{"id":40729,"date":"2020-02-03T14:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kratkoe-sravnenie-arhitektury-sds-ili-poisk-podhodyashhej-platformy-hraneniya-glustervscephvsvirtuozzostorage"},"modified":"2020-02-03T14:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:16","slug":"kratkoe-sravnenie-arhitektury-sds-ili-poisk-podhodyashhej-platformy-hraneniya-glustervscephvsvirtuozzostorage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/kratkoe-sravnenie-arhitektury-sds-ili-poisk-podhodyashhej-platformy-hraneniya-glustervscephvsvirtuozzostorage","title":{"rendered":"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je naps\u00e1n, aby pomohl vybrat si vhodn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a porozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi SDS jako Gluster, Ceph a Vstorage (Virtuozzo).<\/p>\n<p>Text obsahuje odkazy na \u010dl\u00e1nky s podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozsahem ur\u010dit\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, proto budou popisy co nejstru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, s vyu\u017eit\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete sami naj\u00edt na internetu. <\/p>\n<p>Opravdu jsou dot\u010den\u00e1 t\u00e9mata n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na t\u00f3n textu, ale v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed nem\u00e1 r\u00e1do dlouh\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed))), proto si je mo\u017en\u00e9 rychle p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst a ud\u011blat v\u00fdb\u011br, a pokud n\u011bco nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, proj\u00edt odkazy nebo vyhledat nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 slova))), a tento \u010dl\u00e1nek funguje jako pr\u016fhledn\u00fd obal pro tato hlubok\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148 \u2013 hlavn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Gluster<\/h3>\n<p>\nZa\u010dn\u011bme s Gluster, kter\u00fd je aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v\u00fdrobcem hyperkonvergovan\u00fdch platforem se SDS zalo\u017een\u00fdm na open source pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lze ho nal\u00e9zt na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch RedHat v sekci storage, kde si m\u016f\u017eete vybrat ze dvou variant SDS: Gluster nebo Ceph.<\/p>\n<p>Gluster se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159eklada\u010d\u016f \u2013 slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1 vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s distribuc\u00ed soubor\u016f atd. Brick \u2013 slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1 obsluhuje jeden disk, Volume \u2013 svazek (pool) \u2013 kter\u00fd spojuje tyto brick\u2019y. N\u00e1sleduje slu\u017eba distribuce soubor\u016f do skupin pomoc\u00ed funkce DHT (distributed hash table). Slu\u017ebu Sharding nebudeme zahrnovat do popisu, proto\u017ee v n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch odkazech bude pops\u00e1no n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f s n\u00ed spojen\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0c54588b5b09c9069ffbd0c5161c5e34.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u0159i z\u00e1pisu se cel\u00fd soubor ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do brick a jeho kopie se paraleln\u011b zapisuje na brick na druh\u00e9m serveru. N\u00e1sledn\u011b bude druh\u00fd soubor zapisov\u00e1n do druh\u00e9 skupiny dvou brick\u016f (nebo v\u00edce) na r\u016fzn\u00fdch serverech.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex> <br \/>\nPokud jsou soubory p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9 velikosti a svazek se bude skl\u00e1dat pouze z jedn\u00e9 skupiny, v\u0161e funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b, ale p\u0159i jin\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vzniknou z popis\u016f n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00edsto ve skupin\u00e1ch se nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rovnom\u011brn\u011b, z\u00e1vis\u00ed to na velikostech soubor\u016f, a pokud ve skupin\u011b nen\u00ed dostatek m\u00edsta pro z\u00e1pis souboru \u2013 dostanete chybu, soubor nebude zaps\u00e1n a nebude redistribuov\u00e1n do jin\u00e9 skupiny;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu jednoho souboru IO prob\u00edh\u00e1 pouze na jednu skupinu, ostatn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nevyu\u017eit\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>nelze z\u00edskat IO cel\u00e9ho svazku p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu jednoho souboru;<\/li>\n<li>A celkov\u00e1 koncepce vypad\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u011b kv\u016fli absenci rozd\u011blen\u00ed dat na bloky, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu rovnom\u011brn\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed, nam\u00edsto toho, jak nyn\u00ed cel\u00fd soubor spad\u00e1 do bloku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho popisu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.gluster.org\/en\/latest\/Quick-Start-Guide\/Architecture\/\">architektury<\/a><\/noindex> tak\u00e9 nev\u011bdomky vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 pochopen\u00ed, \u017ee Gluster funguje jako souborov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b nad klasick\u00fdm hardwarov\u00fdm RAID. Byly pokusy o v\u00fdvoj rozd\u011blen\u00ed (Sharding) soubor\u016f na bloky, ale to v\u0161e jsou dopl\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed v\u00fdkon st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho architektonick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, nav\u00edc pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto voln\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch komponent s omezen\u00edm v\u00fdkonnosti jako Fuse. Neexistuj\u00ed slu\u017eby metadat, co\u017e omezuje mo\u017enosti v\u00fdkonu a dostupnosti \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i rozd\u011blen\u00ed soubor\u016f na bloky. Lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkony lze pozorovat p\u0159i konfiguraci \u201cDistributed Replicated\u201d a po\u010det uzl\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 6 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 repliky 3 s optim\u00e1ln\u00edm rozlo\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto z\u00e1v\u011bry jsou tak\u00e9 spojeny s popisem zku\u0161enosti s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/croccloudteam\/blog\/353666\/\">Gluster<\/a><\/noindex> a p\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/croccloudteam\/blog\/430474\/\">Ceph<\/a><\/noindex>, a tak\u00e9 existuje popis zku\u0161enosti vedouc\u00ed k pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konfigurace <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/forum\/general\/13316001\">\u201cReplicated Distributed\u201d.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6868ddf69e18bec0b50ae5aeba74440d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa obr\u00e1zku je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu dvou soubor\u016f, kde kopie prvn\u00edho souboru jsou rozlo\u017eeny na prvn\u00edch t\u0159ech serverech, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny ve skupin\u011b volume 0, a t\u0159i kopie druh\u00e9ho souboru padnou na druhou skupinu volume 1 ze t\u0159\u00ed server\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd server m\u00e1 jeden disk.<\/p>\n<p>Celkov\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br je, \u017ee Gluster lze pou\u017e\u00edt, ale s pochopen\u00edm toho, \u017ee ve v\u00fdkonu a odolnosti budou omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek hyperkonvergentn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kde jsou zdroje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 i pro v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed parametry Gluster, kter\u00fdch lze dos\u00e1hnout za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek s omezen\u00edm v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/moo.nac.uci.edu\/~hjm\/Performance_in_a_Gluster_Systemv6F.pdf\"> odolnosti.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Ceph<\/h3>\n<p>\nNyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme na Ceph z popis\u016f architektury, kter\u00e9 se mi poda\u0159ilo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/313644\/\">naj\u00edt.<\/a><\/noindex> Tak\u00e9 existuje srovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/croccloudteam\/blog\/430474\/\">Glusterfs a Ceph<\/a><\/noindex>, kde lze ihned pochopit, \u017ee Ceph je lep\u0161\u00ed nasazovat na samostatn\u00e9 servery, nebo\u0165 jeho slu\u017eb\u00e1m jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u0161echny zdroje hardwaru p\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00edch. <\/p>\n<p>Architektura <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.ceph.com\/docs\/mimic\/architecture\/\">Ceph<\/a><\/noindex> je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Gluster a existuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 slu\u017eby jako slu\u017eby metadat, ale celkov\u00fd stack komponent\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd a nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 flexibiln\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch virtualizace. Data jsou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na po bloc\u00edch, co\u017e vypad\u00e1 v\u00fdkonn\u011bji, ale v hierarchii v\u0161ech slu\u017eeb (komponent\u016f) se vyskytuj\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty a latence p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00fdch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edch a nouzov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, jako je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/oleg-bunin\/blog\/431536\/\">\u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Z popisu architektury vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee srdcem je CRUSH, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e se vyb\u00edr\u00e1 m\u00edsto pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dat. N\u00e1sleduje PG \u2014 co\u017e je nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed abstrakce (logick\u00e1 skupina) pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed. PG slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu, aby byl CRUSH efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem PG je seskupen\u00ed objekt\u016f pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnosti. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 adresov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f, jednotliv\u011b, bez jejich seskupen\u00ed do PG by bylo velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. OSD \u2013 je slu\u017eba pro ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd disk.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/b7d59066a01db9bbb55bbd87c6e5053a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a86622bc051ab820d42a8aa08a3fc759.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKlaster m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt jeden nebo v\u00edce datov\u00fdch pool\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch ur\u010den\u00ed a s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nastaven\u00edmi. Pooly se d\u011bl\u00ed na placement groupy. V placement group\u00e1ch jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny objekty, ke kter\u00fdm se obracej\u00ed klienti. Na t\u00e9to logick\u00e9 \u00farovni kon\u010d\u00ed a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148, proto\u017ee za ka\u017edou placement groupou je zafixov\u00e1n jeden hlavn\u00ed disk a n\u011bkolik replikov\u00fdch disk\u016f (kolik p\u0159esn\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na faktoru replikace poolu). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, na logick\u00e9 \u00farovni je objekt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed placement group\u011b, a na fyzick\u00e9 \u00farovni \u2014 na disc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou k n\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azeny. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e disky mohou fyzicky b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny na r\u016fzn\u00fdch uzlech nebo dokonce v r\u016fzn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto sch\u00e9matu se skupiny um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jev\u00ed jako nezbytn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 pro flexibilitu cel\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako nadbyte\u010dn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek v tomto \u0159et\u011bzci, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00favahy o ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u00fdkonu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu dat mus\u00ed syst\u00e9m tyto \u00fadaje rozd\u011blovat do t\u011bchto skupin a pot\u00e9 na fyzick\u00e9 \u00farovni na hlavn\u00ed disk a na disky pro repliky. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hash funkce funguje p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed objektu, ale m\u00e1 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek \u2013 to jsou velmi vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a omezen\u00ed na p\u0159estavbu hash (p\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odebr\u00e1n\u00ed disku). Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m hashe \u2013 to je jasn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dat, kter\u00e9 nelze m\u011bnit. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud n\u011bjak\u00fd disk za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161enou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, syst\u00e9m nem\u00e1 mo\u017enost nepsat na n\u011bj (vybrat jin\u00fd disk), hash funkce nut\u00ed um\u00edstit data podle pravidla, bez ohledu na to, jak \u0161patn\u011b se disku da\u0159\u00ed, tak\u017ee Ceph spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho pam\u011bti p\u0159i p\u0159estavb\u011b PG v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b samouzdravov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Z\u00e1v\u011br je, \u017ee Ceph funguje dob\u0159e (i kdy\u017e pomalu), ale jen kdy\u017e neprob\u00edh\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed, havarijn\u00ed situace a aktualizace.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mo\u017enosti zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pomoc\u00ed cachov\u00e1n\u00ed a cache-tieringu, ale p\u0159itom je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt kvalitn\u00ed hardware a stejn\u011b dojde ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m. Obecn\u011b v\u0161ak Ceph vypad\u00e1 l\u00e1kav\u011bji ne\u017e Gluster pro produktivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto produkt\u016f je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd faktor \u2013 to je vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 kompetenc\u00ed, zku\u0161enost\u00ed a profesionality s velk\u00fdm d\u016frazem na Linux, proto\u017ee je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161e spr\u00e1vn\u011b nasadit, nakonfigurovat a podporovat, co\u017e klade je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost a z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na administr\u00e1tora. <\/p>\n<h3>Vstorage<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vypad\u00e1 architektura u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/virtuozzo\/blog\/334724\/\">Virtuozzo storage (Vstorage)<\/a><\/noindex>, kterou lze pou\u017e\u00edt spole\u010dn\u011b s hypervizorem na stejn\u00fdch uzlech, na stejn\u00e9m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/samag.ru\/archive\/article\/3794\">hardware<\/a><\/noindex>, ale je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161e spr\u00e1vn\u011b nakonfigurovat, aby se dos\u00e1hlo dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nasazen\u00ed takov\u00e9ho produktu z krabice na jakoukoli konfiguraci bez ohledu na doporu\u010den\u00ed podle architektury bude velmi jednoduch\u00e9, ale ne v\u00fdkonn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Co m\u016f\u017ee koexistovat pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vedle slu\u017eeb hypervizoru kvm-qemu, to je jen n\u011bkolik slu\u017eeb, kde byla nalezena kompaktn\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchie komponent: slu\u017eba klienta p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 p\u0159es FUSE (modifikovan\u00e1, ne open source), slu\u017eba metadat MDS (Metadata service), slu\u017eba blok\u016f dat Chunk service, kter\u00e1 na fyzick\u00e9 \u00farovni odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jednomu disku, a t\u00edm to kon\u010d\u00ed. Z pohledu rychlosti je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat redundantn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma ve dvou replik\u00e1ch, ale pokud zapoj\u00edme ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do mezipam\u011bti a logy na disky SSD, tak chybnou odolnost k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed (erase coding nebo raid6) lze slu\u0161n\u011b zrychlit na hybridn\u00edm sch\u00e9matu nebo dokonce je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe na all flash. S EC (erase coding) je ur\u010dit\u00fd nedostatek: p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b jednoho bloku dat je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat paritn\u00ed sou\u010dty. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m u t\u00e9to operace, Ceph zapisuje do EC odlo\u017een\u011b a probl\u00e9my s v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed mohou nastat p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch, kdy je pot\u0159eba p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u0161echny bloky, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Virtuozzo Storage se z\u00e1pis zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu \u201elog-structured file system\u201c, co\u017e minimalizuje n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdpo\u010dty parity. Abychom p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b odhadli mo\u017enosti zrychlen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s EC a bez, existuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtuozzo.com\/products\/virtuozzo-storage\/storage-calculator\">kalkula\u010dka.<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 \u010d\u00edsla lze z\u00edskat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 v z\u00e1vislosti na koeficientu p\u0159esnosti v\u00fdrobce hardwaru, ale v\u00fdsledek v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f dob\u0159e napom\u00e1h\u00e1 napl\u00e1novat konfiguraci.<\/p>\n<p>Jednoduch\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma komponent\u016f ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee tyto komponenty nezab\u00edraj\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.virtuozzo.com\/virtuozzo_7_installation_guide\/preparing-for-installation\/planning-storage-cli.html#hardware-requirements\">zdroje hardwaru,<\/a><\/noindex> ale pokud se v\u0161echny n\u00e1klady spo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed p\u0159edem, lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat spolupr\u00e1ci vedle hypervizoru. <br \/>\nExistuje sch\u00e9ma porovn\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f hardwaru slu\u017ebami Ceph a Virtuozzo storage.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/27de0ab0cc61c2fab6d741bc3105b6cc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPokud bylo d\u0159\u00edve mo\u017en\u00e9 porovnat Gluster a Ceph podle star\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dky z nich, s Virtuozzo je to slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nk\u016f o tomto produktu nen\u00ed tolik a informace lze \u010derpat pouze z dokumentace na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.virtuozzo.com\/master\/index.html\">anglick\u00e9m<\/a><\/noindex> nebo v ru\u0161tin\u011b, pokud zva\u017eujeme Vstorage jako \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch hyperkonvergovan\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch v takov\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech jako <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/rosplatforma.ru\/#downloads\">Rospplatforma<\/a><\/noindex> a Acronis.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud jde o popis t\u00e9to architektury, pokus\u00edm se pomoci; proto bude text o n\u011bco del\u0161\u00ed. Abych se vyznal v dokumentaci, je t\u0159eba hodn\u011b \u010dasu, a dostupnou dokumentaci lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pouze jako p\u0159\u00edru\u010dku pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ehledu obsahu nebo vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho slova. <\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na proces z\u00e1pisu v hybridn\u00ed konfiguraci hardwaru s v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdmi komponentami: z\u00e1pis za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na tom uzlu, ze kter\u00e9ho jej inicioval klient (slu\u017eba mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edho bodu FUSE), ale komponenta master metadata service (MDS) samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nasm\u011bruje klienta p\u0159\u00edmo k pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 chunk service (slu\u017eb\u011b blokov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b CS), tedy MDS se na procesu z\u00e1pisu nepod\u00edl\u00ed, pouze nasm\u011bruje na pot\u0159ebnou chunk service. M\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt analogii z\u00e1pisu s rozl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm vody do sud\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sud p\u0159edstavuje blok dat o velikosti 256 MB.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stru\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed architektur SDS nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 platformy pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat (GlusterVsCephVsVirtuozzoStorage)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/8f10333f1573226fbb50a40377eafc93.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJeden disk tedy p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed takov\u00fdch sud\u016f, tedy objem disku d\u011blen\u00fd 256 MB. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 kopie se rozl\u00e9v\u00e1 na jeden uzel, druh\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 paraleln\u011b na jin\u00fd uzel atd. Pokud m\u00e1me t\u0159i repliky a SSD disky pro cache (na \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisy), potvrzen\u00ed z\u00e1pisu prob\u011bhne po zaps\u00e1n\u00ed do den\u00edku na SSD, zat\u00edmco paraleln\u00ed zp\u016fsob z\u00e1pisu z SSD bude pokra\u010dovat na HDD, jakoby na pozad\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u0159\u00ed replik bude z\u00e1pis potvrzen po potvrzen\u00ed od SSD t\u0159et\u00edho uzlu. M\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee sou\u010det rychlosti z\u00e1pisu t\u0159\u00ed SSD je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit na t\u0159i a dostaneme rychlost z\u00e1pisu jedn\u00e9 repliky, ale z\u00e1pis kopi\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 paraleln\u011b a latence s\u00edt\u011b je obvykle vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u SSD, a vlastn\u011b v\u00fdkon z\u00e1pisu bude z\u00e1viset na s\u00edti. Proto, abychom vid\u011bli skute\u010dn\u00e9 IOPS, je t\u0159eba spr\u00e1vn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eit cel\u00fd Vstorage podle <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.virtuozzo.com\/pdf\/virtuozzo_infrastructure_platform_3_benchmarking_guide.pdf\">metodiky<\/a><\/noindex>, tzn. testovat skute\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a ne pam\u011b\u0165 a cache, kde je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu spr\u00e1vnou velikost bloku dat, po\u010det vl\u00e1ken atd. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd z\u00e1pisov\u00fd protokol na SSD funguje tak, \u017ee jakmile se do n\u011bj dostanou data, ihned se p\u0159e\u010dtou slu\u017ebou a zap\u00ed\u0161\u00ed na HDD. V klastru je n\u011bkolik slu\u017eeb metadat (MDS) a jejich po\u010det je ur\u010den kvorem, kter\u00e9 funguje na z\u00e1klad\u011b algoritmu Paxos. Z pohledu klienta je bod p\u0159ipojen\u00ed FUSE slo\u017eka klastrov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010dasn\u011b viditeln\u00e1 pro v\u0161echny uzly klastru, ka\u017ed\u00fd uzel m\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho klienta t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, a proto je toto \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu uzlu.<\/p>\n<p>Pro v\u00fdkon jak\u00e9hokoli z v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastavit s\u00ed\u0165, kde bude vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed d\u00edky agregaci a spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolen\u00e1 propustnost s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu. P\u0159i agregaci je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolit re\u017eim hashov\u00e1n\u00ed a velikosti r\u00e1mc\u016f. Existuje tak\u00e9 velmi siln\u00fd rozd\u00edl oproti v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm SDS, co\u017e je fuse s technologi\u00ed fast path ve Virtuozzo Storage. Kter\u00fd, na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch open source \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje IOPS a neomezuje se na horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdmi architekturami vypad\u00e1 tato jako mnohem v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale za tuto slu\u017ebu je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nutn\u00e9 zakoupit licence, na rozd\u00edl od Ceph a Gluster. <\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1v\u011br lze zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v v\u00fdkonu a spolehlivosti architektury se um\u00edstil Virtuozzo Storage, druh\u00fd Ceph a t\u0159et\u00ed Gluster. <\/p>\n<p>Krit\u00e9ria, podle kter\u00fdch byl vybr\u00e1n Virtuozzo Storage: optim\u00e1ln\u00ed soubor komponent architektury, modernizovan\u00fd FUSE s fast path, flexibiln\u00ed konfigurace hardwaru, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eba zdroj\u016f a mo\u017enost spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdpo\u010dty (virtualizac\u00ed), co\u017e pln\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hyperkonvergentn\u00edmu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je. Druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Ceph, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdkon\u011bj\u0161\u00ed architekturu ne\u017e Gluster, d\u00edky manipulaci s bloky, stejn\u011b jako flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a mo\u017enosti fungovat ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch klastrech.<\/p>\n<p>V pl\u00e1ne je napsat srovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi vSAN, Space Direct Storage, Vstorage a Nutanix Storage, testov\u00e1n\u00ed Vstorage na hardwaru HPE, Huawei, a tak\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e integrace Vstorage s extern\u00edmi hardwarov\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti, proto pokud se v\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nek l\u00edbil, bylo by dobr\u00e9 z\u00edskat od v\u00e1s zp\u011btnou vazbu, kter\u00e1 by mohla pos\u00edlit motivaci k nov\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm s ohledem na va\u0161e p\u0159ipom\u00ednky a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/486392\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 SDS \u043a\u0430\u043a Gluster, Ceph \u0438 Vstorage (Virtuozzo). \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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