{"id":41614,"date":"2020-02-13T20:48:26","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T17:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ohotimsya-na-tehniki-i-taktiki-atakuyushhih-s-ispolzovaniem-prefetch-fajlov"},"modified":"2020-02-13T20:48:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-13T17:48:26","slug":"ohotimsya-na-tehniki-i-taktiki-atakuyushhih-s-ispolzovaniem-prefetch-fajlov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/ohotimsya-na-tehniki-i-taktiki-atakuyushhih-s-ispolzovaniem-prefetch-fajlov","title":{"rendered":"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/96e4b61d527ce7cb904f663b763ac9aa.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSoubory stopy, nebo Prefetch soubory, se objevily ve Windows ji\u017e od dob XP. Od t\u00e9 doby pom\u00e1haj\u00ed specialist\u016fm na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed forenzn\u00ed a reakci na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 incidenty nach\u00e1zet stopy spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch. Vedouc\u00ed forenzn\u00ed specialista skupiny Group-IB <b>Oleg Skulkin<\/b> vysv\u011btluje, co lze naj\u00edt pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f a jak to ud\u011blat.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Prefetch soubory jsou ulo\u017eeny v adres\u00e1\u0159i <b>%SystemRoot%Prefetch<\/b> a slou\u017e\u00ed k urychlen\u00ed procesu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na kter\u00fdkoli z t\u011bchto soubor\u016f, uvid\u00edme, \u017ee jeho n\u00e1zev se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed: n\u00e1zvu spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru a kontroln\u00edho sou\u010dtu cesty k n\u011bmu, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z osmi znak\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Prefetch soubory obsahuj\u00ed spoustu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed z forenzn\u00edho hlediska: n\u00e1zev spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru, po\u010det jeho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, seznamy soubor\u016f a adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi spustiteln\u00fd soubor interagoval, a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u010dasov\u00e9 raz\u00edtka. Obvykle forenzn\u00ed experti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed datum vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dan\u00e9ho Prefetch souboru k ur\u010den\u00ed data prvn\u00edho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed programu. Nav\u00edc, tyto soubory uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed datum posledn\u00edho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, a od verze 26 (Windows 8.1) tak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e1 raz\u00edtka pro sedm posledn\u00edch spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme vz\u00edt jeden z Prefetch soubor\u016f, extrahovat z n\u011bj data s pomoc\u00ed PECmd od Erika Zimmermana a pod\u00edvat se na ka\u017edou jeho \u010d\u00e1st. Pro demonstraci extrahuji data ze souboru <b>CCLEANER64.EXE-DE05DBE1.pf<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Tak za\u010dn\u011bme naho\u0159e. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1me \u010dasov\u00e1 raz\u00edtka pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed, modifikaci a p\u0159\u00edstup k souboru:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/5308f36909b8e0c2fb2280f8e4505334.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nN\u00e1sleduje n\u00e1zev spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru, kontroln\u00ed sou\u010det cesty k n\u011bmu, velikost spustiteln\u00e9ho souboru a tak\u00e9 verze Prefetch souboru:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/b08151447a967d5770205b1870669e44.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nJeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o Windows 10, d\u00e1le uvid\u00edme po\u010det spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, datum a \u010das posledn\u00edho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch sedm \u010dasov\u00fdch raz\u00edtek, kter\u00e1 indikuj\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed data spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ba2eee3c6514fe595553452a20294893.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNa to navazuje informace o svazku, v\u010detn\u011b jeho s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla a data vytvo\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/190dcad09d2839e22a679fb3aa8cfe3c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA nakonec, ale ne m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u2014 seznam adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi spustiteln\u00fd soubor interagoval: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/9a238c90b4ab21d2a536f980d897d81d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTak\u017ee katalogy a soubory, se kter\u00fdmi vykon\u00e1vac\u00ed soubor interagoval, jsou p\u0159esn\u011b to, na co se chci dnes zam\u011b\u0159it. Tyto \u00fadaje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed specialist\u016fm na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed forenziku, reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 incidenty nebo proaktivn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hrozeb ur\u010dit nejen to, zda byl n\u011bjak\u00fd soubor vykon\u00e1n, ale tak\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech rekonstrukci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch taktik a technik \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Dnes \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci dost \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro nevratn\u00e9 maz\u00e1n\u00ed dat, nap\u0159\u00edklad SDelete, proto je schopnost obnovit alespo\u0148 stopy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch taktik a technik pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho modern\u00edho obr\u00e1nce \u2014 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho forenzika, specialistu na reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na incidenty, experta na Threat Hunter \u2014 naprosto nezbytn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme taktikou Initial Access (TA0001) a nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technikou \u2014 Spearphishing Attachment (T1193). N\u011bkter\u00e9 kyberkrimin\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny p\u0159istupuj\u00ed k v\u00fdb\u011bru takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edloh pom\u011brn\u011b kreativn\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad skupina Silence pou\u017e\u00edvala k tomu soubory ve form\u00e1tu CHM (Microsoft Compiled HTML Help). T\u00edm se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k dal\u0161\u00ed technice \u2014 Compiled HTML File (T1223). Tyto soubory se spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed <b>hh.exe<\/b>, tud\u00ed\u017e pokud extrahujeme \u00fadaje z jeho Prefetch souboru, zjist\u00edme, kter\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed soubor byl ob\u011bt\u00ed otev\u0159en:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/d7b807fd1b90847996455306cea2cb8f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPokra\u010dujme s p\u0159\u00edklady z re\u00e1ln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a p\u0159esu\u0148me se k dal\u0161\u00ed taktice Execution (TA0002) a technice CSMTP (T1191). Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky pou\u017eit k spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch skript\u016f. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je skupina Cobalt. Pokud extrahujeme \u00fadaje z Prefetch souboru <b>cmstp.exe<\/b>, op\u011bt zjist\u00edme, co p\u0159esn\u011b bylo spu\u0161t\u011bno:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/328c193e00af4c31566b19826f75c0a2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDal\u0161\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed technikou je Regsvr32 (T1117). <b>Regsvr32.exe<\/b> tak\u00e9 \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad od skupiny Cobalt: pokud extrahujeme \u00fadaje z Prefetch souboru <b>regsvr32.exe<\/b>, op\u011bt uvid\u00edme, co bylo spu\u0161t\u011bno:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/7626266c1215902d03ded817d7342a30.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nN\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi taktikami jsou Persistence (TA0003) a Privilege Escalation (TA0004), stejn\u011b jako Application Shimming (T1138) jako technika. Tato technika byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na Carbanak\/FIN7 pro upevn\u011bn\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu. Obvykle se pracuje se z\u00e1kladnami dat s informacemi o kompatibility program\u016f (.sdb) <b>sdbinst.exe<\/b>. Tud\u00ed\u017e Prefetch soubor tohoto vykon\u00e1vac\u00edho souboru m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zjistit n\u00e1zvy t\u011bchto datab\u00e1z\u00ed a jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/22d1599bbe9fe1d2f48ced0548b07e68.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nJak je vid\u011bt na ilustraci, m\u00e1me nejen n\u00e1zev souboru pou\u017eit\u00fd pro instalaci, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zev nainstalovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na jeden z nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho propagov\u00e1n\u00ed (TA0008) \u2014 PsExec, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 administrativn\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00e9 prost\u0159edky (T1077). Slu\u017eba s n\u00e1zvem PSEXECSVC (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito i jin\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, pokud \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci pou\u017eili parametr <b>-r<\/b>) bude vytvo\u0159ena na c\u00edlov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, proto pokud extrahujeme data z Prefetch souboru, uvid\u00edme, co bylo spu\u0161t\u011bno:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a416b17ae7e9d2c155e0d47062ebdda8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nBudeme kon\u010dit na tom, na \u010dem jsem za\u010dal \u2014 odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f (T1107). Jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, mnoz\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed SDelete k trval\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu \u00fatoku. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na data z Prefetch souboru <b>sdelete.exe<\/b>, uvid\u00edme, co bylo pr\u00e1v\u011b odstran\u011bno:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lov\u00edme techniky a taktiky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f pomoc\u00ed Prefetch soubor\u016f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/8a1ab986ed0274fea2d9a95d1f8fd186.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee to nen\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed seznam technik, kter\u00e9 lze odhalit p\u0159i anal\u00fdze Prefetch soubor\u016f, ale to by m\u011blo b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00e9 k tomu, aby bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00e9 soubory mohou pomoci nejen naj\u00edt stopy spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 rekonstruovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed taktiky a techniky \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/group-ib\/blog\/487516\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 Prefetch-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 Windows \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d XP. \u0421 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 Group-IB \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e Prefetch-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. 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