{"id":41840,"date":"2020-02-17T05:33:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T02:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/google-opublikoval-novyj-variant-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-tcmalloc"},"modified":"2020-02-17T05:33:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-17T02:33:00","slug":"google-opublikoval-novyj-variant-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-tcmalloc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/google-opublikoval-novyj-variant-sistemy-raspredeleniya-pamyati-tcmalloc","title":{"rendered":"Google zve\u0159ejnil novou variantu syst\u00e9mu distribuce pam\u011bti TCMalloc","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spole\u010dnost Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/abseil.io\/blog\/20200212-tcmalloc\">p\u0159edstavila<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e1 verze syst\u00e9mu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/google.github.io\/tcmalloc\/\">TCMalloc<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha intern\u00edch projektech Google. K\u00f3d TCMalloc je naps\u00e1n v C++ a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/google\/tcmalloc\">distribuov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> pod licenc\u00ed Apache. Pro provoz je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt kompil\u00e1tor s podporou C++17 pro jazyk C++ a C11 pro jazyk C (gcc 9.2+ nebo clang 9.0+). Z opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/google\/tcmalloc\/blob\/master\/docs\/platforms.md\">podporov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> pouze Linux (x86, PPC).<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee od roku 2005 existuje je\u0161t\u011b jedna varianta tcmalloc, kter\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gperftools\/gperftools\/blob\/master\/src\/tcmalloc.cc\">dod\u00e1v\u00e1n<\/a><\/noindex> je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gperftools\/gperftools\/\">gperftools<\/a><\/noindex> (Google Performance Tools). Tyto dva <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gperftools\/gperftools\/issues\/1169#issuecomment-585321782\">odli\u0161n\u00fdch<\/a><\/noindex> projekty maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. Nov\u00fd TCMalloc je sp\u00ed\u0161e pokusem otev\u0159\u00edt k\u00f3d aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch intern\u00edch prac\u00ed Googlu, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed stabiln\u00edho ABI a podporu \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. \u00dadr\u017eba star\u00e9ho tcmalloc z gperftools bude pokra\u010dovat, ale nov\u00e9 funkce, jako je p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed cache k CPU, do n\u011bj p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et nepl\u00e1nujeme.<\/p>\n<p>TCMalloc zahrnuje implementaci C funkce malloc() a C++ oper\u00e1toru &#171;new&#187;, optimalizovan\u00fdch pro vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon a pou\u017eit\u00ed v v\u00edcistreamov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. TCMalloc tak\u00e9 poskytuje mo\u017enosti introspekce a profilov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed aplikaci z\u00edskat podrobn\u00e9 informace o vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti v hald\u011b. V k\u00f3du jsou pou\u017eity optimalizace zalo\u017een\u00e9 na modern\u00edch mo\u017enostech jazyka C++, jako jsou<br \/>\noper\u00e1tor delete s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/isocpp.org\/files\/papers\/n3778.html\">ur\u010den\u00edm velikosti<\/a><\/noindex> z C++14 a p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.open-std.org\/jtc1\/sc22\/wg21\/docs\/papers\/2016\/p0035r1.html\">vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm<\/a><\/noindex> z C++17.<\/p>\n<p>TCMalloc <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/google.github.io\/tcmalloc\/design\">se skl\u00e1d\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed komponent: frontend s cache pro rychl\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti, mezivrstvy pro napln\u011bn\u00ed front-endov\u00e9 cache a backendu, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed operace jako z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti od opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 pam\u011bti a vracen\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 pam\u011bti zp\u011bt do OS. Cache je zbavena z\u00e1mk\u016f a pracuje v vazb\u011b na jader CPU, ale p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na model cachov\u00e1n\u00ed v vazb\u011b na vl\u00e1kna, pokud je v j\u00e1d\u0159e OS nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 funkcionalita (p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed cache k CPU funguje pouze v nov\u00fdch j\u00e1drech Linuxu). Backend podporuje pr\u00e1ci jak s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami pam\u011bti, tak s str\u00e1nkami zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 velikosti (hugepage).<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/google.github.io\/tcmalloc\/images\/tcmalloc_internals.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google zve\u0159ejnil novou variantu syst\u00e9mu distribuce pam\u011bti TCMalloc\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a1938ff7433f5801e20371f31f7678be.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed vlastnosti TCMalloc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Rychl\u00e1 alokace a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011bti pomoc\u00ed cachingu. V\u011bt\u0161ina operac\u00ed alokace pam\u011bti nevy\u017eaduje zamyk\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje dobrou \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost pro v\u00edcetr\u017en\u00ed aplikace s vysok\u00fdm paralelismem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh.\n<li class=\"l\"> Flexibiln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti pro objekty r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti nebo vracen\u00ed pam\u011bti opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00edzk\u00e9 re\u017eijn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na ka\u017ed\u00fd objekt d\u00edky alokaci str\u00e1nek objekt\u016f stejn\u00e9 velikosti a efektivn\u00edmu ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00fdch objekt\u016f. Podporov\u00e1ny jsou logick\u00e9 str\u00e1nky o velikosti 4KiB, 8KiB, 32KiB a 256KiB. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u017e\u00e1dosti o bloky o velikosti 512 byt\u016f pam\u011bti bude alokov\u00e1na cel\u00e1 str\u00e1nka 4KiB pro 512-\u00fabytek objekty, do n\u00ed\u017e se vejde 8 takov\u00fdch objekt\u016f.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017en\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm definice velikosti cache a parametr\u016f intenzity vracen\u00ed pam\u011bti do OS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch informac\u00ed pro anal\u00fdzu vyu\u017eit\u00ed pam\u011bti aplikac\u00ed.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52364\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 TCMalloc, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 Google. \u041a\u043e\u0434 TCMalloc \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0421++ \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 Apache. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 C++17 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 C++, \u0438 C11 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0438 (gcc 9.2+ \u0438\u043b\u0438 clang 9.0+). \u0418\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Linux (x86, PPC). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":41841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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