{"id":42162,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:58","slug":"yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/yadro-linux-5-1-chto-izvestno-ob-izmeneniyah","title":{"rendered":"J\u00e1dro Linuxu 5.1 \u2014 co je zn\u00e1mo o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Jubilejn\u00ed verze j\u00e1dra Linux 5.0 byla uvoln\u011bna za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna. Pr\u00e1ce na kernelu 5.1 ale ji\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1. V tomto materi\u00e1lu se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na n\u011bkolik novinek, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat v t\u00e9to verzi.<\/p>\n

\"J\u00e1dro<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ Flickr \/ ayu oshimi<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Podpora a.out byla ukon\u010dena<\/h2>\n

\nLinux podporuje bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soubory ELF<\/a><\/noindex> u\u017e od prvn\u00ed verze j\u00e1dra. Po 25 letech, a.out<\/a><\/noindex> pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed za\u0159adit mezi zastaral\u00e9 technologie (deprecated). V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee je to nezbytn\u00fd krok, proto\u017ee za dlouhou dobu k\u00f3d za\u010dal \"hnit\"<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Linus Torvalds zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zd\u016fraznil<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z existuj\u00edc\u00edch kompil\u00e1tor\u016f nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bin\u00e1rky ve form\u00e1tu a.out, a proto u\u017e ztratil smysl.<\/p>\n

Odstoupen\u00ed od a.out prob\u011bhne ve dvou f\u00e1z\u00edch. V Linuxu 5.1 bude odstran\u011bn k\u00f3d pro dump pam\u011bti (core dumping<\/a><\/noindex> code) \u2014 to je asi 500 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>. Podle Linuse je vysoce nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo pot\u0159eboval rozkoukat se star\u00fdm k\u00f3dem, a u\u017eivatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le generuj\u00ed spustiteln\u00e9 soubory a.out, budou m\u00edt \u010das p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed procesy.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00edch bude podpora zcela ukon\u010dena, ale pouze pokud se v komunit\u011b nenajde n\u011bkdo, kdo by p\u0159evzal \u00fadr\u017ebu form\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zm\u011bny do patch\u016f proti Spectre<\/h2>\n

\nN\u011bkolik zm\u011bn bude zahrnuto do patchu Retpoline pro ochranu proti \u00fatoku Spectre v2. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sekvenci instrukc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zablokuje mechanismus spekulativn\u00edho vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v procesoru. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it<\/a><\/noindex> zv\u00fd\u0161it pr\u00e1h pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed od v\u011btv\u00edc\u00edch oper\u00e1tor\u016f z p\u011bti na dvacet. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech to umo\u017en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it<\/a><\/noindex> zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu o 20%.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 j\u00e1dro 5.1 z\u00edsk\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> novou vlajku PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC, kter\u00e1 deaktivuje ochranu proti zranitelnosti Spectre v4 ve v\u0161ech potomc\u00edch spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch na serveru. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to funkce\u00a0memory disambiguation<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila vykon\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edkazy mimo po\u0159ad\u00ed. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f vlajka automatizuje kontrolu vypnut\u00ed patchu a umo\u017en\u00ed zrychlit servery s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem sou\u010dasn\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch proces\u016f. V\u00edce o tom jsme psali v jednom z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 funkce optimalizuj\u00edc\u00ed provoz server\u016f Linux mohou ovlivnit popularitu tohoto opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v cloudov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. My v 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex> Shrom\u00e1\u017edili jsme statistiky \u2014 nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem v cloudu mezi na\u0161imi klienty z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Windows (79 %). Pod\u00edl Linuxu \u010din\u00ed 20 %. V budoucnu o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee druh\u00fd syst\u00e9m z\u00edsk\u00e1 na trhu n\u011bjak\u00e9 pozice. Tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00edme graf rozd\u011blen\u00ed pod\u00edl\u016f mezi distribucemi Linuxu (Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed distribuc\u00ed mezi na\u0161imi klienty z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Ubuntu \u2014 45 %, n\u00e1sleduje CentOS s 28 % a Debian s 26%.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"J\u00e1dro\"J\u00e1dro
\n<\/p>\n

P\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed audio ovlada\u010de (hodn\u011b)<\/h2>\n

\nV jednom z thread\u016f na Hacker News rezidenti zd\u016fraznili<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee Linux m\u011bl v\u017edy probl\u00e9my s podporou hardwaru. Ale ve verzi 5.1 bude p\u0159id\u00e1no mno\u017estv\u00ed ovlada\u010d\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> pro audiotechniku.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad se objev\u00ed ovlada\u010d pro zvukovou kartu Fireface UCX<\/a><\/noindex>, zam\u011b\u0159enou na pr\u00e1ci ve nahr\u00e1vac\u00edch studi\u00edch a koncertn\u00edch s\u00e1lech. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159idaj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> ovlada\u010d MediaTek BTCVSD pro Bluetooth \u010dip, kter\u00fd byl navr\u017een v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i z MediaTek.<\/p>\n

M\u011bla by b\u00fdt o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1na podpora pro Asahi Kasei Microdevices AK4497, Cirrus Logic CS4341\/CS35L26 a vestav\u011bn\u00e9 ovlada\u010de Google ChromeOS. Dal\u0161\u00edmi v seznamu jsou Ingenic JZ4725B, MT8183 a MT6358, NXP MICFIL, Rockchip RK3328, ovlada\u010de Spreadtrum DMA a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"J\u00e1dro
\n\/ Flickr \/ Christopher Michel<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Co dal\u0161\u00edho o\u010dek\u00e1vat v Linux kernel 5.1<\/h2>\n

\nJak p\u00ed\u0161e Phoronix, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i mohou vr\u00e1tit<\/a><\/noindex> do Linux 5.1 mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat trvalou pam\u011b\u0165 jako RAM. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Optane NVDIMM (vyroben\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed technologie 3D Xpoint) na sb\u011brnici DDR4 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 \"p\u0159ev\u00e9st\" na opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce o pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v tomto sm\u011bru, si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte v threadu na LKML<\/a><\/noindex>. Nyn\u00ed Linus \u010dek\u00e1 na objasn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> chov\u00e1n\u00ed Optane od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f z Intelu. Teprve po jejich obdr\u017een\u00ed se rozhodne, zda novou funkci zahrnout do j\u00e1dra 5.1.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat patche, kter\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m roku 2038.<\/a><\/noindex>19. ledna 2038 p\u0159estane hodnota \u010dasu \"vej\u00edt\" do 32bitov\u00e9ho cel\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla se znam\u00e9nkem. To zp\u016fsob\u00ed masivn\u00ed hav\u00e1rie v programech. Proto v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i postupn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/a><\/noindex> v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00edch \u2014 nov\u00e1 verze j\u00e1dra nebude v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce informac\u00ed o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v k\u00f3du Linux kernelu lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat ji\u017e v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti. Budeme o nich pokra\u010dovat ps\u00e1t v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1lech.<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161em firemn\u00edm blogu:<\/h5>\n

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