s fascinuj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy: instalat\u00e9r \u2014 instalat\u00e9r vysok\u00e9 kategorie \u2014 mistr d\u00edlny \u2014 vedouc\u00ed sm\u011bny \u2014 hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr \u2014 \u0159editel z\u00e1vodu. To nem\u016f\u017ee nep\u016fsobit na na\u0161i generaci, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed jednou, dvakr\u00e1t, ba co v\u00edc \u2014 n\u011bkdy i p\u011btkr\u00e1t a v\u00edce. M\u00e1me mo\u017enost nejen m\u011bnit spole\u010dnosti, ale m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 m\u011bnit profesi a v n\u00ed se docela rychle za\u0161kolit. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 patrn\u00e9 v oblasti IT, kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi kari\u00e9rn\u00edmi transfery a radik\u00e1ln\u00edmi posuny v kari\u00e9rn\u00edm postupu, jak nahoru, tak dol\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto procesu jsme si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee seznam povol\u00e1n\u00ed je popt\u00e1v\u00e1n nejen studenty, kte\u0159\u00ed si vyb\u00edraj\u00ed vysokou \u0161kolu, ale tak\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi, kte\u0159\u00ed si vyty\u010duj\u00ed cestu. Proto jsme se rozhodli \u0159\u00edct o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch specializac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou v oblasti IT \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me s tou, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m je nejbl\u00ed\u017ee \u2014 syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/63eb779ecfaa492875847cb33e7df1b7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>V\u0161echno je tak<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kdo to je?<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 nastaven\u00edm, zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm a podporou IT infrastruktury spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b hardwaru, perifern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, softwaru a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Je to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 form\u00e1ln\u00ed definice?<\/p>\n<p>To, \u010demu se syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor v\u011bnuje, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti firmy, oblasti \u010dinnosti, zku\u0161enostech a dovednostech samotn\u00e9ho admina. M\u00edsto toho, abychom d\u00e1vali definici, rad\u011bji vyzdvihn\u011bme konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy sysadmin\u016f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enikej je za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce nastaven\u00ed hardwaru a softwaru. Obvykle je pomocn\u00edkem star\u0161\u00edho sysadmina nebo adminem v mal\u00e9 ne-IT firm\u011b, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed incidenty.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor (tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd prav\u00fd admin) je odborn\u00edk \u0161irok\u00e9ho profilu, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za stabiln\u00ed a bezporuchov\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed IT infrastruktury, prov\u00e1d\u00ed monitoring, inventarizaci, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za bezpe\u010dnost u\u017eivatel\u016f, zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se s\u00edt\u011bmi atd. Je to mnohokr\u00e1t rukou a mnoha hlavami boha IT infrastruktury, kter\u00fd p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9 IT \u010dinnosti firmy. Vyskytuje se prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd architekt-in\u017een\u00fdr je odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd navrhuje IT infrastrukturu a s\u00ed\u0165ovou architekturu ve velk\u00fdch korporac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 konfigurac\u00ed a rozvojem fyzick\u00fdch a logick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed ve firm\u011b, jako\u017e i spr\u00e1vou syst\u00e9m\u016f fakturace, evidence a kontroly provozu. Je vy\u017eadov\u00e1n v datov\u00fdch centrech, telekomunikac\u00edch, bank\u00e1ch a korporac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>In\u017een\u00fdr informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti je odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost IT infrastruktury na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch. Je vy\u017eadov\u00e1n v podnic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou citliv\u00e9 na \u00fatoky a proniknut\u00ed do s\u00edt\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad fintech, banky, pr\u016fmysl atd.).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPokud se rozhodnete st\u00e1t se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem, je nejlep\u0161\u00ed si hned napl\u00e1novat, jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se budete vyv\u00edjet, proto\u017ee na pozici helpdeskov\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka se neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro rodinu a neud\u011bl\u00e1te s n\u00ed kari\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f8b7725e5f18c02e07173e6fd93bc362.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kde je pot\u0159eba?<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0158ekl bych, \u017ee v\u0161ude, ale to by byla le\u017e. Z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu si vedouc\u00ed mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f \u010dasto mysl\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echno se d\u00e1 \u201anarvat\u2018 do cloudu a \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jenom p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00fd helpdeskov\u00fd pracovn\u00edk. Proto \u010dasto firmy trp\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed IT infrastrukturou (sp\u00ed\u0161e IT chaos), ale administr\u00e1tora necht\u011bj\u00ed najmout. Pokud se v\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed dostat do takov\u00e9 firmy, v 99% p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byste m\u011bli pova\u017eovat pr\u00e1ci ve firm\u011b za zku\u0161enost a posunout se d\u00e1l, a jen v 1% p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u0161\u00e9fa, st\u00e1t se nezbytn\u00fdm a vybudovat ide\u00e1ln\u00ed IT prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vyv\u00e1\u017eenou architekturou a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm (to popisuji p\u0159\u00edmo z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkladu!).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ale ve firm\u00e1ch, kde je IT kl\u00ed\u010dovou oblast\u00ed \u010dinnosti (hostingy, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i apod.) nebo kde spojuje opera\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti (doru\u010den\u00ed, internetov\u00e9 obchody, banky, maloobchod atd.), se syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor okam\u017eit\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1van\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee rozv\u00edjet v jednom nebo n\u011bkolika sm\u011brech. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee automatizace st\u00e1le v\u00edce zasahuje do firem, naj\u00edt pr\u00e1ci jako syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor na za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u00farovni nebude obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. A kdy\u017e se stanete zdatn\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem, firmy se budou o v\u00e1s pr\u00e1t, proto\u017ee helpdeskov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f je mnoho, ale profesion\u00e1l\u016f, jako v ka\u017ed\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed, je m\u00e1lo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V dob\u011b psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?divisions%5B%5D=administration&amp;currency=rur\">na slu\u017eb\u011b 'Habr Kari\u00e9ra' 67 nab\u00eddek pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst<\/a><\/noindex>, spojen\u00e9 se syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm spr\u00e1vcov\u00e1n\u00edm. A pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, \u017ee rozmanitost \u201especializac\u00ed\u201c je velik\u00e1: od pracovn\u00edka technick\u00e9 podpory po specialistu na informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a DevOps. Mimochodem, pr\u00e1ce v technick\u00e9 podpo\u0159e na za\u010d\u00e1tku velmi rychle, kvalitn\u011b a do hloubky rozv\u00edj\u00ed \u0159adu dovednost\u00ed cenn\u00fdch pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 mzda<\/h2>\n<p>\nMzdu se op\u011bt pod\u00edv\u00e1me na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/salaries\">Habr Kari\u00e9ra<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Vezmeme pr\u016fm\u011brnou mzdu bez rozd\u00edlen\u00ed dovednost\u00ed pro \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora\u201c a pro \u201eDevOps\u201c na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f za 2. pololet\u00ed 2019. To jsou nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed specializace v sekci \u201eAdministrace\u201c a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Porovn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n<p>\u00darove\u0148 specialisty<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor<\/p>\n<p>DevOps<\/p>\n<p>st\u00e1\u017eista (intern)<\/p>\n<p>25 900 CZK<\/p>\n<p>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed st\u00e1\u017eist\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>junior<\/p>\n<p>32 560 CZK<\/p>\n<p>69 130 CZK<\/p>\n<p>middle<\/p>\n<p>58 822 CZK<\/p>\n<p>112 756 CZK<\/p>\n<p>senior<\/p>\n<p>82 710 CZK\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>146 445 CZK<\/p>\n<p>lead<\/p>\n<p>86 507 CZK<\/p>\n<p>197 561 CZK<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edsla jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b uvedena s ohledem na Moskvu, v regionech je situace skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale co je charakteristick\u00e9, proporce jsou zhruba stejn\u00e9. A mysl\u00edm, \u017ee takov\u00fd rozd\u00edl je spravedliv\u00fd, proto\u017ee DevOps skute\u010dn\u011b maj\u00ed pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed dovednosti (pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o kanonick\u00fdch DevOps, a ne o t\u011bch, kdo maj\u00ed pouze n\u00e1zev).<\/p>\n<p>Jedna v\u011bc, kterou bych nerad doporu\u010doval, je nab\u00edrat junior DevOps po vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole. Kluci teoretici, kte\u0159\u00ed nepoznali ani dev, ani ops, se na za\u010d\u00e1tku jev\u00ed pon\u011bkud pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b, slab\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00ed z d\u016fvodu neporozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, kam sm\u011b\u0159ovat a rozhodn\u011b nestoj\u00ed za vyzna\u010den\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Na u\u017e\u0161\u00edch specializac\u00edch by m\u011bli b\u00fdt zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161li ohn\u011bm, vodou, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdmi trubkami, bash a skripty PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na odborn\u00edka<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora se li\u0161\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti k spole\u010dnosti (n\u011bkomu je pot\u0159eba znalost 1C, 1C-Bitrix, Kubernetes, ur\u010dit\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze atd.), ale existuje n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budou hodit v ka\u017ed\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Znalost a porozum\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9mu modelu OSI, z\u00e1kladn\u00edm protokol\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li>Administrace opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Windows a\/nebo Unix, v\u010detn\u011b skupinov\u00fdch politik, spr\u00e1vy bezpe\u010dnosti, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, pr\u00e1ce s p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dkem a mnohem v\u00edce.<\/li>\n<li>Scripting bash, PowerShell, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje automatizovat a optimalizovat rutinn\u00ed \u00fakoly syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1torstv\u00ed.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Opravy a \u00fadr\u017eba po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, serverov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a periferi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1ce s nastaven\u00edm a sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1ce s po\u0161tovn\u00edmi servery a servery telefonie.<\/li>\n<li>Instalace kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch program\u016f a aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00edtov\u00fd a infrastrukturn\u00ed monitoring.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTo je z\u00e1klad, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba zvl\u00e1dnout na dobr\u00e9, jist\u00e9 \u00farovni. A nen\u00ed to tak jednoduch\u00e9, jak se zd\u00e1: za ka\u017ed\u00fdm bodem je spousta vychyt\u00e1vek, tajemstv\u00ed odbornosti, nezbytn\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, pokyn\u016f a manu\u00e1l\u016f. S opravdov\u00fdm sebezku\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159i pln\u00e9m zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed to minim\u00e1ln\u011b zabere rok.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3ccce68de58c3844296f07bf46085fa5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Jakmile se nau\u010d\u00edte, budete rozum\u011bt t\u00e9to vtipu.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 osobn\u00ed vlastnosti<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt izolovan\u00fd ve spole\u010dnosti a profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Neust\u00e1le mus\u00ed komunikovat s lidmi telefonicky i osobn\u011b, tak\u017ee bude muset p\u0159ekonat introvertn\u00ed rysy. Sysadmin by m\u011bl b\u00fdt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di stresu \u2013 aby se vyrovnal s nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm u\u017eivatel\u016f, obrovsk\u00fdm objemem pr\u00e1ce a komunikac\u00ed s veden\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li>multitasking \u2013 obvykle spr\u00e1va IT infrastruktury znamen\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkolika \u00fakol\u016f, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkolika incident\u016f najednou;<\/li>\n<li>schopn\u00fd \u0159\u00eddit \u010das \u2013 pouze p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zachr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed probl\u00e9my, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi \u00fakoly a dodac\u00edmi lh\u016ftami;<\/li>\n<li>komunikativn\u00ed \u2013 schopn\u00fd naslouchat, analyzovat a porozum\u011bt tomu, co u\u017eivatel\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed \u0159\u00edct (n\u011bkdy je to velmi, velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9);<\/li>\n<li>technicky mysl\u00edc\u00ed \u2013 bohu\u017eel, bez schopnosti myslet in\u017een\u00fdrsky, systematicky a algoritmicky se v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m administrativ\u011b neobejdete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Nutnost znalosti ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>\nPokud spole\u010dnost po\u017eaduje znalost jazyk\u016f a ta se vztahuje na odborn\u00edky, pak by m\u011bl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor spl\u0148ovat tyto po\u017eadavky (nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost poskytuje outsourcingov\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti). Ale obecn\u011b by m\u011bl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor rozum\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m v angli\u010dtin\u011b \u2013 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu to sta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud v\u0161ak chcete kari\u00e9rn\u011b r\u016fst, z\u00edskat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty, v\u010detn\u011b Cisco, a jako prvn\u00ed se sezn\u00e1mit s pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi technologiemi, budete pot\u0159ebovat angli\u010dtinu na \u00farovni minim\u00e1ln\u011b Upper Intermediate. Ur\u010dit\u011b doporu\u010duji tuto investici do profesn\u00edho rozvoje; dos\u00e1hnout t\u00e9to \u00farovn\u011b nen\u00ed nadlidsk\u00fd \u00fakol, i bez jazykov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed se to d\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<h2>Kde se u\u010dit<\/h2>\n<p>\nPovol\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee pro vstup do profese nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee se na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory vlastn\u011b na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m speci\u00e1ln\u00edm oboru nenau\u010d\u00edte. Z\u00e1kladn\u011b to z\u00e1vis\u00ed jen na v\u00e1s \u2014 na tom, jak jste ochotni samostatn\u011b osvojit teorii a v\u011bnovat se praxi, pracovat s opera\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my (Windows a Unix), periferiemi a zabezpe\u010den\u00edm. V podstat\u011b by se v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d m\u011bl st\u00e1t va\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukovou laborato\u0159\u00ed (je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe, pokud budete m\u00edt samostatn\u00fd stroj pro tyto \u00fakoly, aby proces nezasahoval do va\u0161\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a studia).<\/p>\n<p>Tvrdit, \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je povol\u00e1n\u00ed bez vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a ot\u00e1zka samotn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je u\u017e skoro zlo\u010din, proto\u017ee vid\u00edme \u00farove\u0148 dob\u0159e placen\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \"klasick\u00e1\" v\u00fdbava, kterou budete pot\u0159ebovat.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ide\u00e1ln\u011b technick\u00e9, v\u00e1m poskytne porozum\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016fm algoritmick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, elektroniky atd. To zna\u010dn\u011b usnadn\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed specializaci a urychl\u00ed jej\u00ed osvojen\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho bychom nem\u011bli zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee pro v\u011bt\u0161inu rusk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f je diplom st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm dokumentem p\u0159i p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Jeden nebo v\u00edce certifik\u00e1t\u016f Cisco v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed va\u0161e dovednosti a u\u010din\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivotopis konkurenceschopn\u00fdm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) \u2014 prvn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 technika Cisco pro s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching \u2014 jeden z z\u00e1kladn\u00edch certifik\u00e1t\u016f na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni. S Cisco se setk\u00e1te prakticky v jak\u00e9koli spole\u010dnosti, zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je tato profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed certifikace v podstat\u011b zlat\u00fdm standardem pro pr\u00e1ci v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 oblasti. V budoucnu m\u016f\u017eete \"z\u00edskat\" dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, ale inkognito v\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee ji\u017e za pomoci zam\u011bstnavatele \ud83d\ude09.<\/li>\n<li>V z\u00e1vislosti na pracovn\u00edm profilu m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty v oblasti opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, bezpe\u010dnosti, s\u00edt\u00ed atd. Tyto dokumenty jsou skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny zam\u011bstnavateli a z vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti mohu \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edpravy na zkou\u0161ky se v t\u00e9matu opravdu prohloub\u00edte. Pokud se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1te studiem sami a omez\u00edte se pouze na kurzy, bude t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 zkou\u0161ku slo\u017eit.<\/li>\n<li>Existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden zp\u016fsob vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 komplexn\u00ed kurzy syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f pro Windows a Unix. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na u\u010diteli a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organizaci, kter\u00e1 kurz po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1, ale kvalita kurzu m\u016f\u017ee 100% zklamat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, za vhodn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed takov\u00fd kurz skv\u011ble systematizuje znalosti a rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 je do jasn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Pokud se rozhodnete z\u00edskat takov\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, zvolte si nikoli vysokou \u0161kolu, ale firemn\u00ed univerzitu, kde vyu\u010duj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00ed, aktivn\u00ed profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9, nikoli teoretici z 90. let.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje neust\u00e1l\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v nov\u00fdch technologi\u00edch, ochran\u011b a syst\u00e9mech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed IT infrastruktury atd. Bez st\u00e1leho pono\u0159en\u00ed do nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f brzy ztrat\u00edte svou kvalifikaci a hodnotu na trhu.<\/p>\n<p>Nebudete schopni obch\u00e1zet z\u00e1klady a st\u00e1t se skv\u011bl\u00fdm profesion\u00e1lem \u2014 bez znalosti architektury PC, server\u016f, porozum\u011bn\u00ed princip\u016fm fungov\u00e1n\u00ed aplika\u010dn\u00edho a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho softwaru, opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f to prost\u011b nep\u016fjde. Proto je pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed 'za\u010dn\u011bte od za\u010d\u00e1tku'.<\/p>\n<h2>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed knihy a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Klasika \u2014 to jsou Andrew Tanenbaum: 'Architektura po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f', 'Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b', 'Modern\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my'. Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u0159i objemn\u00e9 knihy, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159e\u017eily n\u011bkolik vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, skv\u011ble se \u010dtou a dob\u0159e se vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Nav\u00edc n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed svoji l\u00e1sku k pr\u00e1ci pr\u00e1v\u011b s t\u011bmito knihami.<\/li>\n<li>T. Limoncelli, K. Hogan 'Praktika syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1torstv\u00ed' je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 'mysl\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1' kniha k systematizaci znalost\u00ed ji\u017e zku\u0161en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. Obecn\u011b m\u00e1 Limoncelli n\u011bkolik dobr\u00fdch knih pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>R. Pike, B. Kernighan 'Unix. Programov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed' a dal\u0161\u00ed knihy od Kernighana<\/li>\n<li>Noah Gift \u201ePython v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m administrativ\u011b UNIX a Linux\u201c \u2014 skv\u011bl\u00e1 kniha pro nad\u0161ence do automatizace administr\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nKrom\u011b knih v\u00e1m budou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 manu\u00e1ly v\u00fdrobc\u016f, integrovan\u00e9 n\u00e1pov\u011bdy opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a aplikac\u00ed, n\u00e1vody a p\u0159edpisy \u2014 obvykle v nich snadno najdete v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace. A ano, \u010dasto jsou v angli\u010dtin\u011b a \u010desk\u00e1 lokalizace b\u00fdv\u00e1 dost slab\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, Habr a specializovan\u00e1 f\u00f3ra \u2014 skv\u011bl\u00e1 opora pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsem se musel nau\u010dit v\u011bdu o Windows Server 2012, Habr mi byl silnou oporou \u2014 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jsme se poznali je\u0161t\u011b bl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<h2>Budoucnost sysadmina<\/h2>\n<p>\nSly\u0161el jsem o degradaci profese syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora a argumenty pro tento n\u00e1zor jsou v\u00edce ne\u017e slab\u00e9: roboti si s t\u00edm porad\u00ed, cloudy zaru\u010duj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci bez sysadmina atd. Ot\u00e1zka, kdo spravuje cloudy, nap\u0159\u00edklad na stran\u011b poskytovatele, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti profese syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora se nedegeneruje, ale transformuje sm\u011brem ke slo\u017eitosti a univerz\u00e1lnosti. Tak\u017ee pokud jste si vybrali pr\u00e1v\u011b ji, m\u00e1te p\u0159ed sebou n\u011bkolik cest.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DevOps nebo DevSecOps \u2014 specializace na pomez\u00ed v\u00fdvoje, administrativy a bezpe\u010dnosti. V sou\u010dasnosti roste z\u00e1jem o DevOps a tento trend bude pokra\u010dovat, rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se sm\u011brem k kontejnerizaci, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm a syst\u00e9m\u016fm, mikroslu\u017ebov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e atd. Studujte to v\u0161echno, dokud to vypad\u00e1 jako nejprioritovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost \u2014 dal\u0161\u00ed sm\u011brem rozvoje. Pokud d\u0159\u00edve byli informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed specialist\u00e9 pouze v telekomunikac\u00edch a bank\u00e1ch, dnes jsou pot\u0159eba prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti. Oblast nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1, vy\u017eaduje znalosti v oblasti v\u00fdvoje, syst\u00e9m\u016f hackov\u00e1n\u00ed a ochrany \u2014 toto je mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jen nainstalovat antivir a nastavit firewall. A mimochodem, pro informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost existuj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 specializace na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, tak\u017ee pokud jste na za\u010d\u00e1tku cesty, m\u016f\u017eete se hned zapsat na obor, a pokud jste \u201estar\u00fd matador\u201c, m\u016f\u017eete zv\u00e1\u017eit magistersk\u00e9 studium pro prohlouben\u00ed znalost\u00ed a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed diplomu.<\/li>\n<li>CTO, CIO \u2013 mana\u017eersk\u00e9 pozice v oblasti IT nebo IT odd\u011blen\u00edch firem. Skv\u011bl\u00e1 cesta pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed krom\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a l\u00e1sky k technologi\u00edm maj\u00ed i mana\u017eersk\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti. Budete \u0159\u00eddit celou IT infrastrukturu, prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 implementace, budovat architektury pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b velmi dob\u0159e plat\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak ukazuje praxe, CTO\/CIO ve velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je tak\u00e9 schopnost jednat, vysv\u011btlovat, zd\u016fvod\u0148ovat a prosazovat rozpo\u010dty, to je ohromn\u00fd nervov\u00fd tlak a odpov\u011bdnost.<\/li>\n<li>Otev\u0159\u00edt si vlastn\u00ed podnik. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se v\u011bnovat syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu administraci a podpory firem jako outsourcer. Pot\u00e9 si budete moci pl\u00e1novat sv\u016fj \u010das, pl\u00e1novat ziskovost a vyt\u00ed\u017eenost, poskytovat ty slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m jdou obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 skv\u011ble. Ale to je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 cesta jak z pohledu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed klientsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny, tak z pohledu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, financ\u00ed a pr\u00e1va.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ej\u00edt i do telekomunikac\u00ed, v\u00fdvoje, do pozic prodeje technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch produkt\u016f (mimochodem, drah\u00e1 varianta!), nebo do marketingu \u2013 v\u0161e z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na va\u0161ich osobn\u00edch sklonech a porozum\u011bn\u00ed specializaci. Nebo m\u016f\u017eete z\u016fstat skv\u011bl\u00fdm administr\u00e1torem a p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat v\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 platu a dovednost\u00ed. Ale k tomu mus\u00ed splynout va\u0161e touha a va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti a pochopen\u00ed veden\u00edm va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v\u00fdznamu IT infrastruktury (co\u017e je dnes skute\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 vz\u00e1cnost).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00fdty profese<\/h2>\n<p>\nJak\u00e1koliv profese, syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administrace je obklopena m\u00fdty. S pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm vyvr\u00e1t\u00edm ty nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Administr\u00e1to\u0159i syst\u00e9m\u016f jsou d\u011blnick\u00e9 profese. Ne, to je intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed, slo\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s multitaskingem a z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eemi, proto\u017ee v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b IT infrastruktura znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho pro ka\u017edou firmu.<\/li>\n<li>Administr\u00e1to\u0159i syst\u00e9m\u016f jsou zl\u00ed. Ne, obvykl\u00ed jsou \u2013 podle povahy dr\u017eitele profese. Ale skute\u010dn\u011b je roz\u010diluj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017eou popsat probl\u00e9m nebo, co\u017e je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, pova\u017euj\u00ed se skoro za hackery a p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e po\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o pomoc, je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zhor\u0161uj\u00ed probl\u00e9m.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0b2645440f2e449cd821dfa7181c0476.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ne zl\u00ed, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed!<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9m\u016f nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud nechcete cel\u00fd \u017eivot \"opravovat spor\u00e1ky\" a zab\u00fdvat se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi v\u011bcmi, jako je instalace antiviru a dal\u0161\u00edch program\u016f, mus\u00edte se st\u00e1le u\u010dit, a to jak samostatn\u011b, tak na profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch certifikovan\u00fdch kurzech. Vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee urychlit proces sebevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch technick\u00fdch informac\u00ed.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9m\u016f jsou leno\u0161i. Oh, to je m\u016fj nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdtus! Dobr\u00fd spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu pracuje s programov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji pro spr\u00e1vu IT infrastruktury a udr\u017euje cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v po\u0159\u00e1dku. To vy\u017eaduje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu a \u010dasto i p\u0159es\u010dasy, ale na prvn\u00ed pohled to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu jen sed\u00ed u po\u010d\u00edta\u010de jako my v\u0161ichni. Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka to vypad\u00e1 jako chaos: spr\u00e1vce by p\u0159ece m\u011bl b\u00fdt obklopen kabely a nosit krimpovac\u00ed a striptovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje. Hloupost, zkr\u00e1tka. P\u0159esto nikdo nen\u00ed bez chyb \u2014 l\u00edn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu pozn\u00e1te okam\u017eit\u011b na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei.<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9m\u016f jsou neupraven\u00ed, chod\u00ed ve vytahan\u00fdch svetrech a maj\u00ed vousy. Vzhled spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu nen\u00ed diktov\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi standardy a z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na jeho osobn\u00edch preferenc\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAle v ka\u017ed\u00e9m vtipu je kapka pravdy a celkov\u011b jsou spr\u00e1vci syst\u00e9m\u016f zaj\u00edmav\u00ed a kolorist\u00ed chlapi se specifick\u00fdm stylem komunikace. S nimi se v\u017edy d\u00e1 naj\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d.<\/p>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00ed rada<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky se nekonaj\u00ed a nestanete se super spr\u00e1vcem syst\u00e9mu, pokud budete sed\u011bt v mal\u00e9 firm\u011b a vykon\u00e1vat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Nevyhnuteln\u011b se vy\u010derp\u00e1te, zklamete v profesi a budete tvrdit, \u017ee je to ta nejhor\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na sv\u011bt\u011b. Proto se vyv\u00edjejte, m\u011b\u0148te pr\u00e1ci, vyh\u00fdbejte se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm a slo\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm \u2014 a sami si ani nev\u0161imnete, jak se stanete skute\u010dn\u00fdm vyhled\u00e1van\u00fdm a dob\u0159e placen\u00fdm profesion\u00e1lem.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>P.S.:<\/b> V koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch jako v\u017edy o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me rady od zku\u0161en\u00fdch spr\u00e1vc\u016f syst\u00e9m\u016f a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o tom, co v\u00e1m pomohlo v kari\u00e9\u0159e, jak jste se k t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci dostali, co na n\u00ed m\u00e1te r\u00e1di a co ne. Jak je na tom syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administrativy v roce 2020?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Profese: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/98f515cd3ee1bc84d2d960e9d3c316b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0435\u00bb. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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