{"id":42163,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/obsuzhdenie-stanut-li-dnk-hranilishha-massovymi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:58","slug":"obsuzhdenie-stanut-li-dnk-hranilishha-massovymi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-stanut-li-dnk-hranilishha-massovymi","title":{"rendered":"Diskuze: Stane se DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm jevem?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zat\u00edm nejsou p\u0159ipravena na masov\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed experti pova\u017euj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee situace se zm\u011bn\u00ed ji\u017e v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b. St\u00e1le v\u00edce spole\u010dnost\u00ed se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem zab\u00fdvat.<\/p>\n

\"Diskuze:<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto Univerzita v Michiganu<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Flickr \/ CC BY<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 uj\u00edmaj\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\nPodle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> organizace Cambridge Consultants, brzy p\u0159estanou ukl\u00e1dat a pracovat s rostouc\u00edmi objemy dat v datov\u00fdch centrech. \u0158ada expert\u016f v IT pr\u016fmyslu je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdvoji alternativn\u00edch nosi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokud mluv\u00edme o hustot\u011b z\u00e1znamu, \u010dasopis Nature estimates<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee v\u0161echna data sv\u011bta lze ulo\u017eit do DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s hmotnost\u00ed a\u017e jednoho kilogramu. Co se t\u00fd\u010de \u017eivotnosti takov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout (podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f) tis\u00edc<\/a><\/noindex> nebo deseti tis\u00edc<\/a><\/noindex> let.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d experti pova\u017euj\u00ed DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b za perspektivn\u00ed, je pravideln\u011b klesaj\u00edc\u00ed cena z\u00e1pisu dat na tento nosi\u010d. Zat\u00edmco v roce 2002 st\u00e1la cena z\u00e1pisu jednoho znaku do molekuly 10 $, v roce 2016 to bylo 0,05 $. Pokud tato tendence pokra\u010duje v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed, technologie otev\u0159e novou niku na trhu s datov\u00fdm \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm. Podle p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9ho odhadu<\/a><\/noindex>, ro\u010dn\u00ed obrat segmentu DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout stovek milion\u016f dolar\u016f v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti let.<\/p>\n

Kdo vyr\u00e1b\u00ed DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/h2>\n

\nPerspektivy nosi\u010de p\u0159itahuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 uva\u017euj\u00ed o jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed v archiva\u010dn\u00edch datech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Microsoft pl\u00e1nuje<\/a><\/noindex> pokra\u010dovat s DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti ji\u017e do roku 2020. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee odborn\u00edk\u016fm spole\u010dnosti se ji\u017e poda\u0159ilo\u00a0zapsat<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0na um\u011bl\u00e9 DNA spir\u00e1ly 200 megabajt\u016f dat a dos\u00e1hnout rychlosti z\u00e1pisu 400 bajt\u016f za sekundu. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdvoje umo\u017en\u00ed zlep\u0161it tyto ukazatele, a\u010dkoli zat\u00edm se mluv\u00ed o pom\u011brn\u011b objemn\u00fdch instalac\u00edch pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed svou velikost\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> star\u00e9 kop\u00edrovac\u00ed stroje ze 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, je Catalog. Tato startupov\u00e1 pracuje na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> modul\u00e1rn\u00ed laborato\u0159e velikosti autobusu. Je vybavena v\u0161\u00edm pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm pro synt\u00e9zu DNA molekul a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Instalaci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt prod\u00e1vat v roce 2021.<\/p>\n

Technologi\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed i biologi\u010dt\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i. Potenci\u00e1l v DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch vid\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> profesor Harvardu George Church. On a jeho kolegov\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt s vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \"biologick\u00e9\" komory. Ta nebude m\u00edt elektronick\u00e9 ani mechanick\u00e9 komponenty, fotografie nebo videa budou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edmo do molekul DNA.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed projekt v t\u00e9to oblasti \u2014 SGI-DNA. T\u00fdm p\u0159edstavila<\/a><\/noindex> DNA tisk\u00e1rna, kter\u00e1 velikost\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m se ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tisku molekul za \u00fa\u010delem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed biologick\u00fdch a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt tisk\u00e1rnu k k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed do DNA.<\/p>\n

\"Diskuze:
\nFoto Univerzita v Michiganu<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Flickr \/ CC BY<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 strana mince<\/h2>\n

\nV IT pr\u016fmyslu existuj\u00ed i opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zory na nov\u00fd nosi\u010d informac\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odhad\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, na masov\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed technologie bude pot\u0159eba n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed d\u016fvod<\/b> \u2014 n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1pis. I kdy\u017e v posledn\u00edch letech klesaj\u00ed, uchov\u00e1vat data v molekul\u00e1ch je st\u00e1le drah\u00e9: pro zaps\u00e1n\u00ed souboru velikosti jednoho megabajtu je t\u0159eba utratit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b osm tis\u00edc dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd d\u016fvod<\/b> \u2014 n\u00edzk\u00e1 rychlost z\u00e1pisu dat. Firm\u011b Microsoft a jej\u00edm partner\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout<\/a><\/noindex> 400 bajt\u016f za sekundu. Ale podle odhad\u016f in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f spole\u010dnosti by pro masov\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed technologie m\u011bla b\u00fdt propustnost 100 MB\/s.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed d\u016fvod<\/b> \u2014 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my s bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed informac\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Washingtonsk\u00e9 univerzity ji\u017e jsme uk\u00e1zali<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee v molekule DNA je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vat i po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 viry. V budoucnu to d\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm mo\u017enost vkl\u00e1dat \u0161kodliv\u00fd software do s\u00edt\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed a ohro\u017eovat \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji.<\/p>\n

Alternativy k DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edm<\/h2>\n

\nO masov\u00e9m zaveden\u00ed DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 je je\u0161t\u011b brzy hovo\u0159it, tak\u017ee \u0159ada spole\u010dnost\u00ed se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem alternativn\u00edch a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Jednou z nich je magnetick\u00e1 p\u00e1ska. Tu ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed datov\u00e1 centra pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed archivn\u00edch dat. Jej\u00ed \u017eivotnost dosahuje t\u0159iceti<\/a><\/noindex> let. A\u010dkoliv se to ned\u00e1 srovnat s trvanlivost\u00ed DNA, p\u00e1ska co se t\u00fd\u010de doby uchov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed pevn\u00e9 disky a SSD. Ty posledn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed a\u017e deset let. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdhodou p\u00e1sky je cena. Cena za uchov\u00e1n\u00ed gigabytu pam\u011bti na \u00farovni<\/a><\/noindex> jen dva centy. <\/p>\n

Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f magnetickou p\u00e1sku st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti, zejm\u00e9na IBM. Podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159edstavitel\u016f IT giganta bude tento nosi\u010d pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v datov\u00fdch centrech minim\u00e1ln\u011b do roku 2030.<\/p>\n

Druhou alternativou k DNA \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti jsou nanostruktury. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 2016 in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z Technick\u00e9 univerzity v Delftu vytvo\u0159ili<\/a><\/noindex> desku z m\u011bdi, na jej\u00ed\u017e povrchu se vytv\u00e1\u0159ela m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka z atom\u016f chloru. Zm\u011bnou um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \"d\u00edrek\" v m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece auto\u0159i k\u00f3dovali bity v \u0159ad\u00e1ch. Na jednom \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edm centimetru povrchu tohoto materi\u00e1lu lze zapsat a\u017e deset terabajt\u016f dat.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed technologii souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s nanostrukturami p\u0159edstavili<\/a><\/noindex> vyvinuli \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci v roce 2018. Jedn\u00e1 se o film z oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho a st\u0159\u00edbra, kter\u00fd je 80kr\u00e1t ten\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e lidsk\u00fd vlas. Informace se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v nano\u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed barvu p\u0159i dopadu laserov\u00e9ho paprsku.<\/p>\n

Podle tv\u016frc\u016f technologie m\u016f\u017ee kus filmu o rozm\u011brech 10x10 centimetr\u016f uchov\u00e1vat tis\u00edckr\u00e1t v\u00edce dat ne\u017e DVD disk. P\u0159itom rychlost z\u00e1pisu na takov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dosahuje gigabytu za sekundu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z na\u0161eho blogu:<\/p>\n